Splashdown (spacecraft landing)

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	Splashdown - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Splashdown is the method of landing by parachute in a body of water of spacecraft.
		The splashdown method of landing was utilized for Mercury, Gemini and Apollo.
		There are several disadvantages for splashdowns, foremost among them being the danger of the spacecraft flooding and sinking.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Splashdown (751 words)

	LUNAR MODULE MISSIONS
		The mission of Apollo 10 was to conduct all phases of Apollo spacecraft operations except the actual lunar landing, including rendezvous and docking between the CSM and LM in lunar orbit and descent of the LM to within 50,000 feet of the moon's surface.
		The fourth successful manned lunar landing, this was also the first of the Apollo J missions capable of a longer stay on the lunar surface and the first to carry the LRV.
		Splashdown was in the Pacific after a record 295 hours.
	users.specdata.com /home/pullo/lm_mis1.htm (751 words)

	LUNAR MODULE MISSIONS
		The mission of Apollo 10 was to conduct all phases of Apollo spacecraft operations except the actual lunar landing, including rendezvous and docking between the CSM and LM in lunar orbit and descent of the LM to within 50,000 feet of the moon's surface.
		The fourth successful manned lunar landing, this was also the first of the Apollo J missions capable of a longer stay on the lunar surface and the first to carry the LRV.
		Splashdown was in the Pacific after a record 295 hours.
	users.specdata.com /home/pullo/lm_mis1.htm (1243 words)

	Mercury Atlas 6 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As Friendship 7 crossed Cape Canaveral at the start of its second orbit, a flight controller noticed that "Segment 51", an sensor providing data on the spacecraft landing system, was giving a strange reading.
		Friendship 7 had splashed down in the Atlantic about 40 miles (60 km) short of the planned landing zone.
		Friendship 7 lost altitude in its reentry glide over the continental United States, headed toward splashdown in the Atlantic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mercury_6 (3630 words)

	SPACE.com -- Gus Grissom didn't sink the Liberty Bell 7 Mercury capsule
		But unlike Shepard's Freedom 7 spacecraft, Grissom's Liberty Bell 7 was equipped with a window and a new hatch design capable of being thrown clear by explosive charges as needed after splashdown.
		Launch and land on a weightless flight from NASA's Shuttle Landing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center on Nov. 5.
		Once the capsule splashed down, Wendt believes something pulled on the handle just enough to blow the hatch, perhaps a parachute line, or a line associated with one of the green-dye markers the capsule deployed after splashdown.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/missions/liberty_bell_000617.html (1228 words)

	Upto11.net - Wikipedia Article for Splashdown
		As an example, Scott Carpenter in Mercury 7 overshot the assigned landing zone by 400-km.
		The landing coordinates were near 32° 7' 30" N - 174° 45' W according to a chart in NASA publication SP-12 "Results of the Third U.S. Manned Orbital Space Flight, October 3, 1962".
		All later Mercury, Gemini and Apollo capsules had a flotation collar (similar to a rubber liferaft) attached to the spacecraft to increase their buoyancy.
	www.upto11.net /generic_wiki.php?q=splashdown (675 words)

	LUNAR MODULE MISSIONS
		The mission of Apollo 10 was to conduct all phases of Apollo spacecraft operations except the actual lunar landing, including rendezvous and docking between the CSM and LM in lunar orbit and descent of the LM to within 50,000 feet of the moon's surface.
		Splashdown was in the Pacific after a record 295 hours.
		Splashdown in the Pacific occurred after 301 hours 51 minutes.
	users.specdata.com /home/pullo/lm_mis1.htm (675 words)

	NASA Apollo Mission Apollo-11
		The splashdown May 26, 1969, of Apollo 10 cleared the way for the first formal attempt at a manned lunar landing.
		Six days before, the Apollo 11 launch vehicle and spacecraft half crawled from the VAB and trundled at 0.9 mph to Pad 39-A. A successful countdown test ending on July 3 showed the readiness of machines, systems, and people.
		Excerpts from a TV program broadcast by the Apollo 11 astronauts on the last evening of the flight the day before splashdown in the Pacific:
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /history/apollo/apollo-11/apollo-11.html (5714 words)

