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Topic: Spiral (spaceplane)

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	spiral - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about spiral
		Various kinds of spirals can be generated mathematically – for example, an equiangular or logarithmic spiral (in which a tangent at any point on the curve always makes the same angle with it) and an involute.
		Spirals also occur in nature as a normal consequence of accelerating growth, such as the spiral shape of the shells of snails and some other molluscs.
		He joined to these a spiral, two inches in diameter, which terminated in two branch pieces of unequal length, the longer of which, however, was twenty-five feet in height and the shorter only fifteen feet.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Spiral (268 words)

	spiral (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Spiral of Archimedes, a spiral the law of which is that the generatrix moves uniformly along the revolving line, which also moves uniformly.
		Spiral gear, or Spiral wheel (Mach.), a gear resembling in general a spur gear, but having its teeth cut at an angle with its axis, or so that they form small portions of screws or spirals.
		Spiral gearing, a kind of gearing sometimes used in light machinery, in which spiral gears, instead of bevel gears, are used to transmit motion between shafts that are not parallel.
	www.vocamania.com /spiral.aspx (1441 words)

	Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spiral was built to allow for a powered landing and go-around maneuver in case of a missed landing approach.
		Spiral was to have been protected by what Soviet engineers termed "scale-plate armour": individual steel plates hung from articulated ceramic bearings to allow for thermal expansion during reentry.
		Although Spiral itself never made it to the launch pad, it is rumoured that the design was reused and enlarged to build a piloted space interceptor known as "Uragan" in the 1980s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105 (1252 words)

	GPN-2002-000185 - Spiral, the Reusable Spaceplane
		The actual Spiral spaceplane is mounted on top of the carrier's fuselage backed by a two-stage cylindrical rocket at its base.
		Spiral was a combination of aviation and rocket technology, a three-component craft made of a hypersonic booster-aircraft, a booster rocket and orbital aircraft.
		Spiral was to be used for spaceborne reconnaissance, satellite inspection, and anti-satellite operations.
	grin.hq.nasa.gov /ABSTRACTS/GPN-2002-000185.html (176 words)

	Spiral OS
		In the orbital version, it would give the spaceplane a chance to 'go around' or divert to a secondary airfield in the event of bad weather or a missed approach (the US Shuttle was originally to have such engines, but they were dropped for weight reasons).
		An important characteristic of the Spiral was its large usable payload, two to three times greater than that of a conventional launch vehicle of the same mass.
		Although officially the Spiral spaceplane was cancelled, evidence remains that instead the project continued.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/craft/spiralos.htm (2115 words)

	Free spaceplane Links & Info
		This thesis looks at the exploration of new interface techniques associated with the design of a virtual spaceplane and is a subset of the overall virtual spaceplane effort which will assist researchers in determining the feasibility of a military spaceplane.
		A military spaceplane combining reliable access to space, high operational tempos, and multi-mission capabilities is in conceptual stages of development.
		The Virtual Spaceplane is a large scale virtual environment within which an immersed user commands a military spaceplane through atmospheric and orbital regimes to complete several simulated missions via an unconventional virtual interface.
	astronomy.encyclopediaeverything.com /astronomy/spaceplane.php (1616 words)

	Spiral
		The Pentagon insisted (and released artist's conceptions) by the mid-1980's that a version of Spiral was being developed as an interceptor for launch atop the new Zenit booster.
		However the Spiral design, studied by NASA in hypersonic wind tunnel tests in the 1980's, was so good that NASA adopted for its proposed HL-20 lifting body manned resupply proposal in the early 90's.
		Scaled-up Spiral to be launched by new Zenit launch vehicle, carrying Nudelmann recoilless gun (same as developed for TKS) for destruction of shuttle after interception and inspection.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/project/spiral.htm (1255 words)

