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Topic: Spirit duplicator

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Hectograph

Fanzine

	Spirit duplicator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A spirit duplicator (also referred to as ditto machine or Banda machine) was a low-volume printing method used mainly by schools and churches.
		The spirit duplicator was invented in 1923 by Wilhelm Ritzerfeld.
		Spirit duplicators were inexpensive and well suited to the short runs useful for school worksheets or church newsletters.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spirit_duplicator (613 words)

	The Dead media Project:Working Notes:40.8
		This is called a "spirit duplicator," and not a mimeograph, although mimeograph was the generic term for several distinct devices.
		The Hectographic or "gelatin" duplicator, according to one source, "originally applied to a process which involved transferring the material to be copied from a sheet upon which it had been written with a special ink to a pad made from a mixture of gelatin, glycerin, and sometimes glue."(Doss, 1955, p.
		The spirit duplicator master consisted of a smooth paper master sheet and a "carbon" paper sheet (coated with a waxy compound similar to that used in the hectograph) acting "backwards" so that the wax compound (we'll call it the "ink") was transferred to the back side of the master sheet itself.
	www.deadmedia.org /notes/40/408.html (1459 words)

	Hectograph - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The hectograph or gelatin duplicator is a printing process which involves transfer of an original, prepared with special inks, to a pan of gelatin or a gelatin pad pulled tight on a metal frame.
		However, it also was used in professional situations; in Macy's advertising department during the 1950s and 1960s, ad layouts were duplicated on a hectograph to make file copies for future reference.
		Before the popularization of spirit duplicators and the mimeograph, there were mechanized hectography machines which used a drum, rather than a simple flat pan of gelatin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hectograph (367 words)

	Cassette Tape Duplicator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Spirit duplicator 1: aphic copiers starting in the 1970s; few spirit duplicator s remained in use by 1985, although they remai 3: The spirit duplicator was invented in 1923 by Wilhelm Ritzerfeld] 5: The duplicator used two-ply "spirit masters" or "ditto masters".
		9: Spirit duplicator s were inexpensive and well suited to the short ru 15: Mimeograph machine s predated the spirit duplicator, and had lower cost per impression and much bette
		Duplicating machines 7: g ''Mimeograph machine'' ''stencil duplicator '' 11: '''Ditto machine''' (spirit duplicator) used "ditto masters" that were two sheets toge
	www.witchware.com /File/37239-Cassette.Tape.Duplicator.Html (587 words)

	spirit -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Numerous outpourings of the Spirit are mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles, in which healing, prophecy, the expelling of demons (exorcism), and speaking in tongues (glossolalia) are particularly associated with the activity of the Spirit.
		Usually used as a blending agent in other products, neutral spirits may be diluted with water, bottled, and sold directly as long as a minimum strength of 80 proof is maintained.
		in Jewish legend, demon or evil spirit; symbol of uncleanliness; in ancient rites of Yom Kippur sins of Jewish people were transferred to scapegoat who was sent into the wilderness to the evil spirit and thrown to its death; described in later rabbinic writings as fallen angel.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9069163 (733 words)

	A Brief History of Pre-Electronic Printing
		Twentieth-century spirit duplicators (such as "Ditto") were a later outgrowth of the hektograph and much easier to use.
		The spirit duplicator was invented in 1923 by Wilhelm Ritzerfeld, founder of the Ormig Company in Germany.
		The spirit duplicator master consisted of a smooth paper master sheet and a paper sheet, coated with a waxy compound similar to that used in the hektograph, acting backwards so that the wax compound was transferred to the back side of the master sheet itself.
	www.goines.net /Writing/hist_pre_electr_printing.html (3654 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Still, the spirit of the work is just as strong today as when it was first published, and a failure to understand a few random bits of esoterica won't lessen your enjoyment.
		Now I will show you something of its inner essence." With those words she touched his forehead with her other wand, which was named Fanac, and Jophan saw a second vision so glorious that he was quite overcome by the wonder of it.
		He was, therefore, pleasantly surprised to see on rounding a bend that a number of people were gathered on the bank and had just succeeded in rescuing the Neofan from the clutches of the torrent.
	www.dcs.gla.ac.uk /SF-Archives/Misc/The-Enchanted-Duplicator (15142 words)

