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	Characterization of CDC16-183: A novel APC mutant which activates the spindle checkpoint
		Genomic stability is ensured in part by the spindle damage checkpoint, which arrests the cell cycle in response to defects in spindle structure or chromosome attachments.
		The metaphase arrest of cdc16-183 at the restrictive temperature is suppressed in cdc16-183 mad2Δ double mutants, suggesting that this mutant may activate the spindle checkpoint in the absence of exogenous damaging agents.
		This work suggests a novel role for the APC in spindle checkpoint activation and a requirement for APC function in the establishment of spindle and/or chromosome structure in both normal and perturbed cell cycles.
	repository.upenn.edu /dissertations/AAI3031688 (346 words)

	Daniel J. Burke
		We are studying the "spindle checkpoint" in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a combination of genetic and molecular genetic approaches.
		Therefore, this mitotic regulatory checkpoint is evolutionarily conserved and is vital for maintaining genomic stability in organisms from yeast to humans.
		This suggests a provocative model where localizing checkpoint proteins to the kinetochore may be required to sense that chromosomes are detached from the spindle and may be an important aspect of generating the inhibitory mitotic signal.
	www.virginia.edu /bmg/faculty/burke/burke.html (636 words)

	The Surveillance Mechanism of the Spindle Position Checkpoint in Yeast -- Adames et al. 153 (1): 159 -- The Journal of ...
		The Surveillance Mechanism of the Spindle Position Checkpoint in Yeast -- Adames et al.
		and is concentrated at the spindle pole destined for the bud.
		Disappearance of the budding yeast Bub2-Bfa1 complex from the mother-bound spindle pole contributes to mitotic exit
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/153/1/159 (790 words)

	Recognizing Chromosomes in Trouble: Association of the Spindle Checkpoint Protein Bub3p with Altered Kinetochores and a ...
		foci are enriched in response to activation of the spindle checkpoint.
		Spindle checkpoint protein Bub1p and kinetochore protein Ndc10p are required for the kinetochore association of Bub3-GFP.
		Checkpoint inhibition of the APC/C HeLa cells is mediated by a complex of BUBR1, BUB3, CDC20, and MAD2.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/23/18/6406 (7142 words)

	EXPRESSION OF A PROTEASOME REGULATORY SUBUNIT SENSITISES HELA CELLS TO CELL DEATH BY TREATMENT WITH SPINDLE POISONS AND ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Spindle checkpoint-deficient yeast cells are more sensitive to spindle poisons, since the loss of function allows mitotic cells to exit without proper chromosome segregation and thus causes chromosomal abnormalities in the daughter cells.
		Identification of additional genes whose products contribute to spindle checkpoint function in mammalian cells may aid in the development of novel cancer therapies to be used in combination with spindle poisons.
		The proteasome is a downstream component of spindle checkpoint and drives mitotic anaphase progression by degrading polyubiquitylated mitotic regulatory proteins such as mitotic cyclins and securin.
	www.med.miami.edu /MNBWS/Yamada-.html (517 words)

	Research Page: Mitotic spindle checkpoint & chromosomal instability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		For example, frequent impairment of mitotic spindle checkpoint has been observed in human lung cancer cell lines, and in a small fraction of colorectal cancer cells, abnormal chromosomal numbers have been proposed to be associated with defects in two of the human mitotic spindle checkpoint genes, namely BUB1 and BUBR1.
		The mitotic spindle checkpoint helps prevent aneuploidy by ensuring that each daughter cell receives one of the two sister chromatids from each chromosome.
		Frequent impairment of mitotic spindle checkpoint has been observed in human lung cancer cell lines, and in a small fraction of colorectal cancer cell lines, aneuploidy has been proposed to be associated with human mitotic checkpoint genes BUB1 and BUBR1.
	www.trdrp.org /research/PageGrant.asp?grant_id=1945 (774 words)

	Spindle checkpoint regulates Cdc20p stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Pan and Chen 18 (12): 1439 -- Genes and ...
		spindle checkpoint, because a modest overexpression of Cdc20p
		Garber, P.M. and Rine, J. Overlapping roles of the spindle assembly and DNA damage checkpoints in the cell-cycle response to altered chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
		Sudakin, V., Chan, G.K., and Yen, T.J. Checkpoint inhibition of the APC/C in HeLa cells is mediated by a complex of BUBR1, BUB3, CDC20, and MAD2.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/18/12/1439 (6612 words)

	Two Complexes of Spindle Checkpoint Proteins Containing Cdc20 and Mad2 Assemble during Mitosis Independently of the ...
		is inhibited by the spindle checkpoint (1, 4, 41).
		The checkpoint delaying anaphase in response to chromosome monoorientation is mediated by an inhibitory signal produced by unattached kinetochores.
		Analyzing the spindle checkpoint in yeast and frogs.
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/4/5/867 (7153 words)

