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Topic: Spiral of silence

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	Spiral of silence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The spiral of silence is a political science and mass communication theory propounded by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann.
		Published in Noelle-Neumann's book The Spiral of Silence : Public Opinion - Our Social Skin, the theory asserts that a person is less likely to voice an opinion on a topic if one feels that one is in the minority for fear of reprisal or isolation from the majority.
		One way to combat the spiral of silence is to designate an individual within the group to be the devil's advocate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spiral_of_silence (315 words)

	AEJMC Archives -- November 2004, week 3 (#71)
		But it also appears that a substantial spiral of silence existed on the U.S. side of the Atlantic divide, as evidenced by the widespread assumption that the U.S. was homogeneously "pro-biotech" and possibly fueled in part by subtle differences in the press coverage not fully captured in previous content analysis research.
		In other words, silence may represent apathy; even where differences of opinion exist yet minority opinion appears largely invisible, as is arguably the case in the U.S. for biotechnology during the 1990s, a spiral of silence is not the only available explanation.
		Spiral of silence theory does not claim to predict opinion change, but it is still reasonable to assume that those who are never exposed to counterarguments or the existence of controversy will not be likely to form strong opinions in opposition to a technological development, especially in a culture that is generally pro-science and pro-technology.
	list.msu.edu /cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0411c&L=aejmc&F=&S=&P=11982 (5134 words)

	Spiral of Silence
		Explanation of the Spiral of Silence of Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann.
		The Spiral of Silence method from Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann is a model which explains why people are unwilling to express their opinions in public when they believe that they are in the minority.
		The spiral of silence model describes the increasing pressure which people are noticing to conceal their views, when they think that they are in the minority.
	www.12manage.com /methods_noelle-neumann_spiral_of_silence.html (495 words)

	Spiral of silence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Spiral of Silence is an innovative theory of public opinion, developed by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann.
		The phrase "spiral of silence" actually refers to how people tend to remain silent when they feel that their views are in the minority.
		Noelle-Neumann blames the spiral of silence on fear of isolation.
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~cw619696/spiral.htm (340 words)

	Methods
		This is one of the measures used to determine the spiral of silence effect.
		This is one of the measures used to determine the spiral of silence.
		This is the primary measure of determining spiral of silence.
	www.ou.edu /deptcomm/dodjcc/groups/03C1/method.htm (2164 words)

	SPIRAL OF SILENCE vs SHPERE OF SILENCE
		“Spiral of silence” should not be confused with the “spiral of science” or the “sphere of science,” which are not theories at all.
		Neumann’s original spiral of silence dealt with Nazi Germany, but for my purposes here, retribution is not as severe as it was under Hitler.
		According to the spiral of silence theory, such people in the minority will help produce stability over time and are actually good for the issue.
	workingpapers.org /writings/spiral_silence.htm (766 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Spiral of silence focuses on the spread of public opinion (Griffin, 1997).
		Spiral of silence suggests that whether you are friends with a person or not affects whether you will share your opinion.
		Spiral of silence, on the other hand, focuses not on groups of people, but on society as a whole.
	www.lasalle.edu /~dainton/comp.html (612 words)

	Spiral of Silence Theory- Mass Communication Context
		Spiral of Silence believes that there is fate- opinions are dependent on the majority opinion of the group.
		The Spiral of Silence theory is a scientific theory that for the most part is quite sound in situations in which opinions are not of great consequence.
		The Spiral of Silence is useful to apply in situations when trying to explain why people cover up or change their opinions when in a group setting especially when they think they are alone in their opinions.
	www.uky.edu /~drlane/capstone/mass/spiral.htm (518 words)

	Spiral Nature - Spirituality - Thelema - Silence
		It would not be possible to enumerate the common errors: nay, it may be said that to think of it at all is in itself an error; for its nature is Pure Being, that is to say, Nothing, so that it is beyond all intellection or intuition.
		But Silence in the vulgar sense is not the answer to the Riddle of the Sphinx; it is that which is created by that answer.
		It is impossible for inspiration itself to sound a dithyramb of Silence; for each new aspect of Harpocrates is worthy of the music of the Universe throughout Eternity.
	www.spiralnature.com /spirituality/thelema/silence.html (699 words)

	SPIRAL Project: Home Page
		The goal of SPIRAL is to push the limits of automation in software and hardware development and optimization for digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms and other numerical kernels beyond what is possible with current tools.
		Our flagship is the SPIRAL code generation system, which, entirely autonomously, generates platform-tuned implementations of signal processing transform such as the discrete Fourier transform, discrete cosine transform, and many others.
		SPIRAL comprises an interdisciplinary team of researchers in the areas of signal processing, scientific computing, compilers, computer architecture, machine learning, and mathematics.
	www.spiral.net (560 words)