	METHANOL EXPOSURE AMONG SCHOOL WORKERS DURING SPIRIT DUPLICATOR USE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A study of methanol exposures among school workers while operating spirit duplicating machines was conducted.
		Material safety data sheets showed that the methanol content of the duplicating fluids used in the machines at the schools was 99.85 to 100%.
		The authors recommend that schools provide local exhaust ventilation with enclosures for the spirit duplicating machines and post warning signs about the potential hazards of methanol adjacent to areas where the machines are used.
	infoventures.com /osh/abs/educ0003.html (371 words)

	Hectograph - TheBestLinks.com - Fanzine, Duplicating machines, Mimeograph, Spirit duplicator, ...
		The hectograph or gelatin duplicator is a printing process which involves transferring from an original sheet prepared with special inks to a gelatin pad.
		The special aniline dyes for making the master copy came in the form of ink or in pens, pencils, carbon paper, and even typewriter ribbon; the pencils and pens are sometimes still available.
		The process also lent itself to small runs of fanzines in the earlier 20th century.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Hectograph.html (343 words)

	Trufen.net \| On Topic: Origins of fandom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		When the carbon of the master is activated by contact with a thin film of Ditto fluid on slick paper, as it is in the spirit duplicator process, it can produce a few hundred copies with the same relative ease as a mimeo.
		Where simple multi-colored fanzines were desired, the spirit duplicator (also known generically as a Ditto, which is actually a brand name) was vastly superior, for reasons already noted.
		Both mimeos and spirit duplicators were office machines, but the new ones were becoming cheaper and, following the war, even electric mimeos (motorized rather than hand-cranked) were easier to find second hand.
	trufen.net /fandom/05/01/03/0915255.shtml (2216 words)

	Repeat-O-Type Spirit Duplicating Supplies
		The duplicator wicks do not dry out between uses, and because of Duplisafe's anti-corrosive nature, the fluid feeder tubes and pumps will not clog.
		Repeat-O-Type's plastic spirit fluid container is approved by the New York City Board of Standards and Appeals under Cat.
		Repeat-O-Type Thermal Spirit Masters are designed to be used with all one-step thermal (infrared) copy machines.
	repeatotype.com /spirit.html (546 words)

	Design Issues: A Brief History of Pre-Electronic Printing
		This in turn harks back to a simpler process of authentication: in China, a contract was written in duplicate on a piece of bamboo, which was then broken in half, and one half retained by each party.
		Twentieth-century spirit duplicators (such as the Ditto) were a later outgrowth of the hectograph and much easier to use.
		A spirit duplicator master was capable of making up to 500 copies before the image became too faint.
	www.commarts.com /CA/coldesign_d/davL_175.html (4482 words)

	Tom Trusky-Hectographic Printing-Making The Master
		This method uses ìdittoî or ìspiritî masters, items some may recall being used on mimeograph machines, precursors of the ìXeroxî machine.
		This portion of the hecto saga, then, begins with the haps and mishaps of ditto master hecto printing in the spring and fall of 2001.
		"Spirit Duplicator" carbons (one UK trade name is 'Banda').
	english.boisestate.edu /ttrusky/makemaster.html (521 words)

	Spirit Duplicators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Our Spirit Duplicators are distinctively designed and economically priced to meet your duplicating needs.
		An ideal solution for the short-run requirements of single page duplicating either in fl or multi-colored formats for any school institution or business.
		Spirit duplicators are efficient and easy to use.
	www.filmsourceinc.net /spirit_duplicators_31_ctg.html (635 words)

