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	Spina bifida - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spina bifida (Latin: "split spine") are birth defects caused by an incomplete closure (an opening) of one or more vertebral arches (lamina) of the spine, resulting in malformations of the spinal cord.
		Spina bifida is caused by the failure of the neural tube to close during embryonic development.
		Spina bifida results in varying degrees of paralysis, absence of skin sensation, incontinence, and spine and limb problems depending on the severity and location of the lesion damage on the spine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spina_bifida (1845 words)

	Spina Bifida
		Spina bifida is a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord or its coverings.
		Spina bifida occurs at the end of the first month of pregnancy when the two sides of the embryo's spine fail to join together, leaving an open area.
		Spina bifida occulta is the mildest form of spina bifida (occulta means hidden).
	kidshealth.org /parent/system/ill/spina_bifida.html (1160 words)

	Spina Bifida
		Spina bifida (“cleft spine”) is a birth defect affecting the spinal column.
		Spina bifida is the most common of a group of birth defects known as neural tube defects, which affect the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
		The term “spina bifida” often is used interchangeably with myelomeningocele, since this is the type of spina bifida that causes the vast majority of disability.
	www.emedicinehealth.com /spina_bifida/article_em.htm (861 words)

	Spina Bifida Fact Sheet: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
		Spina bifida, which literally means “cleft spine,”; is characterized by the incomplete development of the brain, spinal cord, and/or meninges (the protective covering around the brain and spinal cord).
		Women who have a child with spina bifida, have spina bifida themselves, or have already had a pregnancy affected by any neural tube defect are at greater risk of having a child with spina bifida or another neural tube defect.
		Other scientists are studying genetic risk factors for spina bifida, especially those that diminish or lessen the function of folic acid in the mother during pregnancy, possibly leading to spina bifida in the fetus.
	www.ninds.nih.gov /disorders/spina_bifida/detail_spina_bifida.htm (2611 words)

	Spina Bifida and Hydrocephlus - Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In spina bifida, some of these vertebrae are not completely formed but are split or divided and the defective spinal cord and its coverings usually protrude through the opening.
		The cause of spina bifida is unknown, although genetic and environmental factors have been implicated as possible causes.
		Recent research has shown that the chance of having a baby with spina bifida is considerably reduced (up to 70%) if the intake of a vitamin called folate is increased at least 1 month before pregnancy and for the first three months of pregnancy.
	www.spinabifida.asn.au /facts.html (705 words)

	About -- Management of Myelomeningocele Study (MOMS) for spina bifida treatment
		Spina bifida is a complicated birth defect which has occurred in human beings for thousands of years.
		The effect of spina bifida on the muscles and bones is complex and varies significantly depending on the level of the defect in the spinal cord.
		Because spina bifida affects so many body systems it is important that professionals from many areas be consulted to provide up-to-date, comprehensive medical, psychological and social evaluation, support and treatment.
	www.spinabifidamoms.com /english/about.html (1320 words)

	Spina Bifida
		Spina bifida is the common name for a range of birth defects caused by problems with the early development of the spine.
		Spina bifida has been linked to environmental factors in some areas, to a lack of folic acid during pregnancy, and to certain medications, such as valproic acid, taken during pregnancy.
		Spinal bifida is diagnosed by observation of the protruding sac at birth.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /healthinfo/s/spinabifida.htm (865 words)

	SBAG::FAQ's
		A large percentage of children born with spina bifida also have hydrocephalus is controlled by surgical procedure called "shunting" which relieves the fluid build up in the brain by redirecting it into the abdominal area.
		If you have a child with spina bifida, have spina bifida yourself, or have had a history of pregnancy affected by a neural tube, and you are thinking about becoming pregnant, you need a higher dose of folic acid.
		The Spina Bifida Association of Georgia is a nonprofit association whose mission is to promote the achievement of full potential for people born with spina bifida while emphasizing the prevention of this birth defect.
	www.spinabifidaofgeorgia.org /faq.htm (1310 words)

	Spina bifida
		Spina bifida is a serious birth abnormality in which the spinal cord is malformed and lacks its usual protective skeletal and soft tissue coverings.
		Various forms of spina bifida are known as meningomyelocele, myelomeningocele, spina bifida aperta, open spina bifida, myelodysplasia, spinal dysraphism, spinal rachischisis, myelocele, and meningocele.
		As an isolated abnormality, spina bifida is caused by the combination of genetic factors and environmental influences that bring about malformation of the spine and spinal column.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/spina_bifida.jsp (1450 words)

