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Topic: Spithead and Nore mutinies

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	Spithead and Nore mutinies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The mutinies were potentially dangerous for Britain, because at the time the country was at war with the Revolutionary government of France.
		Inspired by the example of their comrades at Spithead, the mutiny at the Nore (an anchorage in the Thames Estuary) began on 12 May when the crew of the Sandwich seized control of the ship, one notorious for its vile conditions.
		In September 1797, the crew of the Hermione mutinied in the West Indies, killing almost all the officers in revenge for the flinging into the sea of two men who had broken their limbs falling from the rigging in a desperate scramble to avoid flogging for being last man down on deck.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spithead_and_Nore_mutinies (764 words)

	Mutiny - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mutiny is the act of conspiring to disobey an order that a group of similarly-situated individuals (typically members of the military; or the crew of any ship, even if they are civilians) is legally obliged to obey.
		While many mutinies were carried out in response to backpay and/or poor conditions within the military unit or on the ship, some mutinies, such as the Connaught Rangers mutiny and the Wilhelmshaven mutiny, were part of larger movements or revolutions.
		The Mutiny Act legislated for offences in respect of which death or penal servitude could be awarded, and the Articles of War, while repeating those provisions of the act, constituted the direct authority for dealing with offences for which imprisoument was the maximum punishment as well as with many matters relating to trial and procedure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mutiny (1579 words)

	Spithead - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spithead is an area of the Solent and a roadstead off Gilkicker Point in Hampshire, England.
		The "Spithead Review of the Royal Navy" is famous, where the Monarch of the United Kingdom reviews a large fleet of warships.
		In 1797 there was a mutiny in the Royal Navy fleet at anchor at Spithead.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spithead (151 words)

	International Encyclopedia of Military History
		Mutiny does not normally include the rebellion of military forces in a coup d'etat, rebellion or revolt, such as the actions of a Roman praetorian guard to install a new emperor, or the revolt of certain elements of the Spanish army against the II Republic in 1936.
		Mutinies occur when the subordinates in a unit lose confidence in the ability of their superior officers to satisfy their grievances, order legal actions, avoid the unnecessary risk or sacrifice of their lives, or when the leaders otherwise present a hazard to their condition or well-being.
		Mutinies were more common in the premodern era when pay and support of troops was irregular, as in the case of Spanish units serving in the Netherlands in the late sixteenth century.
	www.routledge-ny.com /ref/intlmilitaryhistory/mutiny.html (1045 words)

	Research guide B8: The Spithead and Nore mutinies of 1797: NMM PORT
		Mutiny is described as, "open revolt against constituted authority" by the Oxford English Dictionary, and could be applied to any act of insubordination or defiance by an individual or collectively by a ship's crew.
		The mutiny at Spithead was conducted in a peaceful and organised manner and within a few weeks their demands had been met and a Royal Pardon granted.
		The mutiny at the Nore in May 1797 was potentially more serious as the mutineers attempted to go beyond the demands made at Spithead.
	www.port.nmm.ac.uk /research/b8.html (1096 words)

	Mutiny - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mutiny is the crime of conspiring to disobey orders that the mutineer is legally obliged to obey, for example by crew members of a ship.
		Part of the crew of Russian cruiser Aurora joined the 1917 February Revolution and at 21:45 7 November 1917, a blank shot from her forecastle gun signalled the start of the attack on the Winter Palace, which was to be the first episode of the communist Russian Revolution.
		The Connaught Rangers Mutiny (or Rebellion) in India, 1920.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Mutiny (416 words)

	mutiny. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Mutiny may be committed on a private vessel whether it is at sea or in port.
		Mutinies tend to occur with some frequency in the armed forces of nations on the point of suffering defeat; thus, in 1918 the German navy mutinied at Kiel and the Austrian navy at Cattaro (now Kotor).
		A mutiny may be the signal for a revolution, as were the Russian mutinies in 1905 and 1917 at Kronshtadt.
	www.bartleby.com /65/mu/mutiny.html (280 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Spithead
		It connects with the Solent on the west and was formerly used as a rendezvous for the British fleet.
		The House of Commons decided that it was expedient to suspend the construction of the Spithead Forts while its was considered if the experience gained in that action is of such a nature as to induce the Commissioners to modify the opinion expressed by them in their report of 26th.
		The fort on Spit Bank, now sometimes referred to as Spithead Fort, Spitsand Fort or Spitbank Fort, was to be armed with 9 x 12.5-inch 38-ton guns on the seaward face and 7 x 7-inch 7-ton guns in the landward casemates.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Spithead (258 words)

