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Topic: Spiral Tunnels

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	Spiral Tunnels - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When the Spiral Tunnels of the Canadian Pacific Railway were opened to traffic in August, 1909, they were hailed as one of the engineering wonders of the day.
		The problem was solved by creating two spiral tunnels into the two mountains to gain the track length needed to reduce the grade to an acceptable degree.
		These problems were aggravated by water seepage through the rock crevices which hampered progress on the downgrade ends of the tunnels and the high altitude (~1500 m or 5000') and severe winter weather that compounded the already adverse conditions under which the navvies worked.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spiral_Tunnels (566 words)

	Spiral (railway) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A spiral is a hill climbing technique for railways when the topography rises faster than the train is able to climb.
		Unless the topography has a suitably shaped hill, the spiral is likely to be entirely in tunnel, creating problems if steam locomotives are the form of traction employed.
		With steam engines, and to a lesser extent with diesel engines, the gradient in the tunnel should be less than the ruling grade to avoid problems with fumes and dampness causing the driving wheels to slip.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spiral_(railway) (380 words)

	What is Civil Engineering ? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The tunnel is fully instrumented to monitor the exact position of a train as well as the ventilation conditions.
		The west end of the tunnel had to be reinforced with steel and concrete because the rock was too soft and brittle.
		The Spiral Tunnels were CP's first attempt to halving the grade by doubling the mileage and they achieved this in 1909 by building the two tunnels and reducing the grade from 4.5% to 2.2%.
	www.eng.ucalgary.ca /CSCE-Students/structural_tunnels.htm (471 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The spirals can be performed in the kind of thread (spiral) tunnels that allow lifting of big quantities of water on the highest distances from the working shaft and the collector.
		The invention from the claim 1 is characterized by that that after the filling of the pipes, hoses or tunnels of the spiral pipeline with liquid, it spills through the ends into the collector.
		The invention from the claim 7 is characterized by that the other kind of spiral can have rectangular cross section of the pipe, hose or tunnel providing that it remains with equal surface along the whole length of the spiral, while the dimensions of rectangular width and high are different.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/72881.030904&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2458 words)

	Yoho National Park, British Columbia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The fascinating Spiral Railway Tunnels are visible from an overlook on the Trans-Canada Highway between the town of Field and the summit of the pass.
		The two Spiral Tunnels were built so as to increase the length of the railway track in its ascent of the pass, so easing the gradient considerably.
		The road is paved at least to the spiral tunnel viewpoint.
	freespace.virgin.net /john.cletheroe/usa_can/natparks/yoho.htm (636 words)

	TSB Reports - Rail 1996 - R96C0086
		Towards the Upper Spiral Tunnel, the locomotive engineer was controlling train speed in independent mode by applying the air brakes on the train and by using the dynamic brakes on the head-end locomotives.
		In the event of a train stopping in the Upper and Lower Spiral Tunnels (miles 128.8 and 131.0), it may be necessary for the train crew to enter the tunnel during adverse atmospheric conditions (from the exhaust of the diesel locomotives).
		It determined that the cost of repeaters in tunnels to remove the short communications outages in Locotrol could not be justified and that the equipment design is adequate to compensate for the short outages under normal circumstances.
	www.bst.gc.ca /en/reports/rail/1996/r96c0086/r96c0086.asp?print_view=1 (4200 words)

	Welcome to Brian’s Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Spiral Tunnels, he based his design on similar tunnels on the St. Gotthard Railway in
		With the addition of the two tunnels, the distance between Hector and Field was doubled, but the grade was reduced to 2.2%.
		westbound intermodal that had been holding on a siding above the upper spiral tunnel rumbled downgrade through the woods below the viewpoint on its way to the lower spiral tunnel.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~bbowman/train/Articles.html (569 words)

	Yoho National Park, British Columbia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The fascinating Spiral Tunnels are visible from an overlook on this road.
		The Spiral Tunnels were built so as to increase the length of the railway track in its ascent of the pass, so easing the gradient considerably.
		There is a model at the Spiral Tunnels overlook which shows the somewhat complex layout of the railway tracks.
	www.grouptravels.com /usa_can/natparks/yoho.htm (185 words)

	Spiral tunnels - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Look for Spiral tunnels in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Spiral tunnels in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for Spiral tunnels in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/spiral_tunnels (145 words)

	River deep, mountain high - Travel
		I learn that the lower spiral is 2922 feet long (or 890 metres - here, everything remains firmly in imperial measure), turns through 230 degrees and emerges 56 feet higher than it entered.
		Add wildlife-spotting to that mix and sometimes all three are there in a flashing tourist snapshot, a tiny trio of treasures: a protected osprey sitting on a great, oversized nest it has constructed on a trackside telegraph pole, with a background of a hazy, glacier-fed lake.
		But, by now, we are truly in railway mode and, after spiral tunnels, siding 29 seems somehow more appropriate than a Canadian mountain town named after a Scottish fishing village.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2003/10/03/1064988389249.html (1184 words)

