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	Spitak Earthquake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Spitak Earthquake was a tremor with a moment magnitude of 7.2, that took place on December 7, 1988 at 11:41 local time (07:41 UTC) in the Spitak region of Armenia, then part of the Soviet Union.
		The entire city of Spitak was destroyed, and there was partial damage to the nearby cities of Leninakan (later renamed to Gyumri) and Kirovakan (later renamed to Vanadzor).
		Spitak was rebuilt from scratch in a location next to the previous town, with many neighborhoods having very distinct architecture reflecting the country which donated/built the homes there.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spitak_Earthquake (463 words)

	[No title]
		Moreover, the Spitak earthquake was the incentive that urged the international seismological community to join efforts in solution of problems of global control over current geotectonic processes.
		The Spitak earthquake has yet again emphasized that one of the most important problems is the state of antiseismic construction.
		The Town of Spitak (population 25,000) was nearly leveled and more than half of the structures in the City of Leninakan (population 250,000) were damaged or destroyed.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/cdroms/Spitak_EQ/geovu/spitak.men (6272 words)

	Spitak
		The earthquakes hit an area 80 km in diameter comprising the towns of Leninakan, Spitak, Stepanavan, and Kirovakan in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic.
		During the earthquake, the Spitak section to the northeast of the fault rode up over the southwest side.
		The Town of Spitak (population 18,500) was nearly leveled and more than half of the structures in the City of Leninakan (population 250,000) were damaged or destroyed.
	www.roubikrecords.com /spitak.htm (222 words)

	Street Food
		Spitak Bakery in East Hollywood is almost as unprepossessing in appearance as in name: an angled window and a narrow door in a brown brick façade, on a tired stretch of Hollywood Boulevard where aging brick hotels loom over sunbleached asphalt and yellowing parkway strips.
		The neighborhood, however, is livelier than a first glance might indicate, with a healthy mix of elderly and twenty-, thirty-, and forty-somethings of every color, most of them immigrants, many of them hip and highly literate, as well as a burgeoning coffeehouse scene where all mix together in raucous harmony.
		The proprietors--a short, plump, friendly lady of a certain age, and an older and very rough-looking gentleman--barely speak English, and the entire public area of the establishment consists of one room about the size of an apartment kitchen, in which there is but a single table, two deli cases, and a counter.
	www.newcolonist.com /sf-spitak.html (511 words)

	Armenia: CHAPTER ONE
		We had been to Spitak previously, two years after the earthquake, and remembered driving several kilometers, passing a cemetery filled with burial stones bearing photographic likenesses of children and loved ones who had died.
		On the occasion of the ten-year commemoration of the earthquake, Spitak was bustling with activity.
		Spitak was something of a showcase, however, and inhabitants of Vanadsor and other areas grumbled about not receiving their fair share of reconstruction funds.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/9760/9760.ch01.html (7230 words)

	Hetq Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Near the entrance to Spitak, on the cemetery hill, is a small church haphazardly built out of from zinc plates.
		Vahan Khachatryan, the head of Spitak's construction department, tells us that in the last two to three years many have left for Yerevan, where a construction boom is currently underway.
		It is hard to say how long Spitak’s residents will have to wait for a place to live, but according to Khachatryan, if they receive sufficient funding, they can solve the problem in a year.
	www.hetq.am /eng/society/0508-spitak.html (871 words)

	NSSP
		The Spitak earthquake in 7 December 1988 wasn’t exclusive in the seismology by its main characteristics and other peculiar features.
		The Spitak earthquake is one of the most investigated earthquakes in the world.
		The intensity of 1988 earthquake was assessed in Spitak 10, in Gyumri and Stephanavan 9 and in Vanadzor 8-9 value on MSK-64 intensity scale.
	nssp-gov.am /uxe12_eng.htm (569 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Spitak's mayor, Suren Avetisian, says the earthquake destroyed 100 percent of the town's housing, and leveled all factories.
		Spitak's mayor says in the 16 months since taking office he has yet to find any accounting of how quake aid funds were dispersed or spent, adding that as long as he has been office no foreign aid has reached Spitak.
		Spitak's school number one has been housed since the earthquake in temporary barracks but is due to move soon into a new building that boasts central heating and marble and parquet floors.
	www.rferl.org /features/1998/03/F.RU.980317131055.asp (1816 words)

	Spitak Town - Armeniapedia.org
		On the outskirts of Spitak (388 p, till 1949 Hamamlu) you see various housing projects built by the international community to shelter the thousands made homeless by the December 1988 earthquake.
		On the hill where most of the earthquake victims were buried, often with an etching of the victim on his tombstone, is a tin church, built as a monument to the estimated 4000 killed in Spitak.
		There is a new, ornate church just off the road and a semi-adequate hotel reached by turning left after the new Cultural Center and before the descent to the railroad tracks.
	www.armeniapedia.org /index.php?title=Spitak (141 words)