	Nore - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Nore is a sandbank at the mouth of the River Thames, England.
		From 1732 the sandbank was marked by the Nore lightship, the first lightship in the world, placed here as an experiment by Mr Hamblin, its patentee.
		In 1797 the neighbouring anchorage was the scene of a mutiny in the British fleet then lying here, known as the Mutiny of the Nore.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/The_Nore (250 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Spithead and Nore mutinies
		There were two major mutinies by sailors of the Royal Navy in 1797.
		The mutinies were potentially dangerous for the United Kingdom because at the time the UK was at war with France.
		Discontent among sailors at the Nore lead to a mutiny, with Richard Parker, a former officer, as their spokesman.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Nore_Mutiny (380 words)

	Spithead Mutiny - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Spithead Mutiny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During the French Revolutionary Wars, mutiny of the Channel and North Sea fleets April 1797 over the appalling conditions on ships.
		The success of this mutiny encouraged the outbreak of the more serious Nore mutiny the following month.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Spithead%20Mutiny (113 words)

	Spithead - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Spithead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1545 a battle was fought here between the English and French fleets in which the French were defeated.
		Spithead has been the scene of many Royal Navy reviews.
		Spithead, having entered the general's tent without being sent for, had drawn this question from Monk.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Spithead (131 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions of the Sailing Navy Gallery at the Royal Naval Museum
		After the mutinies, the wages rose by 5 shillings and 6d per month for Able Seamen and 4 shillings and 6d for the lower rates.
		However, delays in passing legislation to accommodate the raise, led to the outbreak of a second mutiny on 12 May, this time at the Nore, led by Richard Parker of HMS Sandwich.
		The Nore mutineer’s demands were more extensive than those at Spithead, wanting an end to oppression and more frequent payment of overdue wages.
	www.royalnavalmuseum.org /visit_see_sailfaq.htm (1380 words)

	The Nore Mutiny : 1797 : Royal Navy Mutinies at the Nore and Spithead : Naval Matters : Napoleonic Wars :
		Discontent among sailors at the Nore, a Royal Navy anchorage in the Thames Estuary, overflowed in riotous mutiny in May 1797.
		Despite a reasonable start the mutiny was hijacked by radical delegates to the unofficial Fleet Parliament whose intransigence and bid for a mini social revolution hardened the stance of the Government and Lords of the Admiralty.
		An earlier mutiny at Spithead had been settled peacefully with a Royal Pardon and major gains for the mutineers.
	www.napoleonguide.com /navy_nore.htm (246 words)

	Mutinies: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		In 1797 England was shocked when the crews of warships stationed at Spithead and the Nore mutinied over a number of grievances that were subsequently recognized as legitimate.
		The mutiny was more in the nature of a labour dispute, but coming as it did during a war with England's great enemy, it was perceived and responded to as a revolutionary event.
		In the general sense, the "mutiny" on the Latona and the conspiracy within the Newfoundland Regiment can be viewed as expressions of intense frustration and anger with the harsh discipline and service endured in wartime Newfoundland.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /exploration/mutinies.html (407 words)

	Demands made by Mutineers : Royal Navy Mutinies at the Nore and Spithead : Naval Matters : Napoleonic Wars :
		The official reply being "All that could reasonably be expected by the seamen and marines has already been granted them.
		That every indulgence granted to the fleet at Portsmouth (Spithead) be granted to His Majesty's subjects serving in the Fleet at the Nore and places adjacent.
		That every man, upon a ship's coming into harbour (a certain number at a time so as not to injure the ship's duty) to go and see their friends and families; a convenient time to be allowed to each man.
	www.napoleonguide.com /navy-nore-articles.htm (341 words)

	Mutiny Encyclopedia Article @ GetitFreeHere.com (Get It Free Here) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mutiny is the crime of conspiring to disobey an order that a group of similarly-situated individuals (typically members of the military; or the crew of any ship, even if they are civilians) is legally obliged to obey.
		While many mutinies were carried out in response to backpay and/or poor conditions within the military unit or on the ship, some, such as the Connaught Rangers mutiny and the Wilhelmshaven mutiny, were part of larger movements or revolutions.
		GetitFreeHere.com is designed and maintained by Kurt Karr and is hosted by pair Networks.
	www.getitfreehere.com /encyclopedia/Mutiny (1696 words)

	swuklink: Searchable Time-Line (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mutiny by sailors of the Royal Navy at Spithead nr.
		Mutiny by sailors of the Royal Navy on the HMS Sandwich at Nore in the Thames estuary, inspired by the mutiny at Spithead
		Mutiny of the crew of HMS Hermione in the West Indies, killing almost all the officers in revenge for the flinging into the sea of two men who had broken their limbs falling from the rigging in a desperate scramble to avoid flogging for being last man down on deck
	www.swuklink.com /BAAAGDJA.php?tl=1797 (1239 words)

	NovelGuide: Billy Budd: Novel Summary: Chapters 3-5
		The Nore mutiny was extremely serious since Britain was the world’s leading naval power, and relied on its prowess on the seas.
		The mutiny was suppressed, and many of the mutineers went on to perform admirable in naval battles over the next decade.
		The mutiny was a peaceful, orderly affair, and the authorities responded with leniency.
	www.novelguide.com /BillyBudd/summaries/Chapters3-5.html (612 words)

