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Topic: Spitting cobra

	Cobra (snake) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cobras are venomous snakes of family Elapidae, of several genera.
		Cobras kill their prey, usually small rodents and birds, by injecting a neurotoxin through their hollow fangs.
		The cobra's most recognizable feature is its hood, a flap of skin and muscle behind the head which it can flare, perhaps for the purpose of making it appear bigger and more threatening to predators.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cobra_(snake) (344 words)

	MSN Encarta - Cobra (snake)
		Cobras are recognized by the hoods that they flare when angry or disturbed; the hoods are created by the elongate ribs that extend the loose skin of the neck behind the cobras' heads.
		The hood of the common cobra is, proportionately, much larger than that of the king cobra and is usually yellow to brown, with a fl-and-white spectacle pattern on top and two fl and white spots on the lower surface.
		The king cobra is classified as Ophiophagus hannah, the common cobra as Naja naja, the spitting cobra as Naja nigricollis, the ringhals as Hemachatus haemachatus, and the asp as Naja haje.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559191/cobras.html (487 words)

	Spitting Cobra - Fangs, Captive Breeding, Pictures, Baby Spitting Cobras
		The Spitting Cobra is most renowned for their infamously remarkable spitting fangs that allow the cobra to actually spray venom accurately into the face and eyes of predators and trampling hoovestock.
		Spitting Cobras prefer to spit or spray venom into the eyes of would be attackers, threats or predators, but are perfectly capable of delivering a deadly Snake envenomation via a bite.
		Spitting Cobra venom is very toxic and extremely deadly, although it is nothing compared to the venom of the King Cobra, which also delivers a lot of venom with each hit.
	www.tigerhomes.org /animal/spitting-cobra.cfm (989 words)

	Cobra Info Page 1 - Introduction
		Cobras are recognized by the hoods that they flare when angry or disturbed; the hoods are created by the extension of the ribs behind the cobras' heads.
		Cobras are famous for their use by snake charmers because they respond well to visual cues, and are of spectacular appearance.
		The king cobra is classified as Ophiophagus hannah (aka Hamadryad), the spitting cobra as Naja nigricollis, the Egyptian cobra as Naja haje, the water cobras as N. boulengerina, the tree cobras as N. pseudohaje, the "pink" cobra as N.
	www.cobras.org /cob_1.htm (688 words)

	0618CSingapore Jack Russell, spitting cobras, King cobras, educational stories, condos, rental properties, Singapore ...
		Spitting cobras will spit venom into people's eyes but they are active at night hunting rodents mainly.
		The venom is spit out in a shower and directed towards the eyes of the intruders in the case of spitting cobras.
		The king cobra, the spitting cobra and others are still found in Singapore although there will be fewer of them as the urban jungle envelopes the city.
	asiahomes.com /singaporetpvet/dogs/000616Ads_jackrussell_neckbite.htm (1398 words)

	Spitting Cobras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Spitting cobras kill their prey by injecting venom with a bite just as other venomous snakes do.
		The fangs of spitting cobras resemble those of other cobras, but the opening through which the venom flows out of the fangs are much smaller, closer to the base of the fang, rounded rather than elongated in shape, and the venom canal inside the fang reaches the outlet at a right angle to the tooth.
		Spitting cobras are very accurate are short distances and usually aim for the eyes.
	www.szgdocent.org /resource/rr/c-cspit.htm (464 words)

	When cobras spit, there's not a dry eye in the house
		The red Mozambique spitting cobra stiffens, fixing its gaze on the victim's face, which is moving backwards and forwards in front of it.
		The evaluation of the traces of venom on the photos and the visor revealed how accurate the aim of both species of snake was: the fl-necked spitting cobras hit at least one eye eight out of ten times, with the red Mozambique spitting cobras even reaching the target in 100 per cent of cases.
		Video footage material on Betacam SP showing the spitting cobra project is available at the press staff of the University of Bonn (phone: ++49 228 734728, fax: ++49 228 737451, email: wissen@uni-bonn.de).
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-02/uob-wcs020905.php (718 words)

	California Wild - Spring 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		We buy a couple of the spitting cobras, but for specimens acquired this way there is always doubt about their original locality, so we arrange for some employees to take us out searching for other cobras.
		Back in the United States, with the help of cobra expert Wolfgang Wüster at the University of Wales, I begin researching whether or not the spitting cobras we purchased are a new species.
		Interviews with snake hunters confirm that this new cobra is restricted solely to the central dry zone of Myanmar.
	www.calacademy.org /calwild/unlinkedfolders/spring2000/html/letter.html (1952 words)

	Spitting Cobras by Austin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Some of them are the fl neck spitting cobra, the asp, and the ringhal spitting cobra.
		The fl neck spitting cobra is related to the desert cobra.
		The cobra is a reptile that lives in warm climates.
	www.chenowith.k12.or.us /ces/students/98-99/animals/spittingCobra/austin.html (182 words)

