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Topic: Spintronics

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	Spintronics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Spintronics (a neologism for "spin-based electronics"), also known as magnetoelectronics, is an emergent technology which exploits the quantum propensity of electron s to spin as well as making use of their charge state.
		Spintronics quantum bits (known as qubit s) exploit the "spin up" and "spin down" states as superposition s of 0 or 1, possessing the ability to represent every number between 0 and 255 simultaneously.
		Spintronics is likely to have radical implications in the field of mass-storage device s; recently (in 2002) IBM scientists announced that they could compress massive amounts of data into a small area, at approximately one trillion bits per square inch.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Spintronics.html (627 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Spintronics (a neologism for "spin-based electronics"), also known as magnetoelectronics, is an emergent technology which exploits the quantum propensity of electrons to spin as well as making use of their charge state.
		Spintronics quantum bits (known as qubits) exploit the "spin up" and "spin down" states as superpositions of 0 or 1, possessing the ability to represent every number between 0 and 255 simultaneously.
		Spintronics is likely to have radical implications in the field of mass-storage devices; recently (in 2002) IBM scientists announced that they could compress massive amounts of data into a small area, at approximately one trillion bits per square inch.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/s/sp/spintronics.html (176 words)

	What is Spintronics?
		Spintronics is a nascent form of electronics which uses the magnetic state (spin) of electrons to encode and process data, rather than using electric charge.
		Spintronics is therefore sometimes regarded as exploiting quantum effects.
		It has been claimed that spintronic memory, or MRAM (Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory) has the potential to achieve the speed of SRAM (Static RAM), the density of DRAM (Dynamic RAM), and the non-volatility of flash memory.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-spintronics.htm (408 words)

	Spintronics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Spintronics is an emergent technology that exploits the quantum propensity of the electrons to spin as well as making use of their charge state.
		The trend of continued investment in spintronics research through responsive mode is demonstrated, with almost £4M in new announced grants in 2005/2006.
		The aim was to highlight the state-of-the-art in spintronics research in France and the UK and to provide opportunities for new collaborations and partnerships between the participants.
	www.epsrc.ac.uk /researchfunding/programmes/materials/remitandorganisation/spintronics.htm (444 words)

	Spintronics
		Conventional use of electron state within a semiconductor is a purely binary proposition, where an electron's state or current represents only 0 or 1, and a range of eight bits can represent every number between 0 and 255, but only one number at a time.
		Spintronics quantum bits (known as qubits) exploit the "spin up" and "spin down" states as superpositions of 0 or 1 with entanglement, so a register consisting of two spintronics qubits would have eight possible states instead of four.
		Spintronic devices are used in the field of mass-storage devices; recently (in 2002) IBM scientists announced that they could compress massive amounts of data into a small area, at approximately one trillion bits per square inch (1.5 Gbit/mm²) or roughly 1 TB on a single sided 3.5" diameter disc.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3Dspintronics%26type%3Den (778 words)

	'Spintronics' Generating Excitement In Tech World - News by InformationWeek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Spintronics biggest potential lies in embedded memories and non-volatile memory devices such as magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), which Muthuramalingam said will revolutionize the memory market and aid the development of sophisticated and versatile computing and personal devices.
		Because spintronic devices use magnetism and materials such as nickel, iron, cobalt — with alloys not commonly used in normal semiconductor electronics —; there are difficulties in etching and patterning as well as in integrating the magnetic material into a silicon process for manufacturing MRAMs.
		Industry interest in spintronics is rising fast and many spin-based devices will hit the market in the next three to five years, with MRAM expected as early as 2006.
	www.informationweek.com /story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=175701243 (371 words)

	Era of Next-Generation Electronics Draws Closer with the Discovery of Spintronics
		LONDON, September 8 /PRNewswire/ -- Spintronics - the pioneering new technology, wherein both the charge and spin of an electron are used to carry information - is generating great excitement in the world of technology for its immense potential in a wide variety of applications.
		Scientists and researchers are focusing on developing radical spintronics materials with the aim of creating a new generation of devices that are able to effectively harness the spin of electrons.
		This is a considerable achievement for spintronics researchers who have been working on exploiting the fact that electrons are magnetised along their spin axes.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/09-08-2005/0004102533&EDATE= (703 words)

	Spintronics, Superposition, Qubits - Definition, Applications and The Potential For Quantum Computer
		Spintronics uses the spin of electrons and charge together, rather than charge alone to represent binary data values.
		Spintronics theory is based in the quantum mechanical idea of superposition — that an object can simultaneously possess two or more values for the same quantity or state at any given time.
		Spintronics uses qubits, so the "spin up" and "spin down" superposition states of 0 or 1 allow 8 qubits to represent every number between 0 and 255 simultaneously.
	www.azonano.com /Details.asp?ArticleID=1678 (591 words)

	Spintronics-Info \| Your source for Spintronics information, news, articles and more
		So-called "spintronic" circuits that sense changes in electron spin already are used in very high-density data storage devices, and other spin-based devices are under study.
		Spintronics is predicted to revolutionize the electronics industry, say the researchers, by making devices faster, improving storage capacity and reducing the amount of power needed to run them, but the technology has not yet been widely applied, because due to difficulty controlling, manipulating and measuring the electrons.
		The new method may be useful in the development and optimization of thin film materials for read heads, memories and recording media for magnetic data storage and spintronics, an emerging technology that relies on the spin of electrons instead of their charge as in conventional electronics.
	www.spintronics-info.com (1577 words)

