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Topic: Spirochete

Related Topics

Spirochaete

Flagellum

Bacteria

Evolution of flagella

Humoral immunity

Bacterium

Lyme Disease

Monera

Kingdom (biology)

Scientific classification

Gram positive

	* Spirochete - (Disease): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Congenital syphilis is an infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum (syphilis) passed from mother to child during fetal development or birth.
		Lyme Disease is an infection caused by the spirochete bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi.
		We study Treponema pallidum, the spirochete bacterium that causes syphilis, and Trypanosoma cruzi, the protozoan that causes Chagas disease in Latin America...
	www.bestknows.com /disease/spirochete.html (467 words)

	CDC - Vector Interactions and Molecular Adaptations of Lyme Disease and Relapsing Fever Spirochetes Associated with ...
		The Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by the slow-feeding ixodid tick Ixodes scapularis, whereas the relapsing fever spirochete, B.
		Spirochete numbers are reported to increase >300- fold during this feeding period, increasing from a mean of 496 spirochetes in unfed nymphs to 166,575 at 72 hours after attachment (12).
		Piesman J. Dispersal of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi to salivary glands of feeding nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol8no2/01-0198.htm (5376 words)

	Explore the Microscopic World of Health Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Borrelia burgdorferi is a spirochete which is the causative agent of Lyme disease, the most common tick-borne disease in the United States.
		The reservoirs for the spirochete are the white-footed mouse and the white-tailed deer.
		Transmission is accomplished by the bite of infected deer ticks.
	www.wadsworth.org /databank/borreli.htm (182 words)

	Lyme disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The spirochete has been found in certain flying insects, such as deer flies and mosquitoes, but studies in animals suggest that these insects are not efficient transmitters of the organism.
		The 3 primary foci of Lyme disease in the United States are along the northeastern coast from Massachusetts to Maryland, in the midwest in Wisconsin and Minnesota, and on the west coast in California and Oregon.
		In a study of pregnant white-footed mice, all of whom were infected with the spirochete, there was an absence of transplacental transmission of the spirochete to their offspring.
	oldlymect.com /Lymedis.htm (3574 words)

	Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy On Lyme Disease
		The spirochete B. burgdorferi is a microaerophilic organism carried by the Deer tick (Ixodid) and transferred to humans and other mammals by its bite.
		It was shown by Austin that the spirochete could not survive if transferred in air to another host, but would survive if transferred in a gas mixture of 4% oxygen.
		This demonstrated that the spirochete could not survive in an oxygen partial pressure of 160-mm Hg (the partial pressure of oxygen in air), but could survive in a partial pressure of 30-mm Hg (which is the partial pressure of 4% oxygen at 1 atmosphere, absolute (ground level pressure).
	www.cincinnatihyperbarics.com /lyme_disease.html (985 words)

	Search Results for spirochete - Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Syphilis follows infection with the spirochete Treponema pallidum as a result of sexual contact with an infected individual or infection of the fetus in utero.
		It is caused by a spirochete, Treponema pertenue, that is structurally indistinguishable from T. pallidum, which causes...
		Syphilis is caused by the bacterial spirochete Treponema pallidum.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=spirochete&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (371 words)

	University of South Florida, Division of Comparative Medicine, Lyme Disease
		Lyme disease is a multisystemic disorder associated with infection with a spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi.
		Birds have been found to be infected with the spirochete; however, their role as potential reservoirs is poorly defined.
		In this manner, bird migrations may have a role in the expansion of the geographic range of the spirochete by depositing infected ticks in nonendemic areas.
	www.research.usf.edu /cm/Lyme_Disease.htm (881 words)

	1999 LDF Conference Abstract
		The discovery in the fall of 1981 of a new tick-borne spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi) sensu stricto, as the long sought cause of Lyme disease in the United States and in Europe signaled the beginning of a new era in the research of arthropod-borne spirochetes.
		Successful isolation and culturing of spirochetes from vectors, hosts, and patients, the use of immunochemical stains, and the application of transmission and scanning electron microscopy provided the means to reevaluate certain biologic aspects of spirochetes including their development in vitro an in vivo.
		Recent studies have shown borrelial spirochetes to be directly present in the degenerative synovial surface deposits and in relatively high numbers as compared to the underlying sub-synovium in patients with Lyme synovitis prior to antibiotic therapy.
	www.lyme.org /conferences/99_abstract.html (8374 words)

	lyme disease information page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lyme Disease is caused by an infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, and is transmitted by the bite of infected Ixodes
		The spirochetes look and act like tiny corkscrews, spinning and drilling their way into the tissues of the body.
		Even with all the spirochete and cyst forms of Lyme disease destroyed, the patient is still left with repairing the tremendous damage left behind by the Lyme disease spirochete.
	www.rife-machine.com /lyme.htm (471 words)