	Articles - Splashdown
		The splashdown method of landing was utilized for Mercury, Gemini and Apollo.
		All later Mercury, Gemini and Apollo capsules had a flotation collar (similar to a rubber life raft) attached to the spacecraft to increase their buoyancy.
		This idea was first proposed for the Gemini spacecraft, but was dropped in favor of the traditional parachute system.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Splashdown?mySession=5ac4a834728bfc0c1612733c8283dd7e (783 words)

	Gemini Lunar Surface Rescue Spacecraft
		This spacecraft would be piloted by two crew to a landing near a stranded Apollo lunar module.
		The ascent stage would boost the two astronauts in their Gemini capsule into a transearth trajectory for an ocean splashdown and recovery.
		This version of Gemini would allow a direct manned lunar landing mission to be undertaken in a single Saturn V flight, although it was only proposed as an Apollo rescue vehicle.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/gemcraft.htm (1197 words)

	Mercury 8
		The landing coordinates were near ~31° N - 179° 30' E. Mercury spacecraft # 16 - Sigma 7, used in the Mercury-Atlas 8 mission, is currently displayed at the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame, Titusville, FL.
		Schirra also tried "steering" by the stars (he found this difficult), took photographs with a Hasselblad camera, exercised with a bungeecord device, saw lightning in the atmosphere, broadcast the first live message from an American spacecraft to radio and TV listeners below, and made the first splashdown in the Pacific.
		Sigma 7 landed near the international date line in the Pacific Ocean, 275 miles (440 km) NE of Midway Island.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/mercury_8 (1197 words)

	John Glenn - Project Mercury Friendship 7 space history - John Glenn orbital spaceflight
		At Mercury Control Center an engineer at the telemetry control console, William Saunders, noted that "segment 51," an instrument providing data on the spacecraft landing system, was presenting a strange reading.
		Almost immediately the Mercury Control Center ordered all tracking sites to monitor the instrumentation segment closely and, in their conversations with the pilot, to mention that the landing-bag deploy switch should be in the "off" position.
		Glenn and Friendship 7 slowed down during their long reentry glide over the continental United States toward the hoped-for splashdown in the Atlantic.
	www.thespaceplace.com /history/mercury/mercury06.html (952 words)

	Articles - Splashdown
		The splashdown method of landing was utilized for Mercury, Gemini and Apollo.
		All later Mercury, Gemini and Apollo capsules had a flotation collar (similar to a rubber liferaft) attached to the spacecraft to increase their buoyancy.
		At that time, some astronauts decide to be hoisted aboard a helicopter for a ride to the recovery ship and some decided to stay with the spacecraft and be lifted aboard ship via crane.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Splashdown?mySession=5ac4a834728bfc0c1612733c8283dd7e (794 words)

	Gemini 5 Recovery Navy Diver
		The mission was marred by several failures, including an 89 mile overshoot of the landing zone due to incorrect navigation coordinates being transmitted to the spacecraft computer from the ground.
		A United States Navy diver Leaps from a helicopter during the recovery of the Gemini 5 spacecraft shortly after splashdown.
		After recovery the Gemini 5 capsule and astronauts Charles "Pete" Conrad and L. Gordon Cooper were taken to the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Lake Champlain.
	www.mach1collectibles.com /gemini_5_recovery_navy_diver.html (139 words)

	Mishin
		Returning lunar ships will be targeted for landing on Soviet territory, but there is a great probability in the event of guidance problems of a splashdown in the Indian Ocean or a landing in Iran, Pakistan, or India.
		Despite this huge commitment, Mishin now says he doesn't need any of them, that he can bring his L1 and L3 spacecraft to precision landings within the confines of the cosmodrome, eliminating the need for any Indian Ocean recoveries.
		The re-entry corridor within which landings might occur is 6000 km long and 100 km wide, stretching from Antarctica to India.
	www.astronautix.com /astros/mishin.htm (20525 words)

