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Topic: Spiral Galaxy M61

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	Galaxies
		The Sunflower galaxy M63 is one of the early recognized spiral galaxies, listed by Lord Rosse as one of 14 "spiral nebulae" discovered to 1850.
		The pronounced grand-design spiral galaxy M81 forms a most conspicuous physical pair with its neighbor, M82, and is the brightest and probably dominant galaxy of a nearby group called M81 group.
		NGC 6946 is a rather nearby spiral galaxy, which at one time was suspected to be an outlying member of the Local Group (Hubble 1936).
	www.sitterson.net /fellows/GalaxyPics.htm (2964 words)

	What's Up - Deep Sky (May)
		M61 is a lovely spiral of type Sc, which means it's core is relatively small compared to the several spiral arms that surround it.
		M104 is a spectacular edge-on spiral galaxy which is the far southwestern corner of Virgo, some eleven degrees west of Spica.
		M104 is rated type Sa-Sb, and is magnitude 8.2 (the brightest galaxy in Virgo, and thus a good target for a first-time galaxy hunter).
	www.sciencecenter.net /whatsup/05/v-gal.htm (557 words)

	Messier Object 61
		M61 was discovered by Barnabus Oriani on May 5, 1779 when following the comet of that year, 6 days before Charles Messier's discovery, who had seen it on the same day as Oriani but mistaken it for the comet.
		M61 is one of the larger galaxies in the Virgo cluster; its 6 arc minutes of diameter correspond to about 100,000 light years, similar to the diameter of the Milky Way galaxy.
		Five supernovae have been observed in M61: 1926A (12.8 mag) was discovered by Wolf and Reinmuth, 1961I (mag 13, Humason), 1964F (mag 12, Rosino), 1999gn (13.4 mag, Dimai), and 2006ov (14.8 mag, Itagaki).
	www.seds.org /messier/m/m061.html (237 words)

	Galaxies
		Spirals, on the other hand, have retained much of their gas and are continuing to form stars.
		It has become apparent that collisions, both between galaxies themselves and between the fragments that conglomerated together to build galaxies, are important in the formation/evolution of galaxies.
		It seems almost certain, for example, that the giant elliptical galaxies seen at the centers of rich clusters formed as galaxies gradually accumulated at the center of the cluster's strong gravitational field.
	cassfos02.ucsd.edu /public/tutorial/Galaxies.html (1087 words)

	Shropshire Astronomical Society - Deep Sky Images page
		A 9th magnitude spiral galaxy in Coma Berenices.
		The brightest of the galaxies is roughly 13 mag.
		This relatively bright face on barred spiral galaxy M95 is to be found in Leo not far from M96.
	www.astro.cf.ac.uk /sas/galaxy.htm (1675 words)

	Sea and Sky's Astronomy Resources: Messier Objects M61 - M70
		This is one of the larger galaxies in the cluster, measuring in at about 100,000 light years in diameter.
		This galaxy is located about 37 million light years from Earth, and is part of a group of galaxies that includes M51.
		The galaxy's spirals are believed to have been deformed by close encounters with its neighbors.
	www.seasky.org /astronomy/astronomy_messier_61to70.html (990 words)

	The Galaxy Catalog - User Guide - 1
		Some are normal spirals, with a bulge in the center and spiral arms extending out from the central regions, and barred spirals where spiral arms originate from the tips of a straight bar, going through the center of the galaxy.
		Irregular galaxies, which account for about 5 percent of the galaxies we observe nearby, are forming, colliding, dynamically disturbed systems that do not fit in any of the other three categories.
		Among the 22 galaxies we have 16 spirals (M58, M61, M63, M65, M81, M88, M90, M91, M95, M96, M98, M99, M100, M104, M106 and M108), 4 ellipticals (M49, M59, M87 and M105), and 2 lenticulars (M84 and M86).
	www.astro.princeton.edu /~frei/Gcat_htm/cat_ug_1.htm (1649 words)

	APOD: September 22, 1998 - M61: Virgo Spiral Galaxy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		spiral arms, a central bar, dust lanes, and bright knots of stars.
		M61 was discovered by telescope in 1779 twice on the same day, but one observer initially mistook the galaxy for a comet.
		M61 takes about 60 million years to reach us.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap980922.html (115 words)

	TYING IT ALL TOGETHER: Visible Large Scale Galactic Structure
		The Milky Way galaxy has a flat disk shape (in roughly the proportions of two stacked CD disks) with a central bulge whose main part is about 7,000 light years (ly) in diameter.
		M61 has been cited as a galaxy that may be similar to the Milky Way in appearance.
		One of the main features of spiral galaxies which we observe are the dark lanes of dust which tend to line the inner edges of spiral arms.
	home.insightbb.com /~lasweb/lessons/milkyway.htm (3755 words)