	Spindle Checkpoint Requires Mad1-bound and Mad1-free Mad2 -- Chung and Chen 13 (5): 1501 -- Molecular Biology of the ...
		The spindle checkpoint prevents anaphase from occurring until all chromosomes have attached properly to the mitotic spindle.
		For checkpoint establishment samples, the translation of mock, Mad1N, or Mad1C was added to CSF-arrested extract, followed by incubation with sperm nuclei and nocodazole for 20 min to activate the spindle checkpoint.
		For checkpoint maintenance, the checkpoint was first activated in CSF-arrested extract by incubation with nuclei and nocodazole for 20 min, followed by the addition of translation and another incubation for 30 min.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/13/5/1501 (7042 words)

	Diverse Functions of Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Daniel et al. 172 (1): 53 -- ...
		spindle or the kinetochore are nonessential as are the genes
		with all of the spindle assembly checkpoint mutants.
		is indicative of the response of the spindle assembly checkpoint
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/172/1/53 (6599 words)

	Spindle Checkpoint Protein Bub1 Is Required for Kinetochore Localization of Mad1, Mad2, Bub3, and CENP-E, Independently ...
		The spindle checkpoint inhibits the metaphase to anaphase transition
		We have isolated a Xenopus homologue of the spindle
		The Caenorhabditis elegans Kinetochore Reorganizes at Prometaphase and in Response to Checkpoint Stimuli
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/153/6/1239 (1254 words)

	Analysis of Bub3 spindle checkpoint function in Xenopus egg extracts -- Campbell and Hardwick 116 (4): 617 -- Journal ...
		The spindle checkpoint was activated in aliquots of egg extract and the egg extracts further incubated at room temperature in the presence of a buffer control, nocodazole plus pre-immune antibody, nocodazole plus rabbit XBub3 antibody or nocodazole plus XMad2 antibody.
		In the presence of a pre-immune antibody the spindle checkpoint
		Inhibition of Aurora B kinase blocks chromosome segregation, overrides the spindle checkpoint, and perturbs microtubule dynamics in mitosis.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/116/4/617 (7306 words)

	POLO-LIKE KINASE-1 RECRUITS SPINDLE CHECKPOINT MOLECULES TO CENTROMERES AND CREATES THE TENSION-SENSING 3F3/2 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This checkpoint system monitors microtubule occupancy and/or tension at kinetochores and generates a “wait anaphase” signal if unaligned chromosomes are present.
		First, the spindle poles were unable to separate at the G2/M-phase transition resulting in formation of mono-polar spindles.
		We hypothesize that Plk1 phosphorylation of the APC/C at kinetochores may be regulated by tension and may contribute to signaling by the mitotic spindle checkpoint.
	www.med.miami.edu /MNBWS/Kallio-.html (510 words)

	Aging in Check -- Dai and Wang 2006 (7): pe9 -- Science's SAGE KE
		In addition to conserved Bub and Mad family members, which are known to function in the spindle checkpoint pathway in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals, two mRNA transport genes, Rae1 and Nup9, are also involved in the spindle checkpoint function in mammals.
		Biochemically, activated spindle checkpoint components have been shown to suppress the activity of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome.
		It is generally thought that decreased activity of the checkpoint components predisposes cells to chromosomal instability, aneuploidy, and malignant transformation.
	sageke.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/2006/7/pe9 (368 words)

	Induction of C-Anaphase and Diplochromosome through Dysregulation of Spindle Assembly Checkpoint by Sodium Arsenite in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Induction of Abnormal Mitotic Spindles and Disturbance of Chromosome Segregation by Arsenite in HFW Cells.
		Effects of arsenite on the assembly of bipolar spindles and congregation of metaphase chromosomes in HFW cells.
		Mitotic spindles were visualized by immunostaining with anti-ß-tubulin antibodies and the FITC-conjugated secondary antibodies (F, I, and L), whereas Mad2 was localized by immunostaining with anti-Mad2 antibodies and rhodamine-conjugated secondary antibodies (G, J, and M).
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/63/20/6680 (5597 words)

	The spindle checkpoint requires cyclin-dependent kinase activity -- D'Angiolella et al. 17 (20): 2520 -- Genes and ...
		Chung, E. and Chen, R.H. Phosphorylation of Cdc20 is required for its inhibition by the spindle checkpoint.
		Fang, G., Hongtao, Y., and Kirschner, M.W. The checkpoint protein Mad2 and the mitotic regulator CDC20 form a ternary complex with the anaphase-promoting complex to control anaphase initiation.
		Tunquist, B.J., Schwab, M.S., Chen, L.G., and Maller, J.L. The spindle checkpoint kinase bub1 and cyclin e/cdk2 both contribute to the establishment of meiotic metaphase arrest by cytostatic factor.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/17/20/2520 (3636 words)

	The C-Terminal Half of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mad1p Mediates Spindle Checkpoint Function, Chromosome Transmission ...
		to spindle microtubules, the spindle checkpoint is sensitive
		The C terminus of Mad1p is necessary and sufficient for the spindle checkpoint:
		of Mad1p for spindle checkpoint activation and chromosome transmission
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/170/2/509 (5059 words)

