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Topic: Spiny Dogfish

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	Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department: Spiny Dogfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Spiny dogfish are found in the western Atlantic Ocean from Greenland to Argentina and in the eastern Atlantic from Iceland and Murmanski Coast (Russia) to South Africa including the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea.
		The average size of the spiny dogfish is 28-39 inches (70-100 cm) with adult males ranging from 24-35 inches (60-90cm) and adult females from 30-42 inches (76-107 cm) in length.
		Spiny dogfish are been documented in the stomachs of cod, red hake, and goosefish, as well as other spiny dogfish.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/Gallery/Descript/SpinyDogfish/SpinyDogfish.html (1645 words)

	SPINY DOGFISH
		The spiny dogfish is a small, slender shark with a flattened head and a snout that tapers to a blunt tip.
		Although spiny dogfish and smooth dogfish are around the same size on the average (about 3 feet long, 7-10 pounds), the spiny dogfish has two distinguishing features: rows of small white dots run along its slate-gray sides, and a sharp spine is found in front of each of its two dorsal fins.
		Spiny dogfish are not seen very often in winter because they spend most of their time in the deeper waters offshore.
	www.ocean.udel.edu /mas/seafood/spinydogfish.html (529 words)

	Spiny Dogfish
		Spiny dogfish occur in temperate and subtropical waters in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
		Spiny dogfish are long lived and non-migratory; as a result, heavy fishing pressure in a given area will lower the population level of this slow growing, low reproductive species quite rapidly.
		Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) seasons and harvest limits are established under the Mid-Atlantic/New England Council Spiny Dogfish Fishery Management Plan or the ASMFC Spiny Dogfish FMP.
	www.hatterashi.com /SpinyDogfish.html (272 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Darkfield Gallery - Dogfish Shark Placoid Scales
		Dogfish sharks are small sharks belonging to one of three families: the dogfish shark family, Squalidae; the requiem shark family, Carcharhinidae; and the cat shark family, Scyliorhinidae.
		The best-known species are the spiny dogfish of the dogfish shark family, and the smooth dogfish of the requiem shark family.
		Dogfish sharks make up one subfamily of the dogfish shark family, and are characterized by a hard spine at the base of each of the two dorsal fins.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/darkfield/dogfishplacoidscale.html (316 words)

	New Jersey Scuba Diver - Marine Biology - Sharks - Dogfishes
		The Spiny Dogfish has two distinguishing features: rows of small white dots that run along its sides, and a sharp spine that is found in front of each of its two dorsal fins.
		Spiny Dogfish are gregarious in nature, often occurring in 'packs' of hundreds or even thousands of individuals, and may be found anywhere in the water column, from the bottom to the surface.
		Spiny Dogfish are voracious predators that feed primarily on bony fishes.
	www.njscuba.net /biology/sw_fish_sharks_dogfishes.html (2070 words)

	dogfish. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Spiny dogfishes have two spines, one in front of each dorsal fin, and lack an anal fin.
		Like the spiny dogfish, the smooth dogfish is much used for dissection by students of vertebrate anatomy.
		The smooth dogfish family also includes two small sharks abundant on the Pacific coast of the United States, the brown smoothhound (Rhinotriacis henlei) and the leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata); the latter is strikingly marked with fl on a tan background.
	www.bartleby.com /65/do/dogfish.html (332 words)

	Fact Sheet: Spiny Dogfish
		Usually spiny dogfish do not exceed a length of approximately 120 cm, whereby sexual maturity is usually reached by males measuring 60 to 70 cm and females measuring 70 to 100 cm.
		Spiny dogfish undertake long migrations, influenced partly by the availability of food and partly by water temperatures, but their migration path has not yet been studied sufficiently.
		Spiny dogfish are usually quite harmless, but a poison is secreted at the base of the spines which may lead to complications in humans suffering from allergies.
	www.sharkinfo.ch /SI2_99e/sacanthias.html (767 words)

	dogfish - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Spiny dogfishes have two spines, one in front of each dorsal fin, and lack an anal fin.
		Like the spiny dogfish, the smooth dogfish is much used for dissection by students of vertebrate anatomy.
		The smooth dogfish family also includes two small sharks abundant on the Pacific coast of the United States, the brown smoothhound (Rhinotriacis henlei) and the leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata); the latter is strikingly marked with fl on a tan background.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-dogfish.html (477 words)

	RISAA Affiliate [Save The Bay - Educational Series - Spiny Dogfish] March 2001
		The spiny dogfish is a species of small shark with a slender, flattened head, blunt, tapered snout, and a small crescent-shaped mouth.
		Spiny dogfish are most common in the Bay, but the smooth dogfish (Mustelis canis) can also be found.
		In addition to eating worms, shrimp, crabs, and comb jellies, the spiny dogfish is one of the major predators of lobsters and large crabs.
	www.risaa.org /savethebay/spiny_dogfish.html (412 words)