	A New Step In Spintronics
		Shi says the field of spintronics was born in the late 1980s with the discovery of the "giant magnetoresistance effect." Resistance is a measure of how much a material resists the flow of electrical current or electrons.
		Spintronics "has quickly revolutionized magnetic recording technology and is going to revolutionize random access memory (RAM) made of semiconductors," Shi says.
		The next step in spintronics is to combine the advantages of spin-based devices with the qualities of semiconductors, such as their ability to be "doped" with substances that make them carry more or less electricity, or make them able to emit light, Shi says.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/chip-tech-04c.html (1393 words)

	Wired News: Spinning Out Faster, Better Chips
		Spintronics, in contrast, would rely on a quantum property of electrons called spin -- measured as either "up" or "down." Depending on the spin, electrons either attract or repel metals.
		IBM and Stanford scientists believe spintronics will allow chip manufacturers to continue doubling the speed of their products about every two years while avoiding the problems of energy loss and heat dissipation that currently face the industry.
		Spintronics researchers are exploring applying the technology to the design of memory chips next.
	www.wired.com /news/technology/0,1282,63230,00.html (712 words)

	Spintronics
		Spintronic devices, which exploit the spin of the electron, are particularly attractive for memory storage and magnetic sensor applications, and potentially for quantum computing.
		To achieve a spintronic device in which spin-transport dominates, a magnetic material must be brought in close contact with the semiconductor.
		The third problem is the external observation of a discernible spintronic effect that could be used to interpret or 'read' the outcome of a spintronic device function.
	www.thinfilmmfg.com /subscribers/Subscriber02/spin1May02.htm (1556 words)

	Spintronics - Science Marketplace - Science\|Business
		Spintronics is one of the hottest new fields in physics.
		Spintronics was the subject of one of the top three papers in physics over the past couple of years: "Spintronics: A Spin-Based Electronics Vision For The Future".
		The introduction is more forthcoming: "'Spintronics,' in which both the spin and charge of electrons are used for logic and memory operations, promises an alternate route to traditional semiconductor electronics." This paper reports on research that has made spintronic versions of some of the basic building blocks of electronics.
	www.sciencebusiness.net /science_marketplace/spintronics.php (1162 words)

	SPINTRONICS (Jaro Fabian)
		Spintronics (slide) is a new branch of electronics in which electron
		All spintronic devices act according to the simple scheme: (1) information is stored (written) into spins as a particular spin orientation (up or down), (2) the spins, being attached to mobile electrons, carry the information along a wire, and (3) the information is read at a terminal.
		Spin orientation of conduction electrons survives for a relatively long time (nanoseconds, compared to tens of femtoseconds during which electron momentum and energy decay), which makes spintronic devices particularly attractive for memory storage and magnetic sensors applications, and, potentially for quantum computing where electron spin would represent a bit (called qubit) of information.
	physik.kfunigraz.ac.at /~jaf/research/spintronics/spintronics.html (129 words)

	Discover-E, Electronic Newsletter of the Division of Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Spintronics is a young research field at the crossroads of physics and electronics.
		In spintronic devices, however, a defined magnetic field is used to manipulate spin and, in combination with the electron charge, to control the current.
		The films control the quality of the interface between the semiconductor and electrode layers in a spintronics device and are critical to the fabrication of electrode structures at the nanometer scale.
	research.binghamton.edu /discovere/september2002/spintronics.htm (1027 words)

	Spintronics--An Emerging Technology Analysis (Technical Insights)
		Indeed, the impact of spintronics in the HDD industry is a mere indication of things to come.
		What sets this study apart is its special focus on user concerns in terms of the practical applications of spintronics technology and real world issues that are likely to hamper technology adoption.
		"Spintronics has a number of potentially groundbreaking applications that are set to drive next-generation electronics," says the analyst.
	www.marketresearch.com /product/display.asp?productid=1117822&partnerid=901625821 (505 words)

	Spintronics
		Spintronics has been recognized as one of the demanding area of researches which could provide a major break through in technologies involving conventional electronics.
		Spintronics is a multi disciplinary area of research and requires a coordinated effort from all related fields in order to pursue for research with challenging themes.
		Many of the WUN members have pioneered the investigation of Spintronics and have their individual recourses to form a highly effective research network.
	www.wun.ac.uk /spintronics (161 words)

	IBM Research \| Press Resources \| IBM and Stanford Collaborate on World-class Spintronics Research
		Spintronics is an exciting possibility because controlling the spin -- or magnetic orientation -- of electrons within tiny structures made of ultra-thin layers can produce such advantageous properties as low-power switching and nonvolatile information storage.
		Grand Central Station for IBM's new spintronic research: Harnessing the power of electron spin -- the quantum property that is responsible for magnetism -- is the goal of IBM Fellow Stuart Parkin (left), Stanford student Roger Wang and the new IBM-Stanford research center known as SpinAps.
		Spintronic structures originally proposed by IBM are also at the heart of Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM), a fast non-volatile memory concept currently being developed by IBM, Infineon and others.
	domino.research.ibm.com /comm/pr.nsf/pages/news.20040426_spinaps.html (1126 words)

	IBM RD 50-1 \| Spintronics—A retrospective and perspective
		Spintronics is a rapidly emerging field of science and technology that will most likely have a significant impact on the future of all aspects of electronics as we continue to move into the 21st century.
		The DARPA spintronics project continued until 2003, when it became clear that MRAM was a viable universal memory; see the Proceedings of the IEEE special issue on Spintronics [19].
		One of the surprises that arose from the spintronics efforts was that the free layer could be rotated in both directions by reversing the direction of the current [27].
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/501/wolf.html (3610 words)

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