	Mark Melara's Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The "spiral of silence" comes into play whereby the majority (the predicted winners) openly and self- confidently defends their convictions, leaving those in opposition left out.
		Though much of the first three chapters dealt with survey tests and validating the idea of the spiral of silence and one of its primary causes, fear of isolation, I felt it was necessary to comprehend the later chapters defining public opinion.
		Furthermore, the spiral of silence can be regarded as the "reaction to openly visible approval and disapproval among shifting constellations of values" (Neumann, 64).
	web.syr.edu /~mamelara/spiral.html (1766 words)

	The Spiral Of Silence
		Welcome to the phenomenon known as the spiral of silence as understood through the ideology of public opinion.
		Defined plainly, the spiral of silence describes the "silencing" of a group that perceives its opposing group as the majority opinion.
		Noelle-Neumann explains stating, "[T]he spiral of silence is a reaction to changes in the climate of opinion.
	web.syr.edu /~dsfleisc/spiralofsilence.html (1959 words)

	Communication Theory: A First Look
		According to Noelle-Neumann, the fear of isolation is the centrifugal force that accelerates the spiral of silence.
		Her summary of the theory reveals that they are indeed caught in a spiral of silence.
		For example, University of Wisconsin researchers Carroll Glynn and Jack McLeod discovered evidence that bolsters a spiral of silence interpretation of Ronald Reagan’s surprising landslide victory referred to at the start of the chapter.12Noelle-Neumann suggests that portions of the spiral of silence have been recognized by philosophers and social historians throughout the last few centuries.
	www.afirstlook.com /archive/spiral.cfm?source=archther (3836 words)

	Noelle-Neumann Article -- Palmiste Critique (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The spiral of silence process is driven by a fear of isolation, which overrides the worth of our own judgment (p.
		While Noelle-Neumann’s surveys generally support her hypotheses of the spiral of silence phenomenon in the (Western German) society, several aspects of the theory have been criticized by later researchers.
		First, it is not clear what factors drive the spiral of silence process in a society.
	www.unc.edu /courses/2000fall/jomc245-001/palmiste_critique_1.html (807 words)

	myLargescale.com Forums - The Spiral of Silence - reducing burner noise - All About Your Garden Railroad & G Scale ...
		The Spiral of Silence - for Maxwell Smart, R.I.P. What - A spiral of steel wool is installed in the flue to muffle the sound of the burner.
		The spiral design allows burned gasses to escape to the smokebox, while still intercepting most of the sound waves.
		Attach the end of the wool to one of the hooks (squeeze shut to secure the wire), and wrap the rest of the wool around the spiral.
	www.mylargescale.com /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=33982 (1028 words)

	Spiral of Silence .com
		Spiral of Silence in JH The Noodle, Beernem, Belgium.
		Spiral of Silence and Red Zebra in concert.
		Spiral of Silence at "De Ster", Cultureel Centrum Willebroek, 17h
	users.skynet.be /fa340314/live.htm (210 words)

	Spiral of Silence Research Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		When the group was asked simple questions concerning the relative lengths of the lines (for example, "Which of these lines is longest?"), the individual under study was faced with having a majority of people blatantly contradict what his own senses were telling him to be true.
		The result of this conflict was that, as the spiral of silence theory would predict, nearly one third of all the individuals gave "wrong" answers that matched what everyone else in the group was responding.
		Overall, I view the tests as a good start, but hardly a complete test of the spiral of silence theory.
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~eg515298/spiral.htm (662 words)

	SPIRAL OF SILENCE
		The spiral of silence demonstrates why people are unwilling to express their opinions (publicly) when they are not believed to be in the majority.
		The minority that remains at the end of a spiral of silence process in defiance of threats of isolation.
		"Spiral of Silence: Expressing opinions when the climate of opinion is ambiguous." Political Communication 16 (APR-JUN 99).
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Speech/rccs/theory09.htm (823 words)

	cmm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Spiral of Silence is a model of why people are unwilling to publicly express their opinions when they believe they are in the minority.
		I wish him well, but if the public becomes displeased with him the Spiral of Silence will strike his supporters once again.
		Noelle-Neumann, E. The theory of public opinion: The concept of the Spiral of Silence.
	www.orst.edu /instruct/theory/spiral.html (322 words)

	Funprox.com » Reviews by artist
		Spiral of Silence consists of a group of musicians who have been playing together for more than ten years.
		Their music was in the new wave / cold wave vein of Joy Division, but there are also some goth rock influences.
		After the suicide of one of the band members they changed their name to Spiral of Silence…
	www.funprox.com /index.php/reviews-by-artist/?bn=Spiral+of+Silence (79 words)