	Image Analysis of the Mitotic Spindle - Biomedical Imaging - ISMV Research
		The cells were fixed and probed with fluorescent-labeled, anti-tubulin antibodies that attach to the spindles of metaphase cells.
		The spindles were then imaged via confocal microscopy, resulting in a three-dimensional (3D) stack of images for each spindle.
		These features are based on the spindle's intrinsic coordinate system, which is referenced to the spindle center of mass and principal axes of inertia (see Fig 2).
	www.ornl.gov /sci/ismv/research_bio_spindle.shtml (270 words)

	Budding Yeast Cdc20: A Target of the Spindle Checkpoint -- Hwang et al. 279 (5353): 1041 -- Science
		The spindle checkpoint regulates the cell division cycle by keeping cells with defective spindles from leaving mitosis.
		Spindle checkpoint proteins Mad1 and Mad2 are required for cytostatic factor-mediated metaphase arrest.
		The mitotic spindle is required for loading of the DASH complex onto the kinetochore.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/abstract/279/5353/1041 (2274 words)

	Prevalent Loss of Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint in Adult T-cell Leukemia Confers Resistance to Microtubule Inhibitors -- ...
		Spindle Checkpoint-defective Cells Resist MTI-induced Apoptosis-- To assess the role of spindle checkpoint on MTI treatment outcome, we measured the apoptotic indices of nocodazole-treated
		The spindle assembly checkpoint monitors integrity of chromosomal segregation during mitosis (12, 31, 32) in a p53-independent
		From a practical perspective, the prevalent M spindle checkpoint loss in ATLs is both daunting and potentially useful in structuring
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/7/5187 (3744 words)

	Dependence of Paclitaxel Sensitivity on a Functional Spindle Assembly Checkpoint -- Sudo et al. 64 (7): 2502 -- Cancer ...
		in accordance with activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint.
		Restoration of function of spindle assembly checkpoint and enhancement of paclitaxel sensitivity by overexpression of Mad2 in Mad2-dependent checkpoint-defective cells.
		Bub3 gene disruption in mice reveals essential mitotic spindle checkpoint function during early embryogenesis.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/7/2502 (4599 words)

	The Ipl1-Aurora protein kinase activates the spindle checkpoint by creating unattached kinetochores - Nature Cell ...
		The spindle checkpoint ensures accurate chromosome segregation by delaying cell-cycle progression until all sister kinetochores capture microtubules from opposite poles and come under tension (for reviews, see refs 1, 2).
		Although the checkpoint is activated by either the lack of kinetochore-microtubule attachments or defects in the tension exerted by microtubule-generated forces, it is not clear whether these signals are linked.
		When Ipl1 function was impaired in these kinetochore mutants, the attachments were restored and the checkpoint was turned off.
	www.nature.com /ncb/journal/v8/n1/abs/ncb1341.html (374 words)

	The Fission Yeast Crb2/Chk1 Pathway Coordinates the DNA Damage and Spindle Checkpoint in Response to Replication Stress ...
		The Fission Yeast Crb2/Chk1 Pathway Coordinates the DNA Damage and Spindle Checkpoint in Response to Replication Stress Induced by Topoisomerase I Inhibitor -- Collura et al.
		The Fission Yeast Crb2/Chk1 Pathway Coordinates the DNA Damage and Spindle Checkpoint in Response to Replication Stress Induced by Topoisomerase I Inhibitor
		pathway induces sustained activation of the spindle checkpoint,
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/25/17/7889 (258 words)

	Truncating APC mutations have dominant effects on proliferation, spindle checkpoint control, survival and chromosome ...
		Truncating APC mutations have dominant effects on proliferation, spindle checkpoint control, survival and chromosome stability -- Tighe et al.
		checkpoint signal thus contributing to the fidelity of chromosome
		Dikovskaya, D., Newton, I. and Nathke, I. The adenomatous polyposis coli protein is required for the formation of robust spindles formed in CSF Xenopus extracts.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/117/26/6339 (8191 words)

	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot entry Q9Y6D9 [MD1L1_HUMAN] Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1
		: Component of the spindle-assembly checkpoint that prevents the onset of anaphase until all chromosomes are properly aligned at the metaphase plate.
		Perturbation of the original MAD1L1-MAD2L1 structure by the spindle checkpoint may decrease MAD2L1 affinity for MAD1L1.
		From the beginning to the end of mitosis, it is seen to move from a diffusely nuclear distribution to the centrosome, to the spindle midzone and finally to the midbody.
	www.expasy.org /uniprot/Q9Y6D9 (838 words)

	From The Cover: Evaluating putative mechanisms of the mitotic spindle checkpoint -- Doncic et al. 102 (18): 6332 -- ...
		From The Cover: Evaluating putative mechanisms of the mitotic spindle checkpoint -- Doncic et al.
		The mitotic spindle checkpoint halts the cell cycle until all
		the spindle checkpoint network is limited by physical constraints
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/short/102/18/6332 (350 words)

	Find in a Library: Distinct chromosome segregation roles for spindle checkpoint proteins in saccharomyces cerevisiae
		Find in a Library: Distinct chromosome segregation roles for spindle checkpoint proteins in saccharomyces cerevisiae
		Distinct chromosome segregation roles for spindle checkpoint proteins in saccharomyces cerevisiae
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/6e9f740de3703b89a19afeb4da09e526.html (64 words)

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