	Spiny Dogfish
		Based on the age-validated spines, the growth rate of spiny dogfish in the northwest and northeast Atlantic is substantially faster, and the longevity is substantially less, than that of dogfish in the northeast Pacific.
		If dogfish originate within the U.S., but migrate to Canada where they spend the rest of their lives, it may be more appropriate to manage them as a national resource rather than as a single transboundary resource.
		Dogfish on both sides of the border would be surgically tagged with acoustic transmitters in order to track their movements.
	www.marinebiodiversity.ca /shark/english/skull5.htm (605 words)

	SPINY DOGFISH SHARK - Zoom Sharks
		Dogfish are not considered to be dangerous, but some damage could be done by their teeth and their slightly poisonous dorsal fin spines.
		Spiny dogfish sharks are gregarious (social) and travel in schools of hundreds to thousands of individuals.
		The spiny dogfish shark is found worldwide in temperate and subarctic waters, in the temperate and subarctic latitudes of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/sharks/species/Dogfish.shtml (525 words)

	Offshore / Inshore Fisheries Development & Technologies: Species - Atlantic Spiny Dogfish
		The dogfish embryos, numbering up to 14 but averaging four to six, with a 50:50 ratio of males to females, take anywhere from 22 to 24 months to develop.
		Spiny dogfish are found on both sides of the North Atlantic, chiefly in temperate and subarctic waters (6 to 15 C) and in depths less than 360 m.
		As the young dogfish grow older they can be found in deeper water, but during spring-autumn season they become more coastly orientated and are found in very shallow water in search of food with feeding taking place mostly at night.
	www.mi.mun.ca /mi-net/fishdeve/dogfish.htm (1391 words)

	Spiny Dogfish Shark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The spiny dogfish is believed to be the worlds' most abundant shark and is the predominant shark species in Alaska.
		Spiny dogfish sharks are commonly taken by commercial fishing gear and are particularly well represented in Alaska's pelagic trawl pollock fishery and in the longline fisheries for sablefish, halibut, Greenland turbot, and Pacific cod.
		Spiny dogfish catch rates have increased 5-fold in Prince William Sound and 20-fold in the central Gulf of Alaska between Nuka Point and Cape St. Elias since 1994.
	www.fishingsociety.org /DogfishShark.html (916 words)

	ADW: Squalus acanthias: Information
		The spiny dogfish inhabits the temperate and subarctic latitudes of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans.
		Spiny dogfish are gregarious fish that form large schools of hundreds to thousands of sharks, often composed entirely of the same size or sex.
		Spiny dogfish prey on bony fishes, smaller sharks, octopuses, squid, crabs, and eggcases of sharks and chimaeras.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/accounts/information/Squalus_acanthias.html (428 words)

	Migration patterns of spiny dogfish in the North Pacific Ocean - Squalus acanthias Fishery Bulletin - Find Articles
		Aside from a source of food, the skin of the spiny dogfish was used for polishing, the spines as perforation awls, and the liver oil for various domestic purposes.
		More recently, commercial fisheries for spiny dogfish were dominant from the late-1800s to the mid-1900s as a source of oil for lubrication, lighting, and vitamin A, and as a source of fishmeal, in addition to or in place of fertilizer.
		Spiny dogfish are distributed from California to Alaska, along the Aleutian chain to the Asian coast, south to Japan.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FDG/is_2_101/ai_102341377 (970 words)

	Spiny Dogfish Shark
		The spiny dogfish is believed to be the worlds' most abundant shark and is the predominant shark species in Alaska.
		Spiny dogfish sharks are commonly taken by commercial fishing gear and are particularly well represented in Alaska's pelagic trawl pollock fishery and in the longline fisheries for sablefish, halibut, Greenland turbot, and Pacific cod.
		Spiny dogfish catch rates have increased 5-fold in Prince William Sound and 20-fold in the central Gulf of Alaska between Nuka Point and Cape St. Elias since 1994.
	www.conservationinstitute.org /ocean_change/predation/spinydogfish.htm (879 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The spiny dogfish or piked dogfish, Squalus acanthias, is one of the best known of the dogfish, members of the family Squalidae in the order Squaliformes.
		There are actually several species to which the names are applied, but all are readily distinguished by their having two spines (one anterior to each dorsal fin) and their lack of an anal fin.
		Spiny dogfish are fished for food in Europe, the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Chile.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Spiny_dogfish (502 words)

	Spiny Dogfish Photos
		Dogfish is typically marketed as "rock shark", "rock cod" or "rock salmon" and is often eaten as European fish and chips.
		The spiny dogfish is a voracious predator that feeds primarily on the smaller fishes.
		The spiny dogfish is believed to be the worlds' most abundant shark and is the predominant shark species in the Pacific Northwest.
	www.boydski.com /diving/photos/Sharks/SpinyDogfish.htm (426 words)

	School of Marine Affairs Alumni Site
		In 2000, the annual harvest of spiny dogfish in Washington State was approximately 636 metric tons, with an ex-vessel value of $46,000.
		Spiny dogfish are slow growing, late maturing, and low fecundity species and are therefore susceptible to over overfished by WDFW.
		Directed regulation of dogfish fisheries, new assessments of the current fisheries targeting and indirectly targeting dogfish, and further coordination between WDFW, treaty tribes, the Pacific Fisheries Management Council, and the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans may be necessary to conserve spiny dogfish populations should these new fisheries and markets develop.
	www.sma.washington.edu /students/thesis/thesis_abstract.php?id=58 (486 words)

