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	Spolia opima - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spolia opima (or "best spoils/trophies") refers to the armor, arms, and other effects that an ancient Roman general had stripped from the body of an opposing commander slain in single, hand-to-hand combat.
		Though the Romans recognized and put on display other sorts of trophies--such as standards and the beaks of enemy ships--spolia opima were considered the most honorable to have won and brought great fame to their captor.
		His victory occurring when it did, the chronological proximity to the initial settlement of the Emperor Augustus (then Octavian) meant that the spolia opima was swallowed in an effort to consolidate Octavians position in the eyes of the Senate, dumbing down other military leaders' efforts also.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spolia_opima (411 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, page 1054 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Of all spoils the most important were the Spolia Opima, a term applied to those only which the Commander-in-chief of a Roman army stripped in a field of battle from the leader of the foe.
		The honours of spolia opima were voted to Julius Caesar during his fifth consulship (b.
		In the days of Roman freedom clients were in the habit of testifying respect for their patron by thronging his atrium at an early hour, and escorting him to places of public resorfc when he went abroad.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-dgra/1061.html (949 words)

	Archaeolog: December 2005 Archives
		It is unknown whether or not these spolia are in their original secondary placement contexts [with the first placement being the ancient Roman use], although since most of the original medieval structures are now either lost or modified beyond recognition, some may be in tertiary reuse.
		The parish church of Bourg-St-Pierre is an ideal location to display Roman spolia en route to and from Italy in the medieval world, both as a reminder of former imperial Roman control even in the mountains of Valais and as a Carolingian reminder of Christian conquest over Roman paganism.
		Spolia or Spoils of War as a Classical tradition can be seen in early on in Spolia opima dedicated in the temple of Jupiter Feretrius by a victorious Roman general who had slain an equal enemy in combat.
	traumwerk.stanford.edu /archaeolog/2005/12 (7014 words)

	November 11, 2004: RE: developing subject files (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Properly, spolia should be restricted to plundered weapons and armor.
		The most important spolia were the spolia opima.
		Spolia opima refers to the plundered weapons and armor taken by the Roman commander-in-chief from the enemy king."] Bob Webb.
	www.hamline.edu /~wnk/notabene/2003/msg05307.html (183 words)

	ROMAN RELIGION - LoveToKnow Article on ROMAN RELIGION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Tree-worship (q.v.) again is a constantly recurring feature, seen, for instance, in the permanently sacred character of the ficus Ruminalis and the caprificus of the Campus Martius, and above all in the oak of luppiter Feretritts, on which the spolia opima were hung after a victory.
		Jupiter in the rusticcult was a sky-god concerned mainly with the wine festivals and associated with the sacred oak on the Capitol.
		Now he develops a twofold character: as the receiver of the spolia opima he becomes associated with war, especially in the double character of the stayer of rout (Stator) and the giver Of victory (Victor), in which last capacity he later gives birth to an offshoot in the abstract conception of the goddess Victoria.
	16.1911encyclopedia.org /R/RO/ROMAN_RELIGION.htm (4248 words)

	November 11, 2004: Re: RE: developing subject files
		Properly, > spolia should be restricted to plundered weapons and armor.
		The most > important spolia were the spolia opima.
		Spolia opima refers to the > plunderedweapons and armor taken by the Roman commander-in-chief > from the enemy > king."] > > Bob Webb.
	www.hamline.edu /~wnk/notabene/2003/msg05309.html (269 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2002.03.21
		On the south side Romulus was shown as the first winner of the spolia opima, spoils taken by killing an enemy commander (in this case Acron, king of Caenina), carrying his spear in his right hand and with the spoils as a trophy over his left shoulder.
		As earlier scholars have recognized, this was the first depiction in art of Romulus as winner of the spolia opima.
		After winning the spolia opima, Romulus had built a temple to Jupiter Feretrius to receive his spoils and those of others who should perform the same feat.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2002/2002-03-21.html (2910 words)

	Marcellus biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He was consul for the first time in 222 B.C., and obtained a decisive victory over the Insubrians in Cisalpine Gaul, slaying with his own hand their King, Britomartus or Viridomarus, whose spoils he dedicated to Jupiter; for this he was honored with a triumph.
		This was the third and last occasion in Roman history on which spolia opima were offered to Jupiter Feretrius.
		In the course of two years he thrice repulsed the Carthaginian general at this place.
	www.dromo.info /marcellusbio.htm (296 words)