	Urban Entomology [Ebeling Chap. 9 part 3] Pests Attacking Mand and His Pets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Relapsing fever is caused by host-specific spirochetes (slender, spirally undulating bacteria).
		The spirochetes are transmitted from one generation of ticks to the next through the egg, thence to the host by the tick's bite or by fecal contamination.
		Louseborne relapsing fever and tickborne relapsing fever are both caused by spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, and they cannot be distinguished with certainty on the basis of clinical manifestations.
	www.entomology.ucr.edu /ebeling/ebel9-3.html (19692 words)

	Bacteriology 330 Lecture Topics: SyphilisBacteriology 330 Lecture Topics: Syphilis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The name spirochete is derived from the Greek words for "coiled hair." Their spiral cellular shape is approximately 16 to 18 bends consisting of an outer sheath, periplasmic space with periplasmic flagella, and a peptidoglycan layer.
		Histologic examination of the lesions reveals endarteritis (inflammation of the inner wall of an artery) and periarteritis (inflammation of membranous sac surrounding the heart), characteristic of syphilitic lesions at all stages, and infiltration of the ulcer with polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages.
		Ingestion of the spirochete by the phagocytic cells is often seen, but the organisms frequently survive.
	www.bact.wisc.edu /Bact330/lecturesyphilis (2755 words)

	Natural Antibody Affects Survival of the Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi within Feeding Ticks -- Belperron and ...
		Spirochetes that migrate to the salivary glands of ticks that feed on B6.Igh
		spirochetes in salivary glands of ticks feeding on B6.Igh
		spirochetes at as late as 64 h of tick feeding (data not shown).
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/10/6456 (3948 words)

	Borrelia burgdorferi-Induced Inflammation Facilitates Spirochete Adaptation and Variable Major Protein-Like Sequence ...
		The relative amount of spirochetal DNA in the joints of the infected mice was determined by PCR with primers corresponding to the flaB gene (C and E).
		Sera from mice infected by syringe (nonadapted spirochetes) and transplant (host-adapted spirochetes) were used to probe a B.
		Arthropod- and host-specific Borrelia burgdorferi bbk32 expression and the inhibition of spirochete transmission.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/167/6/3383 (4218 words)

	Detection by PCR and Isolation Assays of the Anaerobic Intestinal Spirochete Brachyspira aalborgi from the Feces of ...
		Detection by PCR and Isolation Assays of the Anaerobic Intestinal Spirochete Brachyspira aalborgi from the Feces of Captive Nonhuman Primates -- Munshi et al.
		Colonic spirochetal infections in non-human primates that were associated with Brachyspira aalborgi, Serpulina pilosicoli, and unclassified flagellated bacteria.
		Intestinal spirochaetosis: morphological characterization and cultivation of the spirochete Brachyspira aalborgi gen. nov., sp.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/41/3/1187 (2948 words)

	Arthropod- and Host-Specific Borrelia burgdorferi bbk32 Expression and the Inhibition of Spirochete Transmission -- ...
		Arthropod- and Host-Specific Borrelia burgdorferi bbk32 Expression and the Inhibition of Spirochete Transmission -- Fikrig et al.
		Temperature-related differential expression of antigens in the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi.
		Barbour, A. Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/164/10/5344 (5479 words)

	Lyme Disease Symptoms, Persistence, Cysts, Seronegativity, Spirochetes
		This file juxtaposes photographs and quotations from studies dating as far back as the early 1900's to show how spirochetes can transform to and from cystic or coccoid forms.
		The ability of Bb and other spirochetes to exist in coccoid forms provides a cogent explanation for phenomenon such as latency, persistent infection, and seronegativity.
		This file contains a complete bibliography of approximately 250 studies with information/observations on coccoid forms of spirochetes, dating from the early 1900's to the present.
	www.lymeinfo.net /lymefiles.html (333 words)

	Comparative Genome Analysis of the Pathogenic Spirochetes Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum -- Subramanian et ...
		Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of Lyme disease, whereas the related spirochete Treponema pallidum causes syphilis.
		Genomic sequence of a Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi.
		Molecular characterization of a flagellar/chemotaxis operon in the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/3/1633 (7301 words)

	Protective Niche for Borrelia burgdorferi to Evade Humoral Immunity -- Liang et al. 165 (3): 977 -- American Journal of ...
		Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, causes persistent
		of the spirochetes with the ECM, mediated by Dbps, BBK32, and
		Spirochetes with higher dbpA expression are better protected in the joints of wild-type mice.
	ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/165/3/977 (4626 words)

	Isolation, Oxygen Sensitivity, and Virulence of NADH Oxidase Mutants of the Anaerobic Spirochete Brachyspira ...
		Isolation, Oxygen Sensitivity, and Virulence of NADH Oxidase Mutants of the Anaerobic Spirochete Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae, Etiologic Agent of Swine Dysentery -- Stanton et al.
		virulence of this anaerobic spirochete, mutant strains deficient
		Localization of spirochetes with the structural characteristics of Treponema hyodysenteriae in the lesions of swine dysentery.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/65/11/5028 (4633 words)