	Free From Every Chain of Sin, Galatians - Southern Hills
		I was just thinking about the changes that have taken place in the field of duplication since I've been doing church work.
		I started out with an old spirit duplicator that printed everything in some pretty awful looking purpose ink.
		What do you think would happen if we announced to the secretaries, "We're getting rid of your new copier and going back to spirit duplicators." I think we would probably be looking for new secretaries very shortly.
	www.allaboutfamilies.org /sh/gal3b.html (611 words)

	Spiller's:
		It began as Harlan F. Spiller Co., Inc., in 1964 and its principal line was the Ditto duplicator and supplies.
		The duplicating technology changed rapidly and the firm became a Gestetner dealership in 1968 and entered the stencil duplicator market.
		He noted that the company's capability in large-scale duplication processes is also of interest to artists and hobbyists.
	www.sunjournal.com /specialsection/profile04/20040929214.php?DirID=123 (696 words)

	Reflections on Educational Technology Development
		Rather than invoking serendipodous wonder, the strand on Educational Technology is recalled with fond memories of excitement, awe and purple hands.
		The foul-tempered spirit duplicator, with its methylated spirits and purple ink was ‘State of the Art’ in it’s day.
		It would be somewhat difficult to replicate this with a spirit duplicator and a 16mm film projector.
	warriorlibrarian.com /CURRICULUM/edtech.html (1973 words)

	Mimosa 15, pages 8-10. "The Tower" by Dave Rike (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It's sometime in 1954 (or was it 1955) and Dave Rike is sitting before his decrepit Underwood model 5 typer, with a spirit duplicator master unit rolled up on the platen.
		He had bought a flatbed spirit duper from Larry Anderson in Billings, Montana, the founder of WAPA, the Whimsical Amateur Press Association, and one of the first persons to use a 'micro-elite' 17 pitch typer in fmz fanac.
		Within a year or so he was able to acquire a better typer that could cut stencils and more legible spirit masters and a hand-fed spirit duper from Sears & Roebuck, besides learning how to better use his mimeo to do more than put out crudzines.
	www.jophan.org /mimosa/m15/rike.htm (1721 words)

	South Jersey RC&D Council, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It has 24 spirit duplicating activity masters, 4 full-color transparencies, and this 16-page teacher's guide.
		Then attach it to the drum of a spirit duplicator and run the desired number of copies.
		Objectives and suggested activities for getting students actively involved in the learning process are printed on the non-reproducing side of each spirit master.
	www.sjrcd.org /ce/CSpart1.htm (4847 words)

	DUPLO/The On-Demand Digital Printing/Finishing Solution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Shima started a company that produced the first spirit duplicator.
		From duplicating to finishing systems, Duplo has been synonymous with being the only manufacturer dedicated to the production of a complete line of on-demand printing and finishing equipment.
		Duplo is attributed as the leader in providing innovative collating, bookletmaking, perfect binding, trimming, folding, cutting, printing/duplicating, bursting, and creasing solutions in the print marketplace.
	www.duplousa.com /about_us (285 words)

	A word from Roy Thomas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It was called Alter-Ego (yep, with a hyphen) then, and was the first real super-hero comics fanzine, devoted to the secret-identity stalwarts of the past, the then-present, and the now-past future (if you follow my meaning).
		It was just a little thing, printed on a spirit duplicator, and I was sort of assistant editor and major contributor.
		And a couple of lady friends of mine dressed up in costume from time to time to pose as the "spirit" of the fanzine.
	www.heroicpub.com /alterego/royword.asp (654 words)

	[No title]
		Turkish Delight Duplicator Recipe Copyleft Steve & Jenny Glover, 1993,1995 We still use a "Turkish Delight" duplicator for small print run stuff (apa contribs, small con newsletters of the informal persuasion) and security printing (Postscript output -> ghostscript -> 9 pin printer -> coloured Banda paper --> unduplicatable tickets for whisky tastings etc).
		Anyway, here's Jenny's recipe (as obtained from a friend of a friend of a 'freedom fighter' who apparently used to run across the veldt duplicating leaflets with one hand and scattering them with another...) You will need.
		Sheets of good quality typing paper (laser printer or photocopying paper will do quite well) for the master copies "Spirit Duplicator" carbons (one UK trade name is 'Banda').
	www.boston-baden.com /smofs/hecto.recipe (810 words)