	Spring 2001 Classics 100B--Orientation to Livy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		There follows Livy's account of Aulus Cornelius Cossus's feat by which he won the exceptional "spoils of honor" (spolia opima), awarded to an officer or general for slaying the enemy commander with his own hand-last won supposedly by Romulus himself (pp.
		The spolia opima give a nice sense of the martial character of aristocratic Roman values.
		According to tradition and doubtless in actual fact, since the period of the kings Rome had been in intermittent conflict with its neighbor Veii, an important Etruscan city across the Tiber and only nine miles to the north.
	www.classics.ucsb.edu /courses/MorsteinMarx/CLASS100B/S01/Livy.html (1563 words)

	Livy 3: Characteristics
		These spolia opima were very prestigious, and only two republican commanders ever visited the temple of Jupiter Feretrius: Cossus in the late fifth century and Marcellus in 222.
		In 29 BCE, however, a Roman commander named Marcus Licinius Crassus (grandson of the triumvir) claimed spolia opima.
		To the emperor Augustus, this was too much prestige for an ordinary commander, and he invented a new rule, saying that only consuls were entitled to this honor.
	www.livius.org /li-ln/livy/livy3.html (1271 words)

	Politian
		Before he reached the age of thirty, Poliziano expounded the humanities with almost unexampled lustre even for that epoch of brilliant professors.
		Among his pupils could be numbered the chief students of Europe, the men who were destined to carry to their homes the spolia opima of Italian culture.
		Not to mention Italians, it will suffice to record the names of the German Johann Reuchlin, the English Grocyn and Linacre, and the Portuguese Tessiras.
	www.nndb.com /people/740/000096452 (1427 words)

	Plan of the Forum of Augustus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		On either side of the temple the walls of the precinct curved outward into hemicycles.
		In the southeast hemicycle stood a statue of Romulus with the spolia opima, the armor and booty taken from an enemy commander who had been killed by a Roman general.
		In the northwest hemicycle stood a statue group of Aeneas carrying his father Anchises (who held the sacred Penates of Troy) and holding his son Ascanius by the hand.
	www.vroma.org /~bmcmanus/forumaugplan.html (290 words)

	Mandikat. Ad absurdum.
		He was the drummer for Spolia Opima, a band I played the synth for.
		He is a phenominal drum player, and he hates the snare as much as I do.
		Joe Aherns — Used to be the guitar player for my band, Spolia Opima.
	themandikat.diaryland.com /cast.html (1303 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Augustus
		In 27 BC, then, he was awarded a triumph but he went further: he claimed the ancient honor of spolia opima ("the most honorable spoils"), awarded to a Roman commander who had slain his counterpart with his own hand.
		Since Crassus's claim to the spolia opima would have raised Crassus into the uppermost echelons of military glory, it had the potential to confuse the soldiers' loyalty toward Augustus.
		[[46]] On the Crassus affair, see Dio 52.23.2-27.3; Livy 4.19-20 (the previous awards of spolia opima were to A. Cornelius Cossus in the late fifth century BC and M. Claudius Marcellus in 222 BC).
	www.roman-emperors.org /auggie.htm (18000 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of Plutarch's Lives, Vol.II, by Aubrey Stewart & George Long.
		The word for ordinary spoils is spolia, but for these spolia opima.
		But the most common story runs that those spoils alone are spolia opima which are taken at a pitched battle, and first of all, and by the general of [Pg 41]the one side from the general of the other.
		Marcellus at once sent a garrison of fifteen hundred men to guard the city, and afterwards, in obedience to a senatus-consultum, went to Canusium, and taking command of the fugitives collected there, led them out of their fortified camp, to show that he would not deliver up the country to the enemy.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/14114/14114-h/14114-h.htm (13425 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The senate likewise, among various other honours, de- creed for him a triumphal arch of marble, with trophies, in the Appian Way, and gave the cognomen of German- icus to him and his posterity.
		In him the civil and mili- tary virtues were equally displayed; for, besides his vic- tories, he gained from the enemy the Spolia Opima,l and frequently marked out the German chiefs in the midst of their army, and encountered them in single combat at the utmost hazard of his life.
		They were always hung up in the Temple of Jupiter Feretrius.
	geryon.perseus.tufts.edu /data/\claud000.txt (1817 words)

