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Topic: Vote splitting

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	Spoiler effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For example, instant runoff voting is considered to have less frequent IIA failure than First Past the Post, and Condorcet methods are considered to have less frequent IIA failure than instant runoff voting.
		Voting methods that fail independence of clones may suffer from vote-splitting, teaming, or crowding.
		Vote splitting as an issue is usually confined to single-winner voting systems such as those used by the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada - it is not generally an issue in countries which use proportional representation such as Germany.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vote-splitting (515 words)

	Split vote - Electowiki
		A split vote, or vote splitting, occurs in an election when the existence of two or more candidates that represent relatively similar viewpoints among voters reduces the votes received by each of them, reducing the chances of any one of them winning against another candidate, who represents a significantly different viewpoint.
		Vote splitting as an issue is usually confined to first-past-the-post voting systems such as those used by the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada - it is not generally an issue in countries which use proportional represenation such as Germany.
		In the United States, a famous example of a split vote occurred in the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election when Green Party candidate Ralph Nader attracted voters who might otherwise have voted for Democratic Party candidate Al Gore because of the similar liberal platforms of both candidates.
	wiki.electorama.com /wiki/Split_vote (269 words)

	U.S. presidential election, 2004 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As in 2000, electoral votes split along sharp geographical lines: The west coast, northeast, and most of the Great Lakes region for Kerry, and the southeast, Great Plains, and Mountain states for Bush.
		One part of the controversy relates to electronic and optical-scan voting machines, which were used in greater numbers than before due to concerns over the reliability of manual machines raised during the 2000 election.
		In the January 6 House of Representatives vote at the official counting of the electoral votes, the motion to reject Ohio's electoral votes was supported by 31 Democrats.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/2004_United_States_Presidential_Election (4397 words)

	INSTANT RUNOFF VOTING FOR DUMMIES
		Instead of facing strong Challenger B in the general election, the incumbent enjoys facing the weaker candidate, Challenger C. The Anti-A vote was "split" and the weaker candidate emerged – not at all uncommon.
		We know that the voters who vote in primaries are far different from the ones who vote in the general election, so it's not surprising that, when the general election rolls around, even a weak incumbent has a huge advantage, as the people who are not as involved as primary voters weigh in.
		This is part of what contributes to the vote splitting problem – when the challengers bruise and batter each other in the primary, the defeated challenger's supporters often find the incumbent not so bad after all, and vote for the incumbent in the election or simply stay home.
	www.fairvote.net /vancouver/citywrong.htm (2214 words)

	The Alternative Vote in Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A major consequence of this is that parties distribute 'how to vote' cards to their supporters on voting day, giving them the party's preferred preference ordering for all candidates which can then be copied on to the ballot by the electors, large proportions of whom do just that.
		The most graphic example of preference votes directly affecting the choice of government occurred at the 1990 federal election, where the incumbent Australian Labor Party (ALP) was polling badly and looked to be heading for electoral defeat, and where voter support for left-of-centre parties such as the Australian Democrats and Greens reached its height.
		This was thus a 'win-win' situation for both groups: the ALP gained government with less than 40 percent of the first-preference vote, while the minor parties, which did not win lower house seats, nonetheless saw their preferred major party in government and committed to favourable policies in their areas of concern.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/es/esy_au.htm (1547 words)

	Electoral Methods: Definitions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A vote that does not correspond to the voters true preference. This correspondence is defined by the method.
		A vote that corresponds to the voters true preference. This correspondence is defined by the method.
		An insincere vote that is more likely to lead to a favorable outcome based on the electoral method and the information known to the voter.
	condorcet.org /emr/defn.shtml (670 words)

	Each person has two votes in the 2002 elections to the Bundestag
		With his/her first vote, the voter indicates directly which candidate of his/her constituency should represent him/her in the German Bundestag, whereas with his/her second vote the voter votes for the Land list of the party chosen, with a large number of candidates in the ranking shown on that list.
		In the past, it was emphasised more than once before Bundestag elections that vote splitting could be used by supporters of a party which was expected to be represented in the Bundestag to allow another party to overcome the 5% threshold by casting their second vote for that party.
		Through the possibility of excessive mandates, vote splitting is relevant for the election result from yet another aspect: Supporters of a party which has hardly any chance to obtain constituency seats may cast their first vote for another party, thus increasing that latter party's chance to get excessive mandates.
	www.destatis.de /presse/englisch/wahl2002/p2015211.htm (719 words)