	Spina Bifida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Spina bifida, also called myelodysplasia, is a condition in which there is abnormal development of the back bones, spinal cord, surrounding nerves, and the fluid-filled sac that surrounds the spinal cord.
		The primary goal of managing spina bifida is to prevent infection and to preserve the spinal cord and nerves that are exposed outside of the body.
		Since spina bifida is a life-long condition that is not curable, management often focuses on preventing or minimizing deformities and maximizing the child's capabilities at home and in the community.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /uvahealth/peds_neuro/spibif.cfm (1768 words)

	Disability Info: Spina Bifida Fact Sheet (FS12)
		Spina Bifida means cleft spine, which is an incomplete closure in the spinal column.
		The effects of myelomeningocele, the most serious form of spina bifida, may include muscle weakness or paralysis below the area of the spine where the incomplete closure (or cleft) occurs, loss of sensation below the cleft, and loss of bowel and bladder control.
		Although spina bifida is relatively common, until recently most children born with a myelomeningocele died shortly after birth.
	www.nichcy.org /pubs/factshe/fs12txt.htm (867 words)

	Spina Bifida
		Definition: Spina bifida is one of a group of birth defects known as neural tube defects (NTD).
		In fact, 95 percent of all spina bifida pregnancies occur in women who have no history of this defect in their personal or family history.
		Spina bifida occulta (hidden) is not readily apparent at birth–no spinal column abnormality is visible.
	www.spinalcord.ar.gov /Publications/FactSheets/sb.html (1279 words)

	Spina Bifida -- eCureMe.com
		Spina bifida is a congenital disorder caused by an incomplete development of the spinal column during the first month of pregnancy.
		Spina Bifida Occulta -- the mildest form, in which one or more vertebrae are not closed, but there is no protrusion of the spinal cord and meninges (a protective covering around the spinal cord).
		may increase the risk of neural tube defects, including spina bifida, so it is recommended that all women of child-bearing age consume 0.4 mg of folic acid daily to reduce the risk of having a pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect.
	www.ecureme.com /emyhealth/data/Spina_Bifida.asp (393 words)

	Spina Bifida treatment options at Mayo Clinic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Spina bifida affects 1,500 to 2,000 babies (about 1 in every 2,000 births) in the United States each year and is a serious birth defect.
		Spina bifida can be mild to severe depending on the type of defect, how big it is, where it is and if there are other problems.
		The primary goal of managing spina bifida is to prevent infection and prevent any further injury to the exposed spinal cord and nerves, not to return neurological function, which was not present at birth.
	www.mayoclinic.org /peds-spinabifida-rst/index.html (985 words)

	Information On Spina Bifida
		Spina bifida, the most common neural tube defect (NTD), is one of the most devastating of all birth defects.
		People with spina bifida occulta and progressive (worsening) symptoms of a stretched or tethered spinal cord need to have an operation on their lower spine to release the tension in the spinal cord.
		Women who know they have spina bifida occulta and are planning to have a baby can ask for a referral to a genetic who will consider both the family history and individual medical circumstances and advise on the risk of having a baby with spina bifida.
	www.fortunecity.com /millenium/plumpton/268/sb.htm (2248 words)

	Spina bifida
		Spina bifida is a serious birth defect that occurs when the tissue surrounding the developing spinal cord of a fetus doesn't close properly.
		Also known as open spina bifida, myelomeningocele is the most severe form of the condition — and the form people usually mean when they use the term "spina bifida." In myelomeningocele, the baby's spinal canal remains open along several vertebrae in the lower or middle back.
		The risk of spina bifida increases with diabetes, especially when the mother's blood sugar is elevated early in her pregnancy.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/DS/00417.html (3242 words)

	Spina Bifida Association of Mississippi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An estimated 70,000 people in the United States are currently living with spina bifida, the most common permanently disabling birth defect. ; Spina Bifida is a neural tube defect that happens in the first month of pregnancy when the spinal column doesn’t close completely.
		Everyday, an average of 8 babies are affected by Spina Bifida or a similar birth defect of the brain and spine.
		The Spina Bifida Association of Mississippi is a support group organized to serve the needs of people and families in Mississippi living and working with spina bifida.
	www.spinabifidams.com (213 words)