	Spolia opima: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Spolia opima: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic
		Spolia opima (or "best spoils/trophies") refers to the armor, Exception Handler: No article summary found.
		the Romans recognized only three instances of spolia opima having been taken, Exception Handler: No article summary found.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/spolia_opima (757 words)

	Viridomarus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Viridomarus (died 222 BC) was a Gaulish military leader who led an army against an army of the Roman Republic at the Battle of Clastidium.
		The Romans won the battle, and in the process, Marcus Claudius Marcellus, the Roman leader, earned the spolia opima by killing Viridomarus in single combat.
		This page was last modified 20:28, 3 March 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Viridomarus (86 words)

	Footnotes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Otherwise, "do they not show what are the sports and the honours of your gods?"
		Davis conjectures that they should be, "When Feretrius, he does not hear," and explains the allusion as follows: that Jupiter Feretrius could only be approached with the spolia opima; and Minucius is covertly ridiculing the Romans, because, not having taken spolia opima for so long a time, they could not approach Feretrius.
		Some read, "and it is marvellous how these have prejudiced," etc.
	www.tparents.org /library/religion/christian/fathers/anf-04/footnote/fn56.htm (379 words)

	I,Claudius Project: Suetonius, Claudius 1
		Fuisse autem creditur non minus gloriosi quam civilis animi; nam ex hoste super victorias opima quoque spolia captasse summoque saepius discrimine duces Germanorum tota acie insectatus; nec dissimulasse umquam pristinum se rei p.
		The senate likewise, among various other honours, decreed for him a triumphal arch of marble, with trophies, in the Appian Way, and gave the cognomen of Germanicus to him and his posterity.
		In him the civil and military virtues were equally displayed; for, besides his victories, he gained from the enemy the Spolia Opima, and frequently marked out the German chiefs in the midst of their army, and encountered them in single combat at the utmost hazard of his life.
	www.anselm.edu /internet/classics/I,CLAUDIUS/Suetonius/SuetCL01.html (682 words)

	The Story of W. J. E. Bennett, by F. Bennett
		Bennett's extreme conscientiousness with respect to his duty to his Bishop set forth the Catholic Movement more than anything else he had done, and that he gained more adherents for the cause by his departure than he would have done by remaining there?
		Bennett resigned S. Barnabas', informed its readers, with a flourish of trumpets, that "we may fairly count the spolia opima of Mr.
		Bennett as among the first substantial triumphs of the Protestant Cause." Spolia opima, it may be explained for the benefit of those less learned than the Times, were the arms taken on the field of battle by the victorious general from the general whom he had vanquished.
	anglicanhistory.org /england/bennett/bio/08.html (6499 words)

	Definition of spolia opima - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Definition of spolia opima - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		For More Information on "spolia opima" go to Britannica.com
		Get the Top 10 Search Results for "spolia opima"
	www.m-w.com /dictionary/spolia+opima (95 words)

	McManus Images Index Roman Coins: Republic and Principate
		Claudius Marcellus, who served as consul 5 times in the late third century CE.
		On the reverse, Marcellus is shown with his toga pulled over his head, carrying the spoils (spolia opima) he won by killing an enemy king during the conquest of Cisalpine Gaul in 222 BCE.
		The temple is presumably that of Jupiter Feretrius on the Capitoline, where the spolia opima were deposited.
	www.vroma.org /images/mcmanus_images/indexcoins.html (3609 words)

	The History of Protestantism - Volume First - Book Ninth - History of Protestantism From the Diet of Worms, 1521, to ...
		In Spain there remain to this day cities of an age still more remote, and an architecture still more curious.
		There is Cordova, with its wonderful mosque, fashioned out of the spolia opima of Africa and the Levant, and spread around this unique temple is perhaps the greatest labyrinth of narrow and winding lanes that anywhere exists.
		But there is no city in Northern Europe–no relic of the architecture of the Germanic nations, when that architecture was in its prime, or had but recently begun to decline, at all to be compared with Nuremberg.
	www.doctrine.org /history/HPv1b9.htm (15944 words)

	The Purchase Price by Emerson Hough : Arthur's Classic Novels
		But now, tell me, was not our drunken friend right?
		Have not the spolia opima, the rarest prizes, always been his?"
		Carlisle only sat silent, looking at him, pale now, and rigid.
	arthurwendover.com /arthurs/hough/purpri10.html (20208 words)

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