	Utah Astronomy Gallery :: Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spiral arms may be seen in larger telescopes.
		This is the first galaxy in in which spiral structure was observed.
		(an elliptical galaxy in Virgo) is to the left of center and M60 with NGC 4647 is to the extreme left of the image.
	www.utahastronomy.com /view_album.php?set_albumName=Galaxies (279 words)

	More M61 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		CCD image of the Virgo Cluster spiral galaxy M61, from Greg Bothun of the University of Oregon.
		This CCD image of M61 was obtained by Bill Keel of the University of Alabama, with the 2.1-meter telescope of Kitt Peak National Observatory and a Tektronix 800x800 CCD camera, in the red light.
		M61 is one of the major members of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies.
	www.seds.org /messier/more/m061_more.html (299 words)

	M61: Virgo Spiral Galaxy
		Explanation: M61 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the nearby Virgo Cluster of Galaxies.
		Visible in M61 are a host of features common to spiral galaxies: bright spiral arms, a
		Recent observations of M61 have detected unpredicted high velocity gas moving in its halo.
	www.astronet.ru:8100 /db/xware/msg/apod/1998-09-22 (127 words)

	M61 - Spiral Galaxy in Virgo (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		At a distance of 60 million light years, we see the beautiful spiral galaxy M61 as it was just after the dinosaurs became extinct on Earth.
		It is one of the larger galaxies in the remarkable Virgo cluster.
		To the left of M61 is NGC 4303A.
	www.machunter.org.cob-web.org:8888 /hap_m61.html (112 words)

	M61 - NGC4303: Spiral Galaxy
		M61 is a face on barred spiral galaxy discovered by Barnabus Oriani in 1779, and independently discovered and catalogued by Charles Messier, also in 1779.
		Messier had seen it on the same day as Oriani, but thought it was a comet.
		It is one of the largest members of the Virgo cluster, about the same size as our own Milky Way galaxy.
	www.r-clarke.org.uk /messier/m61.htm (100 words)

	Galaxy Quest
		The core of M86 was not as bright as M84 and the galaxy itself seems a tad bigger.
		This was followed by an observation of M99, a face on spiral galaxy.
		M61 is a face on galaxy with the spiral structure barely visible in my 8" telescope.
	www.mindspring.com /~jeffpo/galquest.htm (1477 words)

	Cosmic Voyage-The Online Resource for Amateur Astronomers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		M61 is a 9.7 magnitude SBc-type galaxy in Virgo.
		This barred spiral is located 1.2 degrees north of 5.0 magnitude 16 Virginis.
		The sketch at left records a bright stellar nucleus and just the subtlest hint of spiral structure in my 10-inch Starfinder.
	www.hometown.aol.com /billferris/m61.html (65 words)

	Deep Space
		Some amateurs have seen hints of its spiral structure in a 4" telescope but from Manchester it was practically invisible in the 10" which shows the effect of light pollution.
		NGC7331 is a type Sb spiral galaxy in the constellation of Pegasus.
		M 33 (NGC 598) is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Triangulum.
	www.zen32156.zen.co.uk /deep_space.htm (675 words)

	M-61, Spiral Galaxy
		M-61 is a nearly face-on spiral galaxy with a small bar.
		M-61 may belong to the class of galaxies with active nuclei known as Seyfert galaxies.
		A rather unusual effect is seen in the spiral structure of this galaxy.
	www.kopernik.org /images/archive/m61.htm (430 words)

	Galaxies
		This is a 2 frame mosaic of the center of the galaxy.
		I was impressed that the spiral structure of the galaxy could be made out and it is a much cleaner image than the one of M65 taken just moments before.
		M81 is the lower spiral galaxy and M82 is the upper irregular that appeared as a thin ghostly line.
	www.dharmaworks.net /Astronomy/galaxies.html (1047 words)

	: The Milky Way :
		As a galaxy, the Milky Way is actually a giant, as its mass is probably between 750 billion and one trillion solar masses, and its diameter is about 100,000 light years.
		Therefore, out galaxy has both a pronounced disk component exhibiting a spiral structure, and a prominent nuclear reagion which is part of a notable bulge/halo component.
		These globular clusters are strongly concentrated toward the Galactic Center: From their apparent distribution in the sky, Harlow Shapley has concluded that this center of the Milky Way lies at a considerable distance (which he overestimated) in the direction of Sagittarius and not rather close to us, as had been thought previously.
	www.hupaa.com /Data/P00131.php (620 words)

	Utah Skies Astronomy Resource \| The Amateur Astronomer's Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Known as The Virgo Cluster of Galaxies, this area is home to almost a dozen Messier galaxies in Virgo alone.
		M59 is the galaxy to the lower left of the image.
		This is another of the giant galaxies located near the heart of the Virgo Cluster.
	www.utahskies.org /deepsky/constellations/virgoMain.html (1366 words)