	Spina Bifida - keep kids healthy
		Spina bifida is a type of congenital malformation of the central nervous system.
		Children with spina bifida, or myelomeningocele also have a malformation of the vertebral arches of the spinal cord and they have abnormalities of the spinal cord, in which the spinal cord and nerve roots protrude out.
		The symptoms of spina bifida can include bowel and bladder problems, trouble with the muscles and nerves of the lower extremity, leading to babies being unable to move their legs or unable to respond to touch or pain.
	www.keepkidshealthy.com /welcome/conditions/spinabifida.html (649 words)

	Medical References: Spina Bifida
		Most children with severe spina bifida have a tethered spinal cord, meaning that the spinal cord does not slide up and down with movement as it should, because it is held in place by surrounding tissue.
		According to the Spina Bifida Association of America (SBAA), between 18 and 73 percent of children with spina bifida are allergic to latex (natural rubber), possibly due to intense exposure during surgeries and medical procedures.
		In the case of spina bifida (and especially myelomeningocele), the March of Dimes applauds continuing attempts to better manage and treat this birth defect.
	www.marchofdimes.com /professionals/681_1224.asp (2474 words)

	Spina Bifida
		When most people talk about spina bifida, though, they mean myelomeningocele (say: my-uh-low-meh-nin-jo-seel), from words meaning "spine" and "swelling." In this type, the baby is born with a sac protruding from the opening in the spine.
		Most kids with spina bifida have some problems with their bowels and bladder.
		No one is really sure why some kids are born with spina bifida, but doctors and scientists have found some possible reasons.
	kidshealth.org /kid/health_problems/bone/spina_bifida.html (1195 words)

	Birth Defects & Genetics: Spina Bifida
		Spina bifida is the most common of a group of birth defects called neural tube defects (NTDs).
		A couple with one child with spina bifida usually has about a 4 percent chance, and a couple with two affected children has about a 10 percent chance, of having another affected baby (2).
		Similarly, when one parent has spina bifida, there is about a 4 percent chance of passing the disorder on to the baby (2).
	www.marchofdimes.com /pnhec/4439_1224.asp (2521 words)

	Spina Bifida
		Interestingly, spina bifida in the upper spine (where the embryologic infolding begins) is less often severe.
		Spina bifida patients with good posture and dislocated hips do far better than those with flexed posture and intact hips.
		Therefore, in spina bifida, defects in spinal tubulation may be shared, even though to lesser degree, by the upper spine and base of skull.
	www.pediatric-orthopedics.com /Topics/Spina_Bifida/spina_bifida.html (2042 words)

	Spina bifida - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Spina bifida is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		This means that Spina bifida, or a subtype of Spina bifida, affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
		With a diagnosis of Spina bifida, it is also important to consider whether there is an underlying condition causing Spina bifida.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /s/spina_bifida/intro.htm (1158 words)

	Spina bifida: Treatment - MayoClinic.com
		Spina bifida occulta doesn't require treatment at all, while meningocele involves surgery to put the meninges back in place and close the opening in the vertebrae.
		In this experimental and controversial procedure, which is only performed at a handful of hospitals, surgeons lift a pregnant mother's uterus out of her belly and place it on her abdomen, where they are able to cut into the uterus and repair the fetus's spinal cord.
		Proponents of fetal surgery believe that nerve function in babies with spina bifida seems to worsen rapidly after birth, so it may be better to repair spina bifida defects in utero.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/spina-bifida/DS00417/DSECTION=8 (668 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Myelomeningocele (children)
		The rest of the cases are most commonly spina bifida occulta (where the bones of the spine do not close, the spinal cord and meninges remain in place, and skin usually covers the defect) and meningoceles (where the meninges protrude through the vertebral defect but the spinal cord remains in place).
		Currently there are centers attempting experimental in utero surgical repair of spina bifida (surgical repair of the defect while the fetus is still developing in the uterus).
		Counseling and support groups (such as the spina bifida - support group) may help families to cope with the disorder.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001558.htm (1269 words)

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