	Mozambique Spitting Cobra
		The Mozambique Spitting cobra is a fairly small and slender snake with a medium sized eye in a blunt head, the body is cylindrical from shape with a long tail.
		Mozambique Spitting Cobras are often found close to humans in city parks, and gardens were they look for rats that often can be found at trash stacks in gardens.
		Adult Mozambique Spitting Cobras are mostly nocturnal but can be found by day sun bathing close to there hiding spot, Juveniles are often diurnal, presumably to avoid food competition with adult or to avoid being eaten by adults.
	www.kingsnake.com /elapids/mozambique_spitting_cobra.htm (1362 words)

	eMedicine - Snake Envenomations, Cobra : Article by Robert Norris, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Necrosis is typical of bites by the African spitting cobras (Naja nigricollis, Naja mossambica, Naja pallida, and Naja katiensis), Naja atra (the Chinese cobra), Naja kaouthia (monocellate cobra), and Naja sumatrana (Sumatran spitting cobra).
		In comparison, the corresponding LD for Naja naja (Indian cobra) venom is 0.29 mg/kg, for Naja haje (Egyptian cobra) venom is 1.75 mg/kg, for king cobra venom is 1.73 mg/kg, and for Naja nigricollis (fl-necked spitting cobra) venom is 3.05 mg/kg.
		Warrell DA, Ormerod LD: Snake venom ophthalmia and blindness caused by the spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis) in Nigeria.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic544.htm (6046 words)

	LiveScience.com - Deadly Aim: Cobras Really Do Shoot for the Eyes
		Most of her cobras did not fall for the fake faces, but two of them did, and one of these even went after a photo that had its eyes removed digitally.
		Although the cobras are fine shots, they have a better way to deliver their venom: biting.
		When a cobra bites a chosen victim, the poison is injected into the bloodstream, where it interferes fatally with the respiratory system.
	www.livescience.com /animalworld/050210_cobra_spit.html (454 words)

	Crocodile Huntress - A Crocodile Hunter Fansite and Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		You can tell the age of the snake by color, because the younger the snake is, the lighter the color is. The Red Spitting Cobra has a tapering head, as the head serves as the broadest point, which helps their excellent vision.
		The cobra is found in the Elapidae family, consisting of cobras and their relatives.
		The spit out venom usually is targeted for the eyes, so that the predator is occupied with stinging eyes, while the snake runs off for cover.
	www.crocodilehuntress.com /animal9.html (504 words)

	Red Spitting Cobra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Red spitting cobras are venomous snakes that produce hemotoxins, which are delivered to the tissue via the blood system, and neurotoxins, which affect the nervous system of their victims.
		While venom is often delivered via a bite with the snake’s fangs, spitting cobras are so-named because they can direct it into their victim’s eyes.
		Adult red spitting cobras are mostly nocturnal and hide during daytime in termite mounds, old logs, in brush piles, or underground.
	www.bronxzoo.com /bz-about_the_animals/11857267 (263 words)

	Cobras Spit Venom at Eyes With Nearly Perfect Aim (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The evaluation of the traces of venom on the photos and the visor revealed how accurate the both species' aim is: The fl-necked spitting cobras hit at least one eye eight out of ten times.
		To ward off trouble, cobras can rear up, and they have hoods that expand out like a half umbrella to make themselves appear bigger and scarier than they actually are.
		For the cobras that can spit, it's apparently a deeply instinctive response—Westhoff was once spat at by a baby as it came out of its shell.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2005/02/0210_050210_cobra_2.html (779 words)

	Resources on Chinese Spitting Cobra academic institutions
		philippine cobra; Naja atra; Naja naja atra; chinese cobra; chinese naja; Naja...
		cobra; Naja samarensis; Naja siamensis; Thai spitting cobra; northern spitting...
		Introduction: Buto was a cobra goddess and it was believed that she protected the Pharaoh either by spitting poison into...
	www.mongabay.org /conservation/Chinese_Spitting_Cobra.htm (1769 words)

	Black Spitting Cobra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This is a highly irascible, nocturnal snake with the alarming habit of spitting venom at the eyes of its molester, often with an uncanny accuracy involving distances of up to 2 meters.
		The fl spitting cobra grows to a length of about 1.5 meters and feeds on amphibians, reptiles, small mammals and birds.
		The newly hatched cobras are armed with fangs and venom glands.
	www.forestry.sarawak.gov.my /forweb/wildlife/fauna/reptile/bscobra.htm (208 words)