	Canadian Election Results: Disappointing NDP due to failure to use “S” word
		Voting for the NDP will let the Conservatives in and Liberal policies are not that different from the NDP's anyway." This tactic yielded significant results – the NDP went from polling 20% to a final result of 16% of the popular vote.
		If the NDP's vote was not eroded by vote splitting, (equal to about 4%), they could have doubled their seats and would be in a far better position for the next election.
		The only way to avoid the vote splitting is to adopt a socialist program and explain that the capitalist Liberal and Conservative parties are incapable of solving the problems of Canadian workers.
	www.marxist.com /canada/canada_election_result0604.html (1374 words)

	Easy as 1-2-3 - The Harvard Political Review - Cover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Many people believe that the solution to this quandary lies in strategic voting, that is, voting for a major party candidate even if you prefer a third party or independent challenger.
		However, if no candidate garners a majority, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and his or her ballots are reallocated among the remaining candidates according to the second choice preferences indicated on those ballots.
		In 2000, most of the people who voted for Nader would have probably indicated Gore as their second choice, and their ballots would have given him the electoral votes of Florida and other states in which vote-splitting resulted in a Bush victory.
	www.hpronline.org /news/2002/11/11/Cover/Easy-As.123-314683.shtml (1144 words)

	Blue Mass. Group: Splitting the progressive vote
		The risk of a split vote increased substantially yesterday when the Boston Phoenix, one of Boston's largest progressive media voices, endorsed Moran.
		And yes, splitting the vote is a concern for progressive Democrats who don't want to see Greg Glennon continue the DINO tradition in the district.
		Vote splitting is not that much of a concern, because we have an escape route if Glennon manages to win the primary.
	bluemassgroup.typepad.com /blue_mass_group/2005/03/splitting_the_p.html (3496 words)

	Pilot Stories -04/02/2004 - Notes from the Hill - The March 29 vote: A short debriefing
		In a critical vote March 29, 111 legislators voted in such a way as to preclude any attempt to split, when a difference of 12 votes would have altered the outcome and opened up the possibility for a split.
		On the final vote of the day to approve the dual amendment, 105 legislators voted yes, while 92 legislators voted no. This was the most gut-wrenching vote for legislators who opposed all along the move to tie a same-sex civil union mandate to a marriage definition.
		If the no votes would have achieved a majority, then the joint session would have failed to produce any amendment and would have given same-sex marriage supporters a total victory.
	www.rcab.org /Pilot/2004/ps040402/Notes_from_Hill.html (520 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Politics -- Colorado voters face issue of splitting electoral vote
		The electoral votes would be apportioned according to the popular vote instead of all going to the candidate who comes in first.
		If either candidate ends up just four or five electoral votes shy of victory this time, the election could hang on two questions from Colorado: Will the initiative pass and will it withstand a constitutional challenge almost certain to race to the nine Supreme Court justices in Washington.
		For example, Republicans could claim a share of California's enormous pot of 55 electoral votes that would otherwise go entirely to the Democratic presidential candidate, and Democrats could snatch some of the 34 electoral votes that Texas would otherwise award to the Republican candidate.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/politics/20041004-1309-wst-election-colorado.html (794 words)

	Canadian federal election, 1988 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Infighting among the Liberals and vote splitting between the NDP and Liberals led to a second Conservative majority government, however.
		The election was the last for Canada's Social Credit movement: the party won no seats, and insignificant portion of the popular vote.
		Parties that capture less than 1% of the vote in a province are not recorded.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/c/ca/canadian_federal_election__1988.html (333 words)

	On the Folly of ‘Strategic’ Voting
		That kind of voting — for the lesser of evils — is still voting for evil.
		Third, many people hesitate to vote for the platform that truly reflects their convictions, for fear of “wasting their vote.” But the only truly wasted vote is one cast for something other than what you really believe in.
		Finally, people who vote according to how they think the election may turn out take upon themselves a responsibility that is not really theirs.
	www.chp.ca /arc-CHP-Communique/communique_11_13.htm (414 words)

	CSIndy: Splitting the vote (October 7, 2004)
		The rumors are true: Colorado's Amendment 36 may impact the outcome of what is expected to be another tight presidential election.
		If Colorado's GOP leaders are concerned about the possible effect on the outcome of the 2004 race between Bush and Democrat John F. Kerry, they are playing their cards close to their chest.
		"The issue is one person, one vote," Tupa told the Independent, noting that in close elections nearly half the state's voters are disenfranchised when all the electoral votes go to one candidate.
	www.csindy.com /csindy/2004-10-07/cover11.html (495 words)

