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Topic: Spiritus asper

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	Spiritus asper - Definition, explanation
		The spiritus asper ("rough breathing") or dasy pneuma (Greek: dasu, δασύ) is a diacritical mark used in Greek.
		The spiritus asper merely notes the presence of an initial consonant [h], which cannot be written otherwise when it is not initial: thus stands for humnos, "hymn", and for hrêtôr (or rhêtôr), "orator".
		When a word begins by an initial grapheme which is a vowel not preceded by an [h], the spiritus lenis ("soft breathing") is employed.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/s/sp/spiritus_asper.php (301 words)

	Spiritus asper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The spiritus asper ("rough breathing"), dasy pneuma (Greek: dasu, δασύ) or dasia (Greek: δασεῖα), is a diacritical mark used in Polytonic orthography.
		It is placed over the initial vowel or, in the case of an initial diphthong, over the second vowel.
		In Latin transcription of Semitic languages, especially Arabic and Hebrew, a symbol similar to the spiritus asper, ʿ, U+02BF, is used to represent the letter ayin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spiritus_asper (334 words)

	spiritus asper Information Center - spiritus asper
		The spiritus asper ("rough breathing") or dasy pneuma (Greek: dasu, δασύ) is a diacritical mark used in Greek.
		The spiritus asper merely notes the presence of an initial consonant [h], which cannot be written otherwise when it is not initial: thus ὕμνος stands for humnos, "hymn", and ῥήτωρ for hrêtôr (or rhêtôr), "orator".
		When a word begins by an initial grapheme which is a vowel not preceded by an [h], the spiritus lenis ("soft breathing") is spiritus asper employed.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Linguistic_Topics_R_-_T/spiritus_asper.html (292 words)

	Lexikon Spiritus asper
		Der Spiritus asper sieht aus wie ein sehr kleines „c“ und steht über dem anlautenden Vokal – oder über dem zweiten Vokal eines anlautenden Diphthongs – bei einem in der Aussprache mit H anlautenden Wort.
		Jedes in der Schrift mit einem Vokalbuchstaben beginnende altgriechische Wort erhält entweder den Spiritus asper oder den Spiritus lenis – niemals keinen, niemals beide.
		Mit Ypsilon beginnende Worte tragen mit Ausnahme weniger Lautmalereien immer den Spiritus asper, bei allen anderen Vokalen kommt beides vor.
	lexikon.freenet.de /Spiritus_asper (502 words)

	Spiritus asper - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		The spiritus asper ("rough breathing") or dasia pneumata (Greek: daseía, δασεία) is the mark of an initial aspiration in ancient Greek.
		The spiritus asper merely notes the presence of an initial consonant [h], which cannot be written otherwise when it is not initial: thus ὕμνος stands for humnos, "hymn", and ῥήτωρ for hrêtôr (or rhêtôr), "orator".
		When a word begins by an initial grapheme which is a vowel not preceded by an [h], the spiritus lenis ("soft breath") must be employed.
	www.music.us /education/S/Spiritus-asper.htm (460 words)

	asper - definition by dict.die.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		asper n : 20 aspers equal 1 kuru
		asper rough.] Rough; rugged; harsh; bitter; stern; fierce.
		[L. spiritus asper rough breathing.] (Greek Gram.) The rough breathing; a mark ([asper]) placed over an initial vowel sound or over [rho] to show that it is aspirated, that is, pronounced with h before it; thus "ws, pronounced h[=o]s, "rh`twr, pronounced hr[=a]"t[=o]r.
	dict.die.net /asper (82 words)

	The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Spirit
		A ghost is usually conceived as a wandering spirit from a being no longer living, having survived the death of the body yet maintaining the mind and consciousness.
		In religion and spirituality, the respiration of the human being has for obvious reasons been strongly linked with the very occurrence of life.
		Also in theological terms, the individual human "spirit" (singular lowercase) is a deeply situated aspect of the soul subject to "spiritual" growth and change; the very seat of emotion and desire, and the transmitting organ by which human beings can contact God.
	book-of-thoth.com /thebook/index.php/Spirit (744 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Spiritus asper
		The spiritus asper ("rough breathing"), dasy pneuma (Greek: dasy, δασύ) or dasia (Greek: δασεῖα), is a diacritical mark used in Polytonic orthography.
		It is placed over the initial vowel or, in the case of an initial diphthong, over the second vowel.
		In Latin transcription of Semitic languages, especially Arabic and Hebrew, a symbol similar to the spiritus asper, ʿ, U+02BF, is used to represent the letter ayin.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Spiritus_asper (359 words)