	Spitting Cobra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Spitting Cobra is one of the South's heavier Gear models.
		The main function of the Spitting Cobra is to field heavy support weaponry such as mortars and light howitzers.
		For close defense, the Cobra is equipped with a shoulder-mounted, high-speed Gatling cannon, which, although small and short-ranged, is an excellent deterrent.
	www.progsoc.uts.edu.au /~thespus/manuals/Help-HG2/spitcbra.html (89 words)

	Mozambique Spitting Cobra
		They spit their venom from nearly any position.
		They have copious amounts of venom and spitting is their main defence.
		Typical of cobras the diet is very broad, including snakes, lizards, frogs, rodent and other small mammals.
	www.dewsburycrafts.co.za /mozambique_spitting_cobra.htm (224 words)

	40k Spitting Cobras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Spitting Cobra aspect is common throughout the major craftworlds, but their numbers at any one shrine is small, and there is never more than one spitting cobra shrine per craftworld.
		Spitting Cobras are a hard conversion to do, but their ability on the battlefield should well make up for that.
		Spitting Cobras wear cloaks of a Green/Yellow/White pattern(a stripe or splotch pattern may look best) and armour of the same three colors.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~tmott/spitting.htm (444 words)

	Red Spitting Cobra
		The Red Spitting Cobra is a relatively small cobra that is quite slender in body proportions.
		Now the red spitting cobra is not bred that much any more and to get some can be a real pain.
		Red Spitting Cobras are egg-layers and can produce clutches from 6 – 15 (24) eggs in early European summer in captivity after a gestation period of 2 months most mating will be seen in April.
	www.kingsnake.com /elapids/red_spitting_cobra.htm (1326 words)

	The Spitting Cobra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		I saw in the Spirit a snake being released from the kingdom of darkness with an assignment to strike at the head of the Body of Christ.
		This snake was a "spiritual" SPITTING COBRA whose ability enables it to aim and spit its blinding venom with extreme accuracy into the eyes of its victim.
		I sensed this "SPITTING COBRA" represented a great serpent of "LUST" that had not yet been taken out of the arsenal bag of Satan that was reserved for this last hour.
	www.etpv.org /2001/tspiter.html (620 words)

	Black
		Black-necked spitting cobras are strong build and long cobras the colour can be variable depending on the region of origin.
		Black-necked Spitting cobra are large snakes that need to be kept in fairly large enclosures to keep them happy.
		Black-necked Spitting Cobras are large and active snakes that need a large enclosure to crawl and climb around the size for a pair of these snakes should be 120 x 50 x 50 cm (length x height x wide).
	www.kingsnake.com /elapids/black.htm (781 words)

	The Malaysian Spitting Cobra : Utah's Hogle Zoo
		The Malaysian Spitting Cobra : Utah's Hogle Zoo
		Cobras are apt to be more aggressive at night when they are hunting.
		During the day the cobra often basks in the sun close to its refuge.
	www.hoglezoo.org /animals/view.php?id=199 (260 words)

	ScienceDaily: Cobra snake
		Look for Cobra snake in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Cobra snake in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for Cobra snake in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/cobra__snake_ (892 words)

	The Daily Times - News - 08/20/2004 - The new zoo: It's a jungle out there (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The fear factor escalates at the Reptile House, where a variety of venom-spitting cobras reside on "Spitters' Row." Using holes at the front of their fangs, these deadly snakes can literally spit venom into an enemy's eyes from up to 12 feet away, inflicting temporary blindness and great pain.
		Found in Africa, Asia and the Philippines, the cobra is known for flaring its distinctive hood when angry or agitated.
		The king cobra's bite is lethal enough to kill an elephant.
	www.zwire.com /site/news.cfm?BRD=1675&dept_id=18179&newsid=12739750&PAG=461&rfi=9 (1812 words)

	Reptiles: Southern Indonesian spitting cobra
		The fangs of spitting cobras resemble those of non-spitting relatives.
		The spitting cobra is able to rear up the front third of its body.
		Although the Indonesian spitting cobra is not an endangered species, it has recently been hunted for its distinctive hood markings in the production of handbags.
	www.colszoo.org /animalareas/reptiles/suphan.html (334 words)

	Another new spitting cobra discovered
		When staff at the Reptile House in London Zoo thought they had an unidentified species of cobra on their hands, they turned to an expert in snake species identification- Dr Wolfgang Wuster of the University of Wales, Bangor's School of Biological Sciences for assistance.
		Dr Wuster, who has been involved in the identification of three other new snake species, agreed with keepers at the Zoo that this spitting cobra species was different to the red spitting cobra which it was originally thought to be, and to any species already identified, in its shape, size and markings.
		As they live so close to areas of human habitation, we also need to test their venom to see if it is compatible with antivenoms that are administered for other cobra species in the region.
	www.brightsurf.com /news/july_03/EDU_news_070103_b.php (648 words)

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	cobra-insurance.ronset.com (768 words)

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