	June 14th
		In April the Government were startled to hear that a mutiny had been planned at Spithead; the fleet was ordered hastily out to sea, as the most prudent course; but the seamen took matters at once into their own hands.
		The Nore fleet mutinied on the 20th, and called themselves a 'floating republic,' under the presidency of Richard Parker, a sailor of some education and much ambition.
		This was a mutiny that obtained very little of the public sympathy; it was not a demand for redress of real grievances, so much as an attempt to republicanize the fleet.
	www.thebookofdays.com /months/june/14.htm (1458 words)

	mutiny - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		MUTINY [mutiny] concerted disobedient or seditious action by persons in military or naval service, or by sailors on commercial vessels.
		The British Garrison in Australia 1788-1841: the mutiny of the 80th regiment at Norfolk Island.
		Mutiny's new appliance platform gives critical network monitoring a boost.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/m1/mutiny.asp (420 words)

	mutiny — Infoplease.com
		Indian Mutiny: Causes of the Mutiny - Causes of the Mutiny In the years just prior to the mutiny many factors combined to create a...
		Indian Mutiny - Indian Mutiny, 1857–58, revolt that began with Indian soldiers in the Bengal army of the...
		Indian Mutiny: Bibliography - Bibliography See Sir John Kaye and G. Malleson, History of the Indian Mutiny (6 vol., 1896); T. Indian Mutiny: The Beginning of Reform - The Beginning of Reform Despite the army's sometimes savage reconquest, the British government did...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0834610.html (374 words)

	ipedia.com: Spithead and Nore mutinies (1797) Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Table of contents 1 Royal Navy Mutinies 2 Mutiny at Spithead 16 April to 15 May, 1797 3 Mutiny at the Nore 12 May to 13 June, 1797 4 Other mutinies and discontent in 1797 Royal Navy Mutinies There wer...
		3 Mutiny at the Nore 12 May to 13 June, 1797
		Admiral Lord Lord Howe negotiated an agreement that saw a Royal Pardon for all crews, together with a pay rise and better living conditions.
	www.ipedia.com /spithead_and_nore_mutinies__1797_.html (321 words)

	Mutiny
		NINE Army soldiers who have been cleared by a military court over allegations linking them to a short-lived mutiny in 2003 will be freed in two to three weeks, a spokesman said Monday.
		In Malaysia, open houses enjoyed by the various ethnic groups will be the order of the day.
		The report of the Feliciano Commission, which investigated the root causes of the Oakwood mutiny of July 27, 2003, clearly identifies the malfeasances in the militarys Retirement and Separation Benefits System as a major reason that made the officers and soldiers rebel.
	www.studycrime.com /Crimes/Mutiny.php (760 words)

	Research Collections Information Service Sheets at the Royal Naval Museum
		The Spithead mutiny erupted in February when the fleet refused to put to sea over grievances of the sailor's pay.
		Bligh's ship, Director, was at the Nore for a refit in May 1797 when the mutiny spread to that fleet.
		Demands were not met and the ringleaders of the mutiny, serving in HMS Sandwich, clashed with Bligh over his refusal to allow the ship's arsenal to be handed over to his crew.
	www.royalnavalmuseum.org /info_sheets_william_bligh.htm (2541 words)

	Broadside. Crime and Punishment
		A man could only be hanged for mutiny, treason or desertion.
		Sodomy was also a capital offence, but few men were prosecuted or hanged for it, and it seems likely that it was a rare occurance on a war ship.
		In the Great Mutinies at the Nore and Spithead, flogging was not mentioned in the sailors list of complaints.
	www.nelsonsnavy.co.uk /broadside8.html (1087 words)

	Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The extraordinarily efficient organization of the mutiny at Spithead overturned the conventional image of the lower-deck sailor as either a robotic 'heart of oak', or a barely controllable, illiterate savage.
		While there are very few visual representations of the mutinies themselves, the image of the tar that emerges in their wake is one that stresses his capacity for nobility, sensibility, virtue and heroism, rather than his base, vulgar stereotype.
		Particularly in the representations of the Battle of Camperdown (11 October 1797), the first major naval victory after the mutinies, this noble image of the tar is to the fore.
	www.nmm.ac.uk /mag/pages/mnuInDepth/Essay.cfm?Essay=documents/essay/The_image_of_the_seaman.htm (4701 words)

	Royal Navy Mutinies at the Nore and Spithead : Naval Matters : Napoleonic Wars : Royal Navy
		Royal Navy Mutinies at the Nore and Spithead : Naval Matters : Napoleonic Wars : Royal Navy
		Because of the relatively peaceful way in which the sailors handled themselves there were no reprisals against the mutineers.
		A second, more serious mutiny occurred at the Nore.
	www.napoleonguide.com /navy_spithead.htm (148 words)

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