	LORA Resource Information
		Spiral of Silence may be used by the general public.
		For technical assistance accessing Spiral of Silence, please contact the Library Systems Office.
		For questions on using Spiral of Silence, please contact a librarian.
	www-lib.ou.edu /eresources/LORA/resourceinfo.asp?id=17527 (48 words)

	NLGJA \| Readings & Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		“Homosexuals and the Military: An Analysis of the Spiral of Silence,” by Gonzenbach, William J.; King, Cynthia and Jablonski, Patrick (1999).
		“A Cross-cultural Test of the Spiral of Silence Theory in Singapore and the United States,” by Waipeng Lee; Detenber, Benjamin H.; Willnat, Lars; Aday, Sean and Graf, Joseph (2004).
		“Individual-Level Predictors of Public Outspokenness: A Test of the Spiral of Silence Theory in Singapore,” by Willnat, Lars; Lee, Waipeng; and Detenber, Benjamin H. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 14(4): 391 (Winter).
	www.nlgja.org /education/theory.html (279 words)

	VDARE.com: 07/20/03 - Blast from the Past: Spiral Of Silence
		VDARE.com: 07/20/03 - Blast from the Past: Spiral Of Silence
		All of which, Lynch argues, has induced a classic “spiral of silence,'' whereby people assume their doubts are not shared and suppress them, thus mutually intimidating each other.
		But in fact opinion polls show quotas are overwhelmingly unpopular, even with the “protected classes'' themselves.
	www.vdare.com /pb/spiral_of_silence.htm (1204 words)

	Public Opinion - Our Social Skin - The spiral of silence
		This site provides information on the theory of public opinion as ist has been developed by Prof.
		The theory became widely known by the name of one of it's parts, the spiral of silence.
		The translation of more information-pages is in progress.
	www.spiral-of-silence.net (53 words)

	References
		the gulf war: Framing, priming, and the spiral of silence.
		Noelle-Neumann, E. The theory of public opinion: The concept of the spiral of
		Shamir, J. Speaking up and silencing out in face of a changing climate of opinion.
	www.ou.edu /cas/deptcomm/dodjcc/groups/03C1/references.htm (382 words)

	T-Salon: Google News and the Spiral of Silence
		"As the media's coverage of the majority opinion becomes the status quo, the minority becomes less likely to speak out," according to a mass communication theory known as Spiral of Silence.
		But you have also created, whether intended or not, a spiral of silence; or the opportunities for truth to surface and for people to speak out their minds.
		I might have overcharged Google for causing a spiral of silence - since there isn't much credible news from China's based media outlets to begin with.
	www.t-salon.net /2004/09/google-news-and-spiral-of-silence.html (872 words)

	Find in a Library: The effect of personality on the spiral of silence process
		Find in a Library: The effect of personality on the spiral of silence process
		The effect of personality on the spiral of silence process
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/2c2eb2b092556e43a19afeb4da09e526.html (61 words)

	Shop A&E and The History Channel : Test Tube Zoo / Spiral of Silence DVD
		At the Cincinnati Zoo's Center for Reproduction of Endangered Wildlife, a battle is being waged, and the stakes are higher than life or death.
		With a team of geneticists, Dr. Mary Claire King has isolated a single gene responsible for their affliction.
		In SPIRAL OF SCIENCE, join Host Bill Kurtis to explore what this discovery may mean for the future of genetics and humanity.
	store.aetv.com /html/product/index.jhtml?id=74861 (265 words)

	GotBlack Forums - Powered by XMB
		GotBlack Forums » Goth News » SPIRAL OF SILENCE (B) Printable Version
		posted on 16-6-0303 at 07:04 PM (spiral of silence) has released their new single "ECHO".
		GotBlack Forums » Goth News » SPIRAL OF SILENCE (B) Powered by XMB
	forums.gotblack.com /viewthread.php?tid=828 (91 words)

	The spiral of silence
		A BJP insider said: "Who are the Americans to tell us about our security concerns?" But when the Americans told us to reform our economy and "integrate", the BJP had no problems.
		But on the nuclear front, there has been only shameful silence.
		The Buddha had challenged the violence-prone Brahminical order.
	www.expressindia.com /ie/daily/19980516/13650034.html (575 words)

	Spiral of Silence Theory
		Explanations > Theories > Spiral of Silence Theory
		People will be unwilling to publicly express their opinion if they believe they are in the minority.
		Watch out for being maneuvered into a corner.
	changingminds.org /explanations/theories/spirals_silence.htm (219 words)

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