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Topic: Spondylolisthesis

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	eMedicine - Spondylolisthesis : Article by Zubin Irani
		Spondylolisthesis is a descriptive term referring to slippage (usually forward) of a vertebra and the spine above it relative to the vertebra below.
		Spondylolisthesis has many etiologies, all of which ultimately lead to a loss of the stability offered by the locking mechanism of the articular processes of the vertebrae that allow the superior vertebrae to slide forward over the inferior vertebrae (see Anatomy).
		Spondylolisthesis is evaluated best on lateral topogram but can be suggested in patients with spinal stenosis in the absence of disk pathology, posterior hypertrophic changes, or a congenitally narrow spinal canal.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic651.htm (5464 words)

	Roentgen Report - Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis \| Deborah Pate, DC, DACBR
		Spondylolisthesis is defined as a subluxation of one vertebral body on another; displacement generally is understood that the superior vertebral body is displaced anterior in relationship to the inferior vertebral body.
		In isthmic spondylolisthesis, the cause of the spondylolisthesis is due to a spondylolysis of the pars, and therefore allows the anterior slippage of one vertebrae on another.
		Traumatic spondylolisthesis is almost always due to a fracture of the posterior arch which allows for slippage of the fractured vertebrae on the adjacent segment.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/12/24/13.html (482 words)

	[No title]
		Spondylolisthesis is most easily seen on the lateral view of the spine, but in some cases specialized imaging studies such as a bone scan or CT scan (CAT scan) are needed to make the diagnosis.
		The diagnosis of spondylolysis is confirmed by the discovery of a pars defect on a lateral roentgenogram and spondylolisthesis is confirmed by noting the forward position of one vertebral body on another.
		Type I is called dysplastic spondylolisthesis and is secondary to a congenital defect of either the superior sacral or inferior L5 facets or both with gradual slipping of the L5 vertebra.
	www.back.com /stripcontent.php?parent_file=/causes-mechanical-spondylolisthesis.html (1055 words)

	Dr. Koop - Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		Spondylolisthesis is an anterior or posterior slipping or displacement of one vertebra or another.
		The term spondylolisthesis was coined in 1854 from the Greek "spondylo" meaning vertebra and "olisthesis" meaning slip.
		Both spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis can be present at birth or occur through an injury.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/43/424.html (727 words)

	Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis - Tutorial
		Spondylolisthesis of the thoracic and cervical spine are rare.
		Spondylolisthesis is more common in adolescent athletes, such as female gymnasts and football players (Slide 1).
		Isthmic spondylolisthesis is characterized by acute or chronic fracture of the pars.
	www.ortho.hyperguides.com /Tutorials/pediatric_ort/spon/tutorial.asp (1234 words)

	Spondylolisthesis
		Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which one of the bones of the spine (vertebrae) slips out of place onto the vertebra below it.
		Treatment for spondylolisthesis depends on several factors, including the age and overall health of the person, the extent of the slip, and the severity of the symptoms.
		The main goals of surgery for spondylolisthesis are to relieve the pain associated with an irritated nerve, to stabilize the spine where the vertebra has slipped out of place, and to increase the person’s ability to function.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/3900/3911.asp?index=10302 (1185 words)

	Spondylolisthesis/Spondylolysis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Isthmic spondylolisthesis (or spondylolysis) commonly caused by fatigue or stress fracture of the pars interarticularis.
		Degenerative spondylolisthesis is usually a result of long-standing instability, most commonly at the junction of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae.
		Spondylolisthesis is one of the few spine problems that may be diagnosed with plain lumbar spine x-rays.
	www.cinn.org /isc/spondylolisthesis.html (863 words)

	Isthmic vs. Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: Using the "Wide Canal Sign"
		Spondylolisthesis is generally defined as the anterior shift of one vertebral body on another (the segment below it).
		By using the simple anatomic concept that a spondylolisthesis associated with a break in the pars will demonstrate an increase in the sagittal diameter of the spinal canal, the two etiologies can be differentiated.
		A simple method is to use the middle of the posterior margin of the vertebral body and the spino-laminar junction as an estimate of the spinal canal, and compare the level with the spondylolisthesis and the adjacent levels.
	www.chiroweb.com /columnist/pate (328 words)

	Spine Inc. - Spondylolisthesis
		Although spondylolisthesis can be caused by many pathologic entities, degenerative spondylolisthesis is by far the most common.
		Spondylolisthesis is also associated with deterioration of the facet joints connecting the two vertebra.
		The diagnosis of Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis is dependent on seeing the abnormality on either X-rays, CAT scan or MRI scan.
	www.spine-inc.com /glossary/s/spondylolisthesis.htm (1073 words)

	Sports Medicine Advisor 2004.2: Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
		