	The KICKING HORSE RIVER "Great Canadian Rivers"
		Its chance discovery by the esteemed geologist James Hector, and its subsequent role in the construction of the Spiral Tunnels, one of the world's greatest engineering marvels, have both contributed to its legendary reputation.
		The Spiral Tunnels were completed in 1909, doubling the distance between Hector and Field, and reducing the grade by almost half, to 2.2%.
		The tunnels continue to be used today as part of the CPR mainline, and are the only tunnels of their kind in North America.
	www.greatcanadianrivers.com /rivers/kicking/history-home.html (1288 words)

	Spiral Tunnels
		From the east, the track enters Tunnel No. 1, 3,206 feet in length, turns under Cathedral Mountain at an angle of about 250 degrees on a 573 foot radius, passes under itself and emerges at the opposite portal 54 feet lower.
		Tunnel No. 2, under Mount Ogden, has a similar radius through an angle of 232 degrees; it is 2,890 feet long and the grade produces a difference in elevation of about 45 feet between portals.
		The two tunnels are a perfect maze, for the railway doubles upon itself twice and forms a rough figure “8” in shape.
	www.samlindsey.com /Logging/Spiral_Tunnels.asp (306 words)

	Model Railroading-Wolverine Lynx Railroad
		Recently, all the tunnels were cleared to allow for double stacks to operate on the railroad.
		BNSF 725 exiting the lower tunnel of the upper spiral tunnel.
		Lower Spiral Tunnel (1.3 MB) CNW SD60 leads a train into the lower spiral tunnel (bottom of screen) and exits the tunnel at the right side of the screen.
	www.acs.ucalgary.ca /~keay/wlxhist.html (2207 words)

	Railway Tunnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Inspired by the Chicago Tunnel Company, it was in operation from 1927 until 2003.It ran east-west from Paddington London postal district in the west to the London postal district at Whitechapel in the east, a distance of 6.5 miles (10.5 km).
		When the two ends of the tunnel were joined underground there was found to be less than 5cm (2in) error in their alignment.
		The 5th longest railway tunnel in New Zealand is the 2989 m long Tikiwhata tunnel between Wairoa and Gisborne opened in 1943.
	www.railwaytunnel.info (1580 words)

	Fodor's Travel Guides \| Forums Messages
		I am spending 2 days around Field at teh end of May and was interested in the Spiral Tunnels Guesthouse but I got the rates for that today and it was $150 (taxes included) vs. only $111 (before taxes) at Emerald Lake Lodge.
		Spiral Tunnels sounds like it's more accessible (and has a kitchen)which would help defray the difference in cost.
		Spiral Tunnels is a good two person small apartment in the home of Karla and John Gaffney.
	www.fodors.com /forums/pgMessages.jsp?fid=29&tid=34752539&numresponses=7&start=0 (1174 words)

	Columbia River Trip - Days 13-14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Around 1902 the CPR dug two tunnels, the “spiral tunnels”, that allowed the trains to execute two switch backs under the mountains.
		Lower and to the left is another tunnel entrance with tracks heading down the far wall of the canyon.
		The other spiral tunnel is opposite the one we could see and not visible from the road.
	home.comcast.net /~billdiane2/ColumbiaRiver01/day13-14.html (996 words)

	Fodor's Travel Guides \| Forums Messages
		Spiral Tunnels Guesthouse is where I have stayed the last 3 summers and the facilities there struck me as being very comfortable.
		It is named that because of the famous Spiral Tunnels built by the railroad to help trains traverse Kicking Horse Pass.
		Spiral Tunnels guesthouse is easy to find with convenient parking, and it is close to Emerald Lake, Lake Louise, Takkakaw Falls, Lake O'Hara trail head, and the start of the fabulous Iceline Trail.
	www.fodors.com /forums/pgMessages.jsp?fid=29&tid=34568283&numresponses=3&start=0 (1440 words)

	Kicking Horse Pass, Alberta and British Columbia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This model is on display at the Spiral Tunnels overlook on the Trans-Canada Highway in Yoho National Park, British Columbia.
		The train can then be seen entering the lower spiral tunnel (in the distance and not easy to spot from the overlook at first).
		It then passes through the upper spiral tunnel (but I couldn't make out the entrance or exit of the upper tunnel from the road).
	freespace.virgin.net /john.cletheroe/usa_can/pictures/00322.htm (294 words)