	MiG 105-11
		Although the MiG 105-11 was designed by the bureau to be adapted directly into a manned orbital spaceplane for launch from a Vostok or Soyuz booster, the decision was taken to use the configuration but develop a larger manned orbital vehicle for launch from the Zenit booster or by other means (see Uragan and Bizan).
		The spaceplane itself was a flat-bottomed lifting body with a large upturned nose that earned it the nickname 'Lapot' (wooden shoe).
		The EPOS spaceplane made its first flight, taking off from an old dirt airstrip near Moscow, flying straight ahead to an altitude of 560 m, and landing at the Zhukovskii flight test center 19 km away.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/mig10511.htm (1575 words)

	Russian Aerospace Guide - Spiral Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Spiral was started about 1962 after proceeding work by Korolev and Myashashev into cruise missiles, boost-glide and orbital spaceplanes.
		Spiral was to be a X-20 size spaceplane (See comparison - 27K).
		The MiG special branch working on Spiral was transformed into the Molnyia NPO which later built the Buran orbiters.
	home.comcast.net /~rusaerog/spiral/spiral.html (423 words)

	Spiral OS
		It was abandoned in the 1970's in favour of the Buran, but development of the OS as a spaceplane to be carried aloft by less-ambitious subsonic launch aircraft continued, culminating in the MAKS design of the 1980's.
		This could be flown in a sub-orbital version at altitudes of 60 to 150 km and as an orbital aero-spaceplane at altitudes of 1000 to 3000 km.
		Since being assigned to the Spiral spaceplane project, he has become newly motivated and involved with the project.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/spiralos.htm (5452 words)

	Spiral Reusable Aerospace System - Spiral 50-50
		The Spiral Reusable Aerospace System (AKS) consisted of a Mothership (supersonic aircraft carrier) and an orbital manned spaceplane with a rocket booster.
		Spiral Reusable Aerospace System was authorised for development in 1965.
		In the first phase of operation the orbital spaceplane was going to be launched into Earth orbit by a Rocket, however this was not achieved.
	www.aerospaceguide.net /spaceplanes/spiral.html (262 words)

	Crew Exploration Vehicle
		However, it is likely that the CEV will follow the module and capsule design principles used in the Apollo, Gemini, Soyuz and Shenzhou systems, instead of the reusable spaceplane design principle used in the space shuttle system.
		Spiral Two: Early Lunar expedition spacecraft, capable of staying on the moon from several days to a week.
		Spiral Three: Mature Lunar expedition spacecraft, capable of extending human presence on the moon for up to three months.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/c/cr/crew_exploration_vehicle.html (682 words)

	Spiral main page
		The name came from the 2 components of the system: a hypersonic mothership aircraft and its single-seat orbital space-plane cargo.
		It was envisioned that the mothership would takeoff and when reaching 5.5 mach would release the spaceplane on a piggyback booster to attain orbit.
		While the mothership was never built, the Mig 105 Spiral (or "Lapot", meaning flat shoe) was constructed.
	www.deepcold.com /deepcold/spiral_main.html (154 words)

	- Chapter 1
		While the spaceplane was now in its maximum acceleration phase, the NIFTV was not only overtaking it but tracing a spiral twenty-plus miles in diameter about its course—literally running rings around it.
		As the NIFTV accelerated along its continuing spiral course, a white haze of more distant light appeared along the top edge of the screen, moving slowly down to blot out the starfield background.
		It grew until it became part of a vast band extending off the screen on both sides, losing the APU spaceplane in its brilliance as it became a background to it.
	www.baen.com /chapters/W200002/0671578669__1.htm (1241 words)

	Winged
		This manned spaceplane particularly fascinated Stalin, to the extent that he instructed the NKVD to attempt to kidnap Saenger from his post-war exile in Paris.
		The Spiral project was not cancelled with the decision to proceed with the large Buran spaceplane.
		The MAKS spaceplane was the ultimate development of the air-launched spaceplane studies conducted by NPO Molniya.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/lvfam/winged.htm (6511 words)