	Dr. DarkMatter
		Far-Ultraviolet and H-alpha; Imaging of Nearby Spiral Galaxies: The OB Stellar Population in the Diffuse Ionized Gas (2001)
		VI - The spiral galaxy NGC 2683 (1985)
		Gas-rich Galaxies in the Pegasus I Cluster of Galaxies (1982)
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~dkmatter (1893 words)

	Messier Object 61 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		As for a small number of others, this object was assigned an own number, H I.139, by William Herschel, who normally avoided to give own numbers to Messier's objects.
		Three supernovae have been observed in M61: 1926A (12.8 mag), 1961I (mag 13), and 1964F (mag 12).
		The Supernova 1961I appeared in the spiral arms, about 82" from the center, and was photographed by the Lick observatory, see e.g.
	www2.arnes.si /~gljsentvid10/messier/M061.HTM (187 words)

	Messier 61 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Messier 61 (also known as M61 or NGC 4303) is a large spiral galaxy of type SABbc in the Virgo Cluster.
		At approximately 100,000 light-years in diameter, M61 is one of the larger members of the Virgo Cluster, and is about the same size as the Milky Way Galaxy.
		Five supernovae have been observed in this galaxy, most recently in 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spiral_Galaxy_M61 (113 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Galaxies Measuring a galaxy A typical spiral galaxy like M99 (shown as image 6) contains one hundred thousand million stars like our own Sun, some smaller, some larger and some similar in size to our Sun.
		The thickness of a galaxy The Sombrero Galaxy in image 8 is almost edge on to us, so that we can see clearly the disc of dust that runs through its centre.
		The reason that step (c) underestimates the true angle of tilt is that the galaxy has a finite thickness, so that when it is tilted it looks rounder than a flat circle would when tilted by the same amount.
	www.faulkes-telescope.com /uploads/downloads/JPEG_scale_with_viewer.doc (2143 words)

	M 61 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		M61 was discovered by Oriani on May 5, 1779 when following the comet of that year, 6 days before Charles Messier's discovery, who had seen it on the same day as Oriani but mistaken it for the comet.
		Messier observed M61 on May 11th, 1779 " Anebula that is very faint and difficult to see.
		Messier (speaking of himself) realized it was not the comet, but a nebula that happens to lie on its path and at the same point in the sky." Charles Messier from his
	www.messiermarathon.com /new_page_67.htm (181 words)

	The Utah Skies Report
		Against a stunning backdrop of thousands of galaxies, this odd-looking galaxy with the long streamer of stars appears to be racing through space, like a runaway pinwheel firework.
		Dubbed the "Tadpole," this spiral galaxy is unlike the textbook images of stately galaxies.
		Numerous young blue stars and star clusters, spawned by the galaxy collision, are seen in the spiral arms, as well as in the long "tidal" tail of stars.
	www.utahskies.org /report/20020503/20020503weekly.html (4879 words)

	Spiral Galaxy NGC 4303 (M61) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The image has been rebinned to 512x512 for this presentation, which uses a logarithmic intensity transformation to preserve information across a wide dynamic range.
		This galaxy shows a wealth of features, ranging from the bar with dust lanes emerging from the central bulge to numerous bright associations of young stars farther out in the arms.
		Only the inner part of the galaxy was included in this image, which was taken as part of a study comparing star formation in galactic nuclei to the same process as it occurs in spiral arms.
	www.astr.ua.edu /gifimages/m61r.html (140 words)

	Spiral Galaxy M61 - Free net encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Spiral Galaxy M61 (also known as Messier Object 61 or NGC 4303) is a large spiral galaxy of type SABbc in the Virgo Cluster.
		Image:M61 3.6 5.8 8.0 microns spitzer.png At approximately 100,000 light years in diameter, M61 is one of the larger members of the Virgo Cluster, and is about the same size as the Milky Way Galaxy.
		Four supernovae have been observed in this galaxy, most recently in 1999.
	www.netipedia.com.cob-web.org:8888 /index.php/NGC_4303 (127 words)

	Supernova 1999gn in M61 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Italian amateur astronomer Alessandro Dimai of Cortina (Italy) has discovered a supernova in the famous spiral galaxy Messier 61 in the Virgo Cluster; the fourth hitherto observed in this galaxy.
		SN is superimposed on the bright arm, and on the location there is somewhat dim condensation on DSS image.
		This supernova peaked at about mag 14 in late December 1999; measurements were given at about 14.9 on December 20, 1999 and 13.4 on December 25, 1999, 16.0 on January 1, 2000.
	messier.obspm.fr /more/m061_sn99gn.html (261 words)

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