	Itinerary 17 days trans Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Today’s highlights include Craigellachie where the last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway was driven, the climb over Rogers Pass, the Kicking Horse Canyon, the Spiral Tunnels a remarkable feat of railroad engineering, and of course the glaciers and snow-capped peaks of the Canadian Rockies.
		Among the attractions are the Spiral Tunnels, Emerald Lake and a natural rock bridge that spans the Kicking Horse River.
		Today’s highlights include the Continental Divide, the Spiral Tunnels a remarkable feat of railroad engineering, the Kicking Horse Canyon, Rogers Pass, Craigellachie where the last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway was driven and of course the glaciers and snow-capped peaks of the Canadian Rockies.
	www.snowbirdrail.com /itinerary_17_days_trans_canada.htm (1541 words)

	Field, British Columbia, Canada : A Travel Guide to Field BC and Yoho National Park : A map of Field, and history of ...
		Construction on the Spiral Tunnels began in earnest in 1907, driving the trains through two loops deep inside the mountains and reducing the slope of the descent to 2.2%.
		The Spiral Tunnels are in use to this day, and easily accessible viewpoints are a popular destination for visitors to Yoho National Park.
		Field is the ideal place for outdoor adventure, mountain photography, and wildlife viewing.
	www.field.ca /about (825 words)

	Anachronox walkthrough - solution
		Follow the tunnels until you find a man with brown trousers and a limp walking around.
		Cachepence when you are ready to proceed, and she will move up the spiral staircase.
		Go down the spiral staircase on your right, and run to the right-hand corner in front of you to exit the area.
	www.the-spoiler.com /ACTION/Eidos/anachronox.1.html (21215 words)

	Working on the Railroad -- in the Victorian Age
		However, another item that the exhibit didn't mention was that the men constructing the tunnels most likely had $1.50/day for boarding deducted from their pay, plus something like $4.00/week deducted for the fare for transporting them to the site – which was customary at the time.
		In general, the tunnels at Kicking Horse Pass proved to be a good solution to the problem of run-away trains, but did by no means eliminate them altogether.
		The grade on this portion of the line is still so steep that the mile-long trains (100 cars with an average capacity of 120 tons each) that are being run there are equipped with six locomotives to pull them, three at the beginning of the train and three in the middle.
	www.fathersforlife.org /hist/railroad4.htm (571 words)

	FRIENDS of Great Salt Lake - Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The sculpture consists of four concrete tunnels that are laid out on the desert floor in an open X configuration, 86 feet long on the diagonal.
		Each tunnel is 18 feet long and has an outside diameter of 9 feet, 2.5 inches, and an inside diameter of 8 feet.
		The tunnels are aligned with each other and with the angles of the rising and setting of the Sun on the days of the solstice, around June 21st and December 21st.
	www.xmission.com /~fogsl/research/2004issuesforum.html (4367 words)

	BC Rockies - Field BC - Kicking Horse Pass
		Just 29 Km (18 mi.) from the western boundary of Yoho National Park and just off Hwy 1 is the small town of Field.
		The Spiral Tunnels finally replaced the "temporary" route after 25 years.
		The train then exits the 890m (.553 mi.) circular tunnel, crosses under the highway, and enters a 992m (.616 mi.) circular tunnel in Cathedral Crags.
	www.bctravel.com /se/field.html (332 words)

	Mountain West Rail - August 10th railfanning.
		It was a westbound manifest led by a newer SD90MAC, CP 9149, in the new Canadian Pacific "Beaver" paint scheme.
		We arrived at the Spiral Tunnels with plenty of light but no trains showed up until the sun had set.
		This is the same westbound, led by CP 9149, gliding through Cathedral siding which is located between the Spiral Tunnels.
	www.mtnwestrail.com /roadtrip/aug1099.htm (426 words)

	Banff & surroundings
		The train comes down the right of the valley, under the road (not built), up through the trees, into the upper tunnel, out again then into the lower tunnel and finally emerges down the left hand side of the valley.
		The Upper Spiral is under Cathedral Mountain, 3,255 feet long and rises 56 feet.
		The same train can now be seen in the upper part of this photo, between tunnels, and the front emerging at the bottom.
	www.billogs.com /cb/banff.htm (236 words)

	Rail Travel Canada - Canadian Rockies Highlights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Beyond Craigellachie is Rogers Pass with its tunnels, glistening glaciers, and snow capped-mountains.
		Among the points of interest are the Spiral Tunnels, Emerald Lake and a natural rock bridge that spans the Kicking Horse River.
		Today's highlights include the Continental Divide, the Spiral Tunnels, the Kicking Horse Canyon, Rogers Pass, Craigellachie where the last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway was driven and of course the glaciers and snow-capped peaks of the Canadian Rockies.
	www.adventurelinktours.com /rail/5-9_day_train/6day_rockies_highlights.htm (1038 words)

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