	Spaceplane - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Future orbital spaceplanes may take off, ascend, descend, and land like conventional aircraft, providing true single stage to orbit capability.
		The March 5, 2006 edition of Aviation Week and Space Technology published a story purporting to be 'outing' a highly classified US military two stage to orbit spaceplane system with the code name Blackstar, SR-3/XOV among other nicknames.
		The alleged system, using an XB-70-like first stage mothership, capable of mach 3, is said to launch a upper stage wave-rider spaceplane capable of carrying small payloads and crews near or into orbit or on skip-diving flights, ostensibly for reconnaissance and other missions, achieving surprise that cannot be attained by satellite.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spaceplane (766 words)

	Cradle of Saturn by James P. Hogan - Chapter 1 - Baen Books
		While the spaceplane was now in its maximum acceleration phase, the NIFTV was not only overhauling it but tracing a spiral twenty-plus miles in diameter about its course—literally running rings around it.
		As the NIFTV accelerated along its continuing spiral course, a white haze appeared along the top edge of the screen, moving slowly down to blot out the starfield background.
		It grew until it became part of a vast band extending off the screen on both sides, losing the APU spaceplane in its brilliance as it passed behind it.
	www.baen.com /chapters/cradle_1.htm (1255 words)

	AIAA - Aerospace America Online - RENAISSANCE FOR MILITARY SPACE - Advances in space systems are profoundly enhancing ...
		The evolution of DSP satellites is cited as an example of “spiral development,” in which aircraft and satellites improve upon their forerunners in the course of serial production.
		Spiral development of space systems is increasingly characterized by the upgrading of computer software rather than hardware.
		The Air Force has joined NASA in studying the feasibility of launching a manned or unmanned spaceplane into orbit as a capsule atop a Delta 4 or an Atlas 5, and exploratory contracts are expected to be awarded in the near future.
	www.aiaa.org /aerospace/Article.cfm?issuetocid=364&ArchiveIssueID=39 (2378 words)

	Project Constellation - Moon, Mars & Beyond - TrekUnited Forum
		By 2014, Spiral 1 gear will test crew transportation elements in Low Earth Orbit, in preparation for human missions to the Moon.
		After 2020, Spiral 3 gear will allow routine human long-duration missions on the surface of the Moon to test out technologies and operational techniques for sending humans to Mars and beyond.
		Missions in Spiral 3 will last up to several months, serving as an operational analog of short-stay Mars missions.
	www.trekunited.com /community/index.php?showtopic=5400 (8013 words)

	The Space Review: Cosmos unmasked: studying Soviet and Russian space history in the 21st century (page 1)
		Although Spiral was canceled, BOR-4 was launched during the early 1980s on a number of suborbital and orbital flights to test the thermal protection system for Buran, and was misinterpreted in the West as an entirely separate spaceplane program.
		Hendrickx showed some pictures of the small spaceplane that were taken by an Australian surveillance plane when the spacecraft splashed down in the Indian Ocean.
		The earlier photos were not as good, but the next opportunity the Australian aircraft crew flew extremely close to the Soviet recovery ship and got excellent pictures—as well as a protest from the Soviets about their reckless behavior.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/648/1 (2676 words)

	A Strategy for "Visualizing the Vision"
		To create this shared vision, I believe it is less important to choose a destination than it is to choose a spiral technology development path, leading to the design of a ship capable of reaching a variety of destinations.
		Imagine that this propulsion system evolves into a reusable “Lunar taxi” module, capable of delivering robotic and human explorers from the ISS complex to Lunar orbit and back on a bi-weekly basis, and even occasional manned missions to near-Earth asteroids.
		This could easily become the case for spaceplane technology, which I believe to be a key enabler for sustained manned operations in space.
	home.cfl.rr.com /bbloss/strategy.htm (695 words)

	NSSDC Master Catalog Display: Spacecraft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Cosmos 1517 was a Soviet subscale spiral spaceplane launched from Kapustin Yar.
		This spacecraft was used to investigate the hypersonic aerodynamic characteristics and heat shield materials of the manned Spiral OS lifting body, 1:3 and 1:2 scale models of the OS were to be built.
		After the cancellation of Spiral in favour of the Buran, BOR-4 subscale spaceplanes were used to test heat shield materials developed for Buran.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /database/MasterCatalog?sc=1983-125A (306 words)