	La Vida Crafty - Splitting the vote
		He isn't bound to be the next president, IF more people vote for the person who has the best chance of winning that ISN'T bush.
		I honestly think that if more people went to the trouble of researching voting records and past policy decisions Kerry would be they guy they like best, or at least liked enough not to feel bad about voting for him over Nader to oust the execrable Bush.
		I voted for Nader not because I thought he would make a fantastic president, but because a) I would like to see third party candidates taken more seriously in a presidential election, and b) I hated Bush and I REALLY hated Gore.
	discuss.gromco.com /snl/tz39830.html (825 words)

	Bill calls for vote on splitting district
		Residents would decide whether to split the school district in two at the Mississippi River with Elk River and Zimmerman to the north and Rogers and Otsego to the south.
		Many in the southern reaches of the district are dissatisfied with School Board politics and interested in greater local control, particularly when it comes to bond and levies.
		The state was not interested in splitting districts and it was consolidating districts instead.
	www.erstarnews.com /2005/March/22peppin.html (575 words)

	How the youth vote was miscalculated
		Pundits and political strategists had targeted the youth vote as a potential game breaker in the presidential contest, especially after the country saw a flood of new voter registration.
		Analysts offered a variety of reasons for the intense interest by young voters, starting with the fact that people of all ages were fixated on a contest that presented stark choices over contentious issues such as the economy, the war in Iraq and the threat of terrorism.
		Indeed, the Bush campaign clearly didn't write off the youth vote, perhaps mindful that many young people, especially from religious and conservative families, might be counted on to vote as their parents do.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /national/198167_youth04.html (744 words)

	Electoral Methods: Single Winner
		A voter can vote for as many alternatives as he or she wishes.
		Start by giving one point for each first preference vote, then add 1 for every second and so on until a winner can be declared.
		Each alternative's Copeland score is calculated by subtracting the number of alternatives that pairwise beat it from the number that it beats.
	condorcet.org /emr/methods.shtml (876 words)

	Cincinnati CityBeat : 06/16/2004 : Splitting the Vote
		Cincinnati CityBeat : 06/16/2004 : Splitting the Vote
		If the city voted using PR, it's possible that the Rev. Damon Lynch III -- the alternately beloved and deplored former president of the Black United Front, who narrowly missed a seat on council last year -- could be a councilman today.
		DeWine doubts there are six votes on council to put districts on the ballot, but Councilman David Pepper introduced an ordinance for districts June 8, a month after he submitted a proposal for a new mayor-council form of government.
	www.citybeat.com /2004-06-16/news.shtml (1364 words)

	Roger L. Simon: The Electoral College Perplex
		If China and India were able to cast votes for all their citizens and make them binding, the UN would never have formed.
		Having their vote swamped by the native vote feels unfair to them so they want to change the rules and break their vote out separately.
		In Minnesota, by contrast, there is a tremendous amount of state pride; people in Minnesota have often lived there for generations, their families and friends are all there, and they are justifiably proud of what they are producing in their state.
	www.rogerlsimon.com /mt-archives/2004/10/the_electoral_c.php (1197 words)

	Why I'm Voting for Ralph Nader (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In voting for him I must disregard the warnings of those who say that Nader will split the Democratic vote and throw the election to Bush.
		My reasoning is that if we all voted always on the assumption that a vote for a third party was dangerous for this reason, there would be two evil results.
		I think this easily extends to voting for a third party candidate, even though the outcome may be that only a few of us will actually vote for him.
	www.spectacle.org /1100/nader.html (357 words)

	WhoMan » Ralph Nader and vote splitting
		I chose outlining a simplistic outlook just to convey a point: the third and fourth parties’ vote splitting factor might not be as extreme as emphasized after all.
		One voter who wanted to vote for Gore, but lived in a state that was certain to go for Bush, the other, a voter who wanted to vote for Nader, but who lived in a closely contested state.
		Nader’s vote splitting abilities are indeed as extreme as emphasized and Ralph Nader’s combination of naivety and hubris may well put Bush back into the Whitehouse.
	www.whoman.net /index.php?p=248 (868 words)

	Voting System Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Similar issues arise for voting your shares as for voting in political elections.
		For example, suppose the electoral college were abolished and the candidate with the highest popular vote became the U.S. President.
		For example, voting via the internet is growing rapidly for corporate shares, but starting slowly for political voting.
	www.corpmon.com /VotingReform.htm (650 words)

	A Stranger In A Strange Land: The Electoral System Loses Another Supporter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Second, splitting electorial votes according to the proportion of popular votes a candidate receives in a current state isn't effective or efficient.
		They don't mean that a candidate has to win 50% of the popular vote to be President, otherwise it gets thrown to the House.
		The editorial's second point, that a division of electoral votes by proportion of popular vote gained would create continuous need for recounts, to say nothing of corruption, falls flat as well.
	jeffrey.theutechs.com /blog/archives/001335.html (627 words)

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