	Harris & Moure in the News: Seized Russian Vessel Spitak to be Released upon Payment of Fine
		The Spitak was seized by the U.S. Coast Guard cutter Acushnet on July 31 for fishing 800 yards inside U.S. waters in the Bering Sea.
		The Spitak was later joined in Dutch Harbor by another seized foreign vessel, the Chinese factory trawler Ming Chang.
		Unlike the under-supplied Spitak, the Chinese boat arrived with ample food and is employing a local maritime agency for port services.
	www.harrismoure.com /_eng/news-spitak.html (527 words)

	UCLA Health & Medicine News - One Article
		Signs of the psychological effects of trauma in children include fear of abandonment and recurrence of the horrors of the trauma, anger, withdrawal, trouble with concentration, recurrent fearful memories of the trauma, and nightmares.
		In Spitak and Gumri, two of the hardest hit cities, nearly everyone experienced direct threats to their lives and witnessed mutilating injuries and grotesque deaths.
		The average scores at Spitak, the city at the epicenter, remained above the cutoff for a diagnosis of PTSD.
	www.healthcare.ucla.edu /giving/news/detail?rad_id=6662 (709 words)

	Spitak -- Seed Project Strengthens Area's Future
		Spitak, Province of Lori, Armenia — On a balmy, overcast autumn morning, Gagik Sahakyan walked through a field of newly sown wheat, checking to see if the seeds had started to sprout.
		ATG agronomist Gagik Mkrtchyan, who was in Spitak that day meeting program farmers, came to my field, and we worked until dark, planting the seed by hand.
		In 2000, a drought in Spitak and much of Armenia forced wheat farmers to abandon their fields, leaving most without seed for the autumn planting.
	www.atgusa.org /News.46/current_category.27/news_detail.html (1331 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But if we take into account the fact that besides the main shock of intensity 9-10 in Leninakan,there was a second one of intensity 8-9 which happened appoximately in 4 minutes after the first one,we shall see a very tragic pisture,when the buildings,drived to the limit of their firmness received the shock and collapsed.
		During the Spitak earthquake of December 7 1988 a certain role was played by resonance,the duration of vibrations, and the interaction of buildings and structures with their bases.
		As to the Spitak earthquake of December 7,1988,it was of great intensity (9-10) which was several times higher than the designed one for buildings and structures,there were two shocks,and the vertical component was very high.
	www.arminco.com /hayknet/npad28.htm (604 words)

	SpiTux Project - SpiTux: Computer Lab for Kids and Teens in Spitak, Armenia
		Spitak is the town in Armenia where we're doing this project.
		The weather is an important factor: a dedicated consultant, Armen Yolyan, will have to travel from Yerevan to Spitak in the increasingly harsh winter conditions during that time, and teach these classes.
		Spitak is a town located in a magnificent setting, in the North-West of Armenia.
	spituxproject.objectis.net (2010 words)

	Spitak - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spitak (Սպիտակ) is a city in northern Armenia.
		It was mostly destroyed by the Spitak Earthquake in 1988.
		This page was last modified 00:30, 17 October 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spitak (63 words)

	Coast Guard transfers custody of Russian trawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Coast Guard cutter Acushnet escorts the Russian fishing vessel Spitak to Dutch Harbor, Alaska after the recent seizure near the maritime boundary line.
		Spitak is home ported in Magadan, Russia, and is owned by the Kil Joint Stock Company.
		The Acushnet is home ported in Ketchikan and was on a fisheries law enforcement patrol when the Spitak was caught fishing.
	www.uscg.mil /d17/allnews/news00/17200.htm (166 words)

	UNICEF - Armenia - Real lives
		The once prosperous manufacturing town of Spitak was at the epicentre of an earthquake that killed 25,000 people in this southern Caucasian country a dozen years ago.
		Around 16,000 people perished in Spitak as flimsy Soviet apartment buildings caved in on one another and the town's sugar processing plant imploded in a cloud of white icing sugar and concrete slabs.
		Gohar says she would leave Spitak, and Armenia tomorrow if she could, and if her husband was willing to abandon his ailing parents and impoverished family.
	www.unicef.org /infobycountry/armenia_495.html (1156 words)

	School Number 5 Homepage, Spitak, Armenia
		School #5 in Spitak was founded in 1989, after the earthquake.
		The quantity of the pupils gradually lessened, as a boarding school was built near school #5 and after a year school #8 was built not far from the school.
		Besides, some of the families got new flats in the center of Spitak and moved.
	www.spitux.org /students/School5/index.html (265 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Spitak's people are putting all their efforts to the sacred cause - the preserving of memory of the dead."
		A hospital, built and equipped by the Norwegians, is open on the outskirts of Spitak.
		A year ago, when earthquake survivors straggled into the stadium in Spitak hoping to find their relatives, we wrote that the ruined houses should not be blasted immediately since people could be still alive left inside.
	www.arminco.com /hayknet/december/poisk/gore-e.htm (1487 words)