	Lyme Disease
		Different Osp’s are expressed depending on whether the spirochete is attached to the tick midgut (OspA), the mammal’s connective tissue (OspC), or whether the tick is in an early or late stage of mammal infection (Osps E and F respectively).
		The immune system is constantly active in its attempt to remove the invading spirochete and over the years these complexes of antibodies may deposit in the kidney and cause damage.
		By using the entire spirochete, the host is exposed to parts of the organism that are not useful in immunization and may lead to vaccine reaction.
	www.marvistavet.com /html/body_lyme_disease.html (2314 words)

	ILADS - International Lyme And Associated Diseases Society
		Low spirochete loads result in mild or even inapparent infections that can be missed and remain present for years.
		A corollary to the issue of spirochete load is the delicate balance between defense efficacy vs. pathogen strength.
		The same studies that demonstrated lymphocyte inhibition and lysis from high spirochete loads also demonstrated increased negative effects on the immune system the longer the spirochetes were present.
	www.ilads.org /burrascano_1102.htm (10945 words)

	Lyme
		Someone infected with this spirochete will exhibit flu-like symptoms of chills and fever accompanied by aches and pains in muscles and joints.
		However, if the victim is unaware of the severity of the illness, and if the infection is left untreated, their may be neurological and cardiac abnormalities accompanying a new series of rashes weeks or even months after the original infection.
		The larval stage feeds for a short period of time during the summer and it is usually during this feeding period that it acquires the spirochete.
	science.exeter.edu /jekstrom/web/BIOLOGY/LymeD/Lyme.html (1242 words)

	Relapsing Fever Spirochete Switches Surface Proteins When It Changes Hosts
		But when the spirochete's transmitted back to a mammal, that tick-specific protein gets turned off again and the microbe again produces that very same variable membrane protein that was being produced when the tick ingested it."
		Their observations of Borrelia hermsii, the spirochete that causes relapsing fever, can be extended to other Borrelia species, says Dr. Schwan, including B. burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease.
		For example, they now know that when either Lyme disease or relapsing fever spirochetes are transmitted to a mammal via tick saliva, the spirochetes turn on similar surface proteins.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1998-06/NIoA-RFSS-180698.php (993 words)

	DLC-ME \| The Microbe Zoo \| Animal Pavillion \| Cow Rumen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Spirochetes live in many habitats, including cow stomachs, termite guts and compost heaps.
		Many types of spirochetes cause diseases in animals, including humans.
		The spirochete is the squiggly microbe near the center of this view.
	commtechlab.msu.edu /sites/dlc-me/zoo/zac01026.html (43 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: The Spirochete Flaa Periplasmic Flagellar Sheath Protein Impacts Flagellar Helicity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The spirochetes cause important diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease of humans and dysentery of animals.
		The spirochete that causes swine dysentery is named Brachyspira hyodysenteriae.
		In most spirochete species, the periplasmic flagellar filaments consist of a core of at least three proteins (FlaB1, FlaB2, and FlaB3) and a sheath protein (FlaA).
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=118347 (510 words)

	Spirochete definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Spirochete: A microscopic bacterial organism in the Spirochaeta family.
		Spirochetes have a worm-like, spiral-shaped form, and wiggle vigorously when viewed under a microscope.
		Treponema pallidum, the cause of syphilis, is a particularly well-known member spirochete.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5530 (209 words)

	Lyme Disease - VeterinaryPartner.com - a VIN company!
		The male tick remains attached through the winter but the female, once engorged with the host's blood, drops off, hides under leaves and other debris through the winter, and lays her eggs in the spring for the 2-year cycle to begin again.
		It is during this regurgitation process that the Lyme spirochete is brought up from the tick's midgut to its mouthparts.
		Eradication of the Lyme spirochete is not a reasonable expectation with treatment; the organism is simply too good at hiding.
	www.veterinarypartner.com /Content.plx?P=A&C=189&A=1588&S=0 (2392 words)

	Natural Antibody Affects Survival of the Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi within Feeding Ticks -- Belperron and ...
		Spirochete DNA levels could be reduced to that of controls
		At 48 h of tick feeding, 90% of spirochetes
		gland spirochetes from ticks detached from control mice.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/69/10/6456 (357 words)

	LymeNet - Advanced Topics in Lyme Disease (2000 Burrascano Treatment Guidelines) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Testing the tick itself for the presence of the spirochete, even with PCR technology, is not reliable enough to guide your decision to treat, as false positives and false negatives occur.
		Since the likelihood of harm arising from prophylactically applied spirochetal antibiotics is low, and since treatment is inexpensive and painless, it follows that the risk benefit ratio favors tick bite prophylaxis.
		Cimmino, M.A., Azzolini, A., Tobia, F., Pesce, C.M. Spirochetes in the spleen of a patient with chronic Lyme Disease.
	www2.lymenet.org /domino/file.nsf/UID/guidelines (10984 words)

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