	Akzente & Spiritus
		Der spiritus asper ῾ wird als -h- gesprochen.
		Der spiritus lenis ᾿ bleibt bei der Aussprache unberücksichtigt.
		Weiterhin erhält jedes mit -ρ- anlautende Wort den spiritus asper.
	www.graecum.net /03.html (319 words)

	spiritus_asper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It indicates initial aspiration, in other words that the word began with the consonant [1] in Ancient Greek.
		It has been dropped in the modern monotonic orthography as the [3] sound has disappeared from Modern Greek.
		In Latin transcription of Semitic languages, especially Arabic and Hebrew, a symbol similar to the spiritus asper,, U+02BF, is used to represent the letter ayin.
	www.viagraville.com /wiki/?title=Spiritus_asper (299 words)

	Griechisches Alphabet - Wikipedia
		Später entwickelte sich daraus der Spiritus asper, ein diakritisches Zeichen, das wie ein hochgestelltes kleines c aussieht und über dem anlautenden Vokal steht.
		In Analogie zum Spiritus asper wurde später der Spiritus lenis, der die Form eines spiegelverkehrten Spiritus asper hat, für einen vokalischen Anlaut ohne [h] entwickelt.
		Spiritus asper (῾): ὕδωρ hydōr („Wasser“), ῥυθμός rhythmos („Rhythmus“), Ἕλλας Hellas („Griechenland“)
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Griechisches_Alphabet (3141 words)

	Introductory Lesson to Ancient Greek
		The inward bent high comma is called "spiritus asper" and this comma has a pronounciation, namely the "h" sound.
		The spiritus is normally placed in writing like this: when the beginning word in a sentence starts with a capital vowel, the spiritus is placed in front of the capital vowel, unless this capital vowel is part of a diphthong.
		In that case, the spiritus is placed over the second vowel in the diphthong.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/575874 (835 words)

	Dedicated to Hrant Papazian
		He applies the same special diacritical mark (nor dieresis, neither hungarumlaut, probably a derivation of spiritus asper) for both.
		A hazai irodalomban az „e” betûnek ismerik fel ezt a jelet, azonban sokkal inkább védhetõ az az álláspont, miszerint a görög szedésbõl már megszokott mellékjelrõl van szó, ami talán leginkább a spiritus asperhez hasonlít.
		Just as if it were a Greek influence (as above with spiritus asper), the double-acute is substituted by a dieresis and acute in the middle (dieresis-tonos, Trema-Acut, etc.).
	www.font.hu /hrant.html (439 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The spiritus asper ("rough breathing"), dasy pneuma (Greek: dasy, Î´Î±ÏÏ) or dasia (Greek:), is a diacritical mark used in Polytonic orthography.
		It indicates initial aspiration, in other words that the word began with the consonant [1] in Ancient Greek.
		In Latin transcription of Semitic languages, especially Arabic and Hebrew, a symbol similar to the spiritus asper,, U+02BF, is used to represent the letter ayin.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=spiritus_asper (318 words)

	inarcious and inaquation and inaquate and invination and impanation
		On another occasion I wrote on the Latin root "asper," which means rough, harsh, coarse or unrefined.
		Though inasperate stresses more the bitterness of the person or reaction, asperate only means "to make rough or uneven in surface, rugged or harsh in sound," such as in the 1858 quotation: "No opposition [could] asperate his voice.
		The Latin phrase "spiritus asper" means "rough breathing" and is meant to describe a feature of classical Greek where an "h" sound is added to a word beginning with a vowel if there is a "rough breathing" sign over it.
	www.drbilllong.com /Prefixes/Inasperate.html (453 words)

	Wichtige Lautgesetze
		Bei der Negationspartikel οὐ steht vor Vokalen mit spiritus lenis -κ-, vor Vokalen mit spiritus asper -χ- als beweglicher Guttural (z.
		Die stimmlosen Verschlusslaute -κ-, -π- und -τ- werden vor spiritus asper assimiliert und zu den entsprechenden aspirierten Verschlusslauten -χ-, -φ- und -θ- umgebildet (z.
		Diese entspricht dem Zeichen des spiritus lenis und steht über der betroffen Silbe.
	www.graecum.net /06.html (694 words)

	Re: LUTE-etymology
		alpha (spritus asper)- lambda - iota - epsilon - ypsilon - tau - iota - kappa - alpha > And what is the HA, there is no "h" as a character.
		that little left-curved apostrophe which is put above an initiating vowel, called spiritus asper.
		In txt-format, Greek characters are not possible, so the spiritus has to be transcribed, and there you are: halieutika, fishing tools.
	www.mail-archive.com /lute@cs.dartmouth.edu/msg09353.html (132 words)