	Defense Tech: Space Archives
		Spiral 2 will have more data fusion and more automated connections with space command and control systems.
		The idea of a giant spiral Hula Hoop, somewhat bigger than a football stadium and oscillating at about nine revolutions a second, may seem a bit radical to some people.
		So far, observed spaceplane landings have been reported at Hurlburt AFB, Fla.; Kadena AB, Okinawa; and Holloman AFB, N.M. The spaceplane is capable of carrying an advanced imaging suite that features 1-meter-aperture adaptive optics with an integral sodium-ion-sensing laser.
	www.defensetech.org /archives/cat_space.html (11738 words)

	NASA Crew Exploration Vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As new exploration elements necessary for future spirals are developed, they will be tested with the Spiral 1 CEV in the space environment to prepare for future exploration.
		Exploration Spiral Two (Extended Lunar Exploration) - Spiral 2 establishes the capability to conduct human exploration missions on the surface of the Moon for extended durations.
		Exploration Spiral Three (Long Duration Lunar Exploration) - Spiral 3 establishes the capability to conduct routine human long duration missions on the surface of the Moon to test out technologies and operational techniques for expanding the human presence to Mars and beyond.
	www.info-pedia.net /about/nasa_crew_exploration_vehicle (1022 words)

	Spiral (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		a spiral dive, a type of generally undesirable and accidental descent maneuver in an aircraft
		Spiral (figure skating): an obligatory element in figure skating.
		Spiral (TV series), a French thriller also broadcast on BBC Four in 2006
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spiral_(disambiguation) (155 words)

	Space and Science News: March 2006: 6
		For 16 years, Aviation Week & Space Technology has investigated myriad sightings of a two-stage-to-orbit system that could place a small military spaceplane in orbit.
		The most detailed image ever made of a spiral galaxy has been compiled from 51 Hubble Space Telescope images.
		It may shed light on the cause of mysteriously bright X-ray emissions in the galaxy and has already revealed a stellar nursery where no stars were expected to form.
	www.daviddarling.info /archive/2006/archiveMar06_6.html (950 words)

	Reusable Launch Vehicles - Russia and Space Transportation Systems
		In the initial concept, stages 1 and 3 could be recovered and reused, employing many of the techniques envisioned for the advanced Energiya booster (Reference 301).
		In the air-launched mode, the space-plane and a large propellant tank would separate from the An-225 at an altitude of nearly 10 km, and the spaceplane, using tri-propellant (liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen/ kerosene) RD-701 engines, would fly into a low altitude orbit.
		Alternative plans to launch the Molniya spaceplane atop an Energlya-M launch vehicle died along with that booster program.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/world/russia/reusable.htm (813 words)

	Russian Rocketplanes
		The story of rocketplanes and spaceplanes in the Soviet Union was one of constant setbacks due to internal politics, constant struggle with little result.
		This consisted of three components arranged in parallel: an RVK unmanned booster stage derived from the Buran spaceplane; a PTO expendable external propellant tank; and the OK-M1.
		The MAKS spaceplane was the ultimate development of the OK-M studies NPO Molniya conducted with NPO Energia.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/craftfam/ruslanes.htm (6024 words)

	Crew Exploration Vehicle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Instead of the reusable spaceplane used in the space shuttle system, the Crew module will be either a capsule similar to the one used in the Apollo, Gemini, Soyuz and Shenzhou systems, or a lifting body, similar to the X-38 and Kliper.
		The CEV will launch on an expendable launch system and carry Crew to low Earth orbit, and perhaps more ambitiously in the future to the Moon, Mars, and other destinations.
		Northrop Grumman associated with Boeing as subcontractor for the Spiral One, Alenia Spazio, ARES Corporation, Draper Laboratory and United Space Alliance
	crew-exploration-vehicle.area51.ipupdater.com (1264 words)

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