	Monterey Bay Aquarium: Online Field Guide
		Spiny dogfish are not in demand as a food item in the United States, but they’re popular on the international market.
		Spiny dogfish don’t become sexually mature until 20 years old, so overfishing can be devastating to populations.
		To protect dogfish populations, quota limits were established in 2000 in waters from Maine to Florida; once the quota is filled, dogfish shark fisheries are closed for the season.
	www.mbayaq.org /efc/living_species/default.asp?hOri=1&inhab=482 (358 words)

	ScubaNaked.COM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Spiny dogfish occur in temperate and subtropical waters in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
		It is generally found in waters up to 1,200 feet deep though spiny dogfish have been taken to depths of 2,400 feet.
		Spiny dogfish are long lived and non-migratory; as a result, heavy fishing pressure in a given area will lower the population level of this slow growing, low reproductive species quite rapidly.
	www.scubanaked.com /fish/spinydogfish.html (268 words)

	Status of Fisheries Resources off Northeastern United States - Spiny Dogfish
		Spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, are distributed in the western North Atlantic from Labrador to Florida and are considered to be a unit stock in this region.
		Dogfish are known to feed on many species of fish and crustaceans, but generally target the most abundant species.
		Dogfish are frequently caught as bycatch and discarded during groundfish operations, particularly in the Mid-Atlantic-Southern New England area.
	www.nefsc.noaa.gov /sos/spsyn/op/dogfish (871 words)

	The Dogfish Follies
		The dogfish fishery management plan isn't based on estimates of the amount of dogfish in the ocean, it's based on the proportion of large female dogfish in the population.
		If we assume that the total biomass of spiny dogfish increases at the same rate as the mature females, we're looking at a total biomass of about 600,000 metric tons before the stock is considered to be rebuilt.
		The "plight" of the spiny dogfish was seized upon by anti-fishing zealots, people who are apparently always on the lookout for situations that can be turned into perceived crises, carrying forward their and their supporters' anti-fishing campaigns.
	www.fishnet-usa.com /dogfishfollies.html (3223 words)

	Spiny Dogfish
		The spiny dogfish is a small schooling shark that forms groups of hundreds or thousands of individuals of the same sex and size.
		The spiny dogfish is found in cold and warm temperate oceans at temperatures between 6 and 15 degrees Celsius.
		The spiny dogfish is long lived and slow growing and has an estimated life span of 25 to 40 years.
	www.marinebiodiversity.ca /shark/english/spinyd.htm (690 words)

	Spiny dogfish
		Much has been written of the habits of the spiny dogfish, but nothing to recommend it from the standpoint either of the fishermen or of its fellow creatures in the sea.
		Spiny dogfish appear to have been more numerous in the Massachusetts Bay region during the last quarter of the past century and during the early nineteen hundreds than they had been previously.
		To a certain extent, of course, reports of fluctuations in abundance from year to year must be discounted as reflecting the movements of the great schools that may visit one part of the coast one summer and another part the next, not a general alteration of the stock.
	www.gma.org /fogm/Squalus_acanthias.htm (2786 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Spiny Dogfish in U.S. Waters in the Western Atlantic Ocean; Scoping Process
		High Discard Rates in the Non-Directed Fisheries Virtually all of the spiny dogfish taken as bycatch in the mixed- and multi-species gillnet and otter trawl fisheries in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean are discarded.
		Several studies reported that the diet of spiny dogfish greater than 23.6 in (60 cm) was predominantly fish including herring, Atlantic mackerel, redfish, Atlantic cod, haddock, silver, red, white and spotted hake, and sand lance.
		As a result, the effect of spiny dogfish consumption on the population levels of other fish species in the Northwest Atlantic ecosystem should be considered when establishing a harvest policy for the species.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/1997/September/Day-12/i24228.htm (1574 words)

	Spiny Dogfish Plan Implemented; Stock Rebuilding to Start May 1
		The spiny dogfish plan was developed and adopted by the Mid-Atlantic and the New England Fishery Management Councils.
		The secretary will also establish trip limits for spiny dogfish of 600 pounds for the first half of the fishery (May 1 – Oct. 30) and a 300 pound trip limit for the second half of the fishery (Nov. 1 – April 30).
		The spiny dogfish fishery occurs primarily in New England waters during the first half of the fishing season and in the Mid-Atlantic during the second half.
	www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov /releases2000/apr00/noaa00r111.html (676 words)

	Reproduction of female spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, in the Oslofjord Fishery Bulletin - Find Articles
		The spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) is a relatively small shark with a characteristic spine in front of each dorsal fin.
		Dogfish were sampled monthly off the Hvaler Islands throughout 1987 and 1997 in gill nets and by longline at depths ranging from 50 to 460 m (Fig.
		The remaining 16 dogfish had spines that were either missing, or broken to such an extent that age determination was not possible for these individuals.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FDG/is_4_99/ai_81790022 (973 words)

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