	spacecraft propulsion system
		Such an artificially reproduced gravity field might also absorb the basic kinetic force of impact, thus taking away the bone jarring splashdown or landing impact and reducing the need for such primitive technology as giant parachutes to slow such an advanced spacecraft.
		Such cells could be mounted in the command module to provide a very limited grav field for simple maneuvering upon reentry, and perhaps to reinforce the structural integrity of the vehicle during landing thus replacing reentry thrusters and reaction control motors for basic flight.
		By creating a 'negative' vector of gravity, and a 'positive' vector of gravity, the two unequal polarities would work to attract each other, in essence, the ship would be attracted to the polarity of the forward flight vector, in essence, 'falling' faster and faster towards the unequal charged field effect.
	www.zamandayolculuk.com /cetinbal/PROPULSIONSPACECRAFT.htm (1366 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		As a result the astronauts were obliged to cancel their planned landing on the lunar surface.
		Instead, using the power and survival systems of the LM, the astronauts swung behind the moon and were then brought back to earth by the navigating technology of the mission control center in Houston, Tex., for a splashdown south of Pago Pago in the South Pacific Ocean on April 17.
		The Gemini spacecraft carried two astronauts and was designed to operate for extended periods of time and to develop rendezvous and docking techniques with another orbiting spacecraft.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/space/humanspaceflight.html (3475 words)

	Apollos Planned, Apollos Lost Romance to Reality - Moon and Mars Mission Plans David S. F. Portree Faculty Mars Institute - To further the scientific study, exploration, and public understanding of Mars
		Except for its Earth landing system, Lunar Gemini II closely resembles Lunar Gemini I. Until June 1964, it was planned that the Earth-orbital Gemini spacecraft would deploy a paraglider during descent to Earth and glide to a land landing on skids or wheels.
		McDonnell retained this system for Lunar Gemini I, but trims weight from Lunar Gemini II by substituting a single 84-foot-diameter parachute and splashdown at sea.
		McDonnell proposes that both the two-man Apollo and the Lunar Gemini Command Modules reach the moon attached to a stack of three propulsion/service modules.
	www.marsinstitute.info /rd/faculty/dportree/rtr/ap10-1.html (1582 words)

	NASA Apollo Mission Apollo-11
		The splashdown May 26, 1969, of Apollo 10 cleared the way for the first formal attempt at a manned lunar landing.
		Six days before, the Apollo 11 launch vehicle and spacecraft half crawled from the VAB and trundled at 0.9 mph to Pad 39-A. A successful countdown test ending on July 3 showed the readiness of machines, systems, and people.
		And finally, the people at the Manned Spacecraft Center, both in management, in mission planning, in flight control, and last but not least, in crew training.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /history/apollo/apollo-11/apollo-11.html (5714 words)

	New article compton gamma ray observatory plunges into Pacific oceanin a fiery suicide.
		Goddard Space Flight Center Director Al Diaz said in a post-splashdown press conference Sunday morning that a U.S. Department of Defense aircraft
		Ground controllers here at the space agency's Goddard Space Flight Center completed a two-step procedure for crash-landing the satellite at about 2:30 a.m.
		Thrusters on the spacecraft were fired for a little over 21 minutes starting at 12 a.m.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/compton_deorbits_000604.html (5714 words)

	The Apollo 15 Flight Journal - Splashdown Day
		The results are used by the computer to check that the state vector (the spacecraft's velocity and position at a specified time) would lead to the measured angles and, if not, what change needs to be made to the vector's position (Delta-R) and velocity (Delta-V).
		Data from the entry PAD is entered in: the latitude and longitude of the landing and whether they fly heads up or down; their expected velocity, entry angle at EI and predicted maximum g force; and finally, their velocity and range to go at 0.05g, as well as the time between EI and 0.05g.]
		For example, a pilot who has just earned his instrument rating in the United States is legally qualified and permitted to land in 200 foot (60 meter) ceilings (the base of the cloud cover) and one-half mile (800 meter) visibility.
	history.nasa.gov /ap15fj/25day13_splashdown.htm (5714 words)

	John Glenn - Project Mercury Friendship 7 space history - John Glenn orbital spaceflight
		Glenn and Friendship 7 slowed down during their long reentry glide over the continental United States toward the hoped-for splashdown in the Atlantic.
		He definitely thought the luminescent "fireflies," as he dubbed the specks, were streaming past his spacecraft from ahead.
		Almost immediately the Mercury Control Center ordered all tracking sites to monitor the instrumentation segment closely and, in their conversations with the pilot, to mention that the landing-bag deploy switch should be in the "off" position.
	www.thespaceplace.com /history/mercury/mercury06.html (952 words)