	Conspiracy
		In 1988, December 8, 7:45am, me and my younger brother came to Spitak from Yerevan to find our relatives, who were living in Spitak (the epicenter of the Armenian "Earthquake" of 1988.) There we found out that along with our many relatives who died of that "Earthquake" my brother's wife was one of them.
		In the mountains of Bazum (North Armenia, near by the city Spitak), which was the epicenter of the "Earthquake", there were located inter-continental nuclear-ballistic missiles of the Soviet Union.
		The quick presence of Michael Gorbachev in the city of Spitak, who that day was visiting USA was like a behavior of a criminal, who is usually the first ones present on their crime scene, thinking that their presence will sway away the suspicion of their involvement in the crime.
	www.angelfire.com /hi/Azgaser/conspiracy.html (3799 words)

	Armenia - American Rescue
		Spitak Rescue Team which became Spitak Rescue Centre in the future, was founded after Spitak earthquake, based on Mountaineer Climber's Club of Yerevan Physics Institute with German Red Cross assistance and financial support.
		The Rescue Team "Spitak" is the only rescue organization with a high profile, both in Republic of Armenia and in neighbouring countries.
		The Rescue Team "Spitak" has enough reserves of fuel, food, medicines and related supplies that it is able to work without re-supply for up to three months in case of a major disaster.
	www.amerrescue.org /armenia.htm (994 words)

	Expat Life in Armenia
		I recently learned that one of the many children I know in Spitak is seriously ill and needs a kidney transplant, but the family lacks the money for the operation.
		The boy in the picture is one of the many children born in post-earthquake Spitak to soothe the pain after the earthquake.
		Sending his articles to different newspapers in Spitak and participating in a competition he has already won a computer.
	www.cilicia.com /2005/05/i-recently-learned-that-one-of-many.html (723 words)

	Lessons and questions emerge from Armenian quake Science News - Find Articles
		The rubble of reinforced concrete in cities around Spitak testifies that many of the newer nine-story buildings in this quake-prone region could not survive the one-two punch of the main shock and strong aftershock, while some older, shorter buildings fared better.
		Although the Soviets had adapted their standard building designs for use in this seismic area, they "are indicating that the earthquake was bigger than they had designed for," says Loring Wyllie, a co-leader of the team and a structural engineer who specializes in seismic-resistant building designs with H.J. Degenkolb Associates in San Francisco.
		During the earthquake, the Spitak section to the northeast of the fault rode up over the southwest side, meaning the city sat on the overhanging edge of the thrust sheet.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_n3_v135/ai_7013750 (855 words)

	Shirakamoot -- Spitak Rebuilds from 1988 Earthquake with Help from ATG Wheat Project
		The road to Spitak was already closed, but Baboyan and others from Shirakamoot and Geghasar somehow made it back to their villages.
		Armenians everywhere, along with the international community, helped the residents of the Spitak region rebuild, but the old way of life could not be easily restored.
		Karapetyan now operates the Spitak branch of Agro Service, which supplies and rents farm equipment, including tractors, combines, planters, and levelers used in the planting and harvesting of wheat and other grains.
	www.atgusa.org /News.22/current_category.27/news_detail.html (1102 words)

	Geologic Hazards Slides, Volume 2 - Earthquake Events
		Collapse of Composite Structure, Spitak, Armenia Partial collapse of composite structure with stone masonry infill walls near Spitak.
		Damage to Granary Spitak, Armenia Shown here is the east end of the granary in the flour mill complex east of Spitak.
		Iceberg Produced by Broken Pipe near Spitak, Armenia Iceberg produced by broken water pipe in the foothills north of Spitak.
	www.smate.wwu.edu /teched/geology/eq-Armenia.html (1642 words)

	ArmeniaNow.com - Independent Journalism From Today`s Armenia
		The mother still grieving for her son 15 years later couldn't bring herself to enter the new hall, but felt some consolation that her son's memory might be preserved in such a place.
		The new center in fact hardly compares to the one that was damaged in the 1988 Spitak earthquake.
		In Spitak last Friday 248 families held a mass house-warming party to signal completion of housing projects on sites destroyed by the earthquake, which had its epicenter in Spitak, a city of about 20,000.
	armenianow.com /archive/2004/2003/october17/arts/theartof/index.htm (784 words)

	Hayastan All-Armenian Fund
		A new residential building was unveiled, by "Hayastan" All-Armenian Fund, in the Yerankyuni district of Spitak, Armenia, on July 18, 2005.
		The residential building was built in response to the ongoing rehabilitation of the Spitak region.
		Vanik Asatryan, mayor of Spitak were present during the opening ceremony.
	www.himnadram.org /eng/?go=Issues&id=677 (225 words)

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