	Gary Ramseyer's Archives of Statistics Fun(Mirror)
		WHEN the spirit duplicator ("ditto") machine made you appreciate the dangers of glue sniffing and had you begging for a box of latex gloves to protect your hands from the purple plague.
		WHEN nonparmetric tests which were the rage of the 1950's were likened to the discovery of penicillin and forced you to question even the most minute violation in the assumptions of parametric tests and subsequently toss many t or F-tests on the junk heap.
		Since this term is the probability of no duplicates, our task is to determine the value of N that will cause this probability to be as large as possible without exceeding.50.
	www.ilstu.edu /~gcramsey/FunArchives.html (7893 words)

	Print on Demand: Duplo USA Celebrates Its 25th Anniversary
		Duplo USA emerged in the United States as an assembly plant for the spirit duplicator and sorter, now offers an extensive line of top-quality, paper handling equipment.
		In 1979, Duplo USA emerged in the United States as an assembly plant for the spirit duplicator and sorter.
		Since then, generations of Duplo duplicators have evolved and penetrated the school and church markets.
	www.printondemand.com /MT/archives/002148.html (576 words)

	Rocketry Memorabilia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		I picked Midwest Rocketeer #6 to start with because it had a plan "Inked by Al" of one of his infamous swing-wing gliders, the Little Eagle XP2.
		A little historical value here, since the spirit duplicator master was done in his hand.
		Other items in the issue were some old NAR info, and info on the then up-and-coming WISCON-2 which in light of us sponsoring NARCON, I found interesting.
	www.wooshrocketry.org /memorabilia.htm (137 words)

	TJ-2: A Very Early Word Processor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This document uses the Netscape text color attribute TEXT="#400060" to suggest the light purplish color of the actual memo, which was reproduced by means of a spirit duplicator.
		This memo was obviously produced with TJ-2, but most of the other memos in the same series were not.
		This was an IBM electric typewriter to which a company called Soroban Engineering had added switches and solenoids capable of sensing and initiating keystrokes.
	world.std.com /~dpbsmith/tj2.html (2283 words)

	[No title]
		Teachers are great innovators of technology — first we mastered the chalk and slate, the pen and ink, the ‘Roneo’ ink duplicator, the intoxicating ‘Banda’ spirit duplicator, and now the computer.
		Using the slate and duplicator needed no lifestyle change; they were firmly rooted in the school environment, and when you got home you could escape them.
		Not so the computer; it incites you to change your lifestyle with regard to your work and your leisure time, so that you really need a system at work and at home.
	www.cix.co.uk /~lmoss/publications/whydoteachershateICT.doc (910 words)

	(TechInfo) AN EVALUATION OF SCHOOL WORKER EXPOSURE TO METHANOL... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		AN EVALUATION OF SCHOOL WORKER EXPOSURE TO METHANOL FROM SPIRIT DUPLICATOR USE.
		Spirit duplicators are commonly used by teachers and teaching assistants for school copying needs.
		This citation is from the TechInfo Database maintained by the Illinois Waste Management and Research Center (WMRC) at the University of Illinois with funding from the USEPA Region V.
	es.epa.gov /p2pubs/techpubs/4/13994.html (64 words)

	Crown of Trinkets, 2004
		I mixed down Spirit Duplicator on the old "cans"--which fuzzed out whenever presented with any bass frequencies whatsoever--and I wonder what sort of changes the new Grado SR60's would have made.
		In case you were not aware, I am frequently online with a certain pee-too-pee program whose name may or may not paraphrase as "to search for the vital spirit" under the nickname "kalechomper" and I encourage you to download things.
		The original Spirit Duplicator was actually released (in condensed/mutilated form) as Birdlike Movements, available now!
	www.tapemountain.com /trinkets6.html (15613 words)

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