	RedNova News - Moon UFO No Longer Unidentified
		Beginning their return from the moon to an April 27, 1972, splashdown, Astronauts John Young, Thomas Mattingly and Charles Duke captured about four seconds of video footage of an object that seemed to look a lot like Hollywood's version of a spacecraft from another world.
		The lunar module (LM) landed approximately 276 meters northwest of the planned landing site at about 104.5 hours ground elapsed time (GET).
		The thing was described as "a saucer-shaped object with a dome on top." The images were captured with a 16mm motion picture camera shooting at 12 frames per second from a command/service module window.
	www.rednova.com /news/stories/1/2004/04/22/story004.html (952 words)

	Astronaut Bio: Charles Moss Duke, Jr. (Brigadier General, USAF (Reserve))
		He was accompanied on the fifth manned lunar landing mission by John W. Young (spacecraft Commander) and Thomas K. Mattingly II (command module pilot).
		Apollo 16 concluded with a Pacific splashdown and subsequent recovery by the USS TICONDEROGA.
		Duke served as lunar module pilot of Apollo 16, April 16-27, 1972.
	vesuvius.jsc.nasa.gov /er/seh/duke.htm (952 words)

	Space probe
		There are concept sketches and other documentation of the U.S. space program, including Launch, Lunar Landing, First on the Moon and Splashdown.
		Enhancing the exhibition will be a sample of moon rock on loan from the Johnson Space Center, an opportunity for kids to build a futuristic spacecraft and a black room where children can pretend to enter space.
		His extensive collection of space art in a new exhibition, "Dreaming Tomorrow: The Space Art of Robert McCall," can inspire children as well as their moms and dads.
	www.azcentral.com /arizonarepublic/arizonaliving/articles/0826family0826space.html (519 words)

	Christian Science Monitor Blog ScitechBlog Archive January, 2005
		The Huygens probe scheduled to land on Saturn's giant moon Titan, Jan. 14th, "is another advanced spacecraft system that is a crucial part of the overall Cassini mission," according to the official NASA Cassini-Huygens website.
		If the probe is able to function after landing it will have approximately 30 minutes of battery life left to continue sending data to Cassini.
		If successful, Huygens will make a splashdown and take the very first extraterrestrial oceanographic measurements.
	blogs.csmonitor.com /scitechblog/2005/01 (1548 words)

	Michael Collins
		Gemini X attained an apogee of approximately 475 statute miles and traveled a distance of 1,275,091 statute miles--after which splashdown occurred in the West Atlantic, 529 miles east of Cape Kennedy.
		Collins served as command module pilot on Apollo 11, July 16-24, 1969--the first lunar landing mission.
		These accomplishments included a successful rendezvous and docking with a separately launched Agena target vehicle and, using the power of the Agena, maneuvering the Gemini spacecraft into another orbit for a rendezvous with a second, passive Agena.
	www.space-explorers.org /bios/collins.html (405 words)

	RedOrbit - Gallery - Splashdown of Apollo 12 Spacecraft
		The Apollo 12 Command Module, with Astronauts Charles Conrad Jr., Richard F. Gordon Jr., and Alan L. Bean aboard, nears splashdown in the Pacific Ocean to conclude the second lunar landing mission.
		The Apollo 12 splashdown occurred at 2:58 p.m., November 24, 1969, near American Samoa.
	www.redorbit.com /images/gallery?category_id=53&1_page=35 (89 words)

	Apollo (ASTP)
		However the flight of the last Apollo spacecraft was marred by the fact that the crew almost perished while the capsule was descending under its parachute.
		It was the last splashdown of an American space capsule.
		A failure in switchology led the automatic landing sequence to be not armed at the same time the reaction control system was still active.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/apooastp.htm (14403 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS Moon UFO No Longer Unidentified
		Beginning their return from the moon to an April 27, 1972, splashdown, Astronauts John Young, Thomas Mattingly and Charles Duke captured about four seconds of video footage of an object that seemed to look a lot like Hollywood's version of a spacecraft from another world.
		The lunar module (LM) landed approximately 276 meters northwest of the planned landing site at about 104.5 hours ground elapsed time (GET).
		The crew members for this mission were John W. Young, Commander, Thomas K. Mattingly II, Command Module Pilot, and Charles M. Duke, Jr., Lunar Module Pilot.
	www.rednova.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=54355 (545 words)

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In the News (Tue 29 Dec 09)