	Spiritual Beings :: Religion and Spirituality : Gourt
		Spiritual Beings :: Religion and Spirituality : Gourt
		The English word "spirit" comes from the Latin spiritus, meaning "breath" (compare spiritus asper), but also "soul, courage, vigor", ultimately from a PIE root *(s)peis- ("to blow").
		A brief description of what a spiritual being can be.
	society.gourt.com /Religion-and-Spirituality/Spiritual-Beings.html (170 words)

	Definition of Asper from dictionary.net
		we found 3 entries for the meaning of asper
		(Greek Gram.) The rough breathing; a mark ([asper]) placed over an initial vowel sound or over [rho] to show that it is aspirated, that is, pronounced with h before it; thus "ws, pronounced h[=o]s, "rh`twr, pronounced hr[=a]"t[=o]r.
		Define asper and 150,000 other words at dictionary.net
	www.dictionary.net /asper (71 words)

	Spirit
		# In religion and spirituality, the respiration of the human being has for obvious reasons been strongly linked with the very occurrence of life.
		# Spirits are often visualized as being interconnected to all others and The "Spirit" (singular capitalized) refers to the theories of a unified spirituality, universal consciousness and some concepts of Deity.
		# Also in theological terms, the individual human "spirit" (singular lowercase) is a deeply situated aspect of the soul subject to "spiritual" growth and change; the very seat of emotion and desire, and the transmitting organ by which human beings can contact God.
	www.artistopia.com /spirit (867 words)

	rough breathing: Definition and Much More from Answers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In ancient Greek, a word beginning with the sound (h) plus a vowel or diphthong.
		It indicates initial aspiration, in other words that the word began with an [h] sound in Ancient Greek.
		The spiritus asper or dasia is part of the traditional polytonic orthography for Greek, and in this context is encoded as Unicode U+1FFE.
	proxies.gr /nph-proxy.cgi/010110A/http/www.answers.com/topic/rough-breathing (468 words)

	Alphabet Used For Transcription
		In ts'h it is separated from ts by the Greek spiritus asper ', in order to prevent this letter from being pronounced as t and sh.
		Accents have been, however, introduced in geographical names only; in the other native words I have limited myself to distinguishing the quantity of the syllables which are long.
		', the Greek spiritus lenis I used for rendering the Tibetan soft aspirate; in this I followed the advice of Prof.
	www.sacred-texts.com /bud/bit/bit02.htm (442 words)

	Griechisch Übersetzungen durch Griechisch Übersetzer Muttersprachler
		Die aus der hellenistischen Zeit stammenden Akzente und Symbole für Hauchlaute wurden noch bis in die jüngste Zeit verwendet.
		Der Akzent Gravis, der Akzent Zirkumflex sowie die Hauchzeichen Spiritus asper und Spiritus lenis wurden am 29.
		In der griechischen Schriftsprache gibt es seitdem nur noch den Akzent Akut, der die Betonung einer Silbe anzeigt.
	www.fachuebersetzungen.de /Griechisch/griechisch.html (823 words)

	Sprache
		In der griechischen Schrift gibt es keinen Buchstaben für den Konsonanten h (das wie ein deutsches H aussehende Eta ist ein Vokalbuchstabe).
		Als ab der Spätantike zunehmend nicht-Muttersprachler und Sprecher von Dialekten ohne einen solchen Laut die klassische Aussprache schulisch erlernen mussten, wurde der h-Laut am Wortanfang durch einen Spiritus asper angedeutet, der Knacklaut dagegen durch einen (Spiritus lenis); im modernen Griechisch (das keinen h-Laut mehr hat) wurden diese Zeichen vor einigen Jahrzehnten schließlich abgeschafft.
		Weitere Zeichen, wie das Digamma oder das Qoppa existierten in der ältesten Form des griechischen Alphabets, aber nach lautlichen Änderungen im Griechischen wurden sie nur noch wegen einer gewünschten Zahlzuordnung vereinzelt weiter verwendet.
	www.peloponnes-info.de /html/sprache.html (245 words)

	Shibli Zaman's Inconsistencies
		Most transliteration systems render the spiritus asper (rough breathing) with an "h".
		The spiritus lenis is usually not transliterated.] In any case, whenever one sees an h in the middle of a transliterated Greek word, it comes either after the letter p, i.e.
		it is "th" representing the Greek letter "theta" (θ) [the transliteration of "rho" is usually just "r" without an "h" despite the spiritus asper].
	www.answering-islam.org /Responses/Zaman/inconsistency.htm (4498 words)

	[B-Greek] Which spiritus on IEROUSALHM
		Dear list, With excuses for the following technical question, but I need a bit of inspiration.
		Most modern editions print a spiritus asper on Jerusalem: hIEROUSALHM.
		Back in the 19th century this was not common at all, Westcott and Hort explicitly choosing for the spiritus lenis (Intro to NT in Grk, 331).
	lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/b-greek/2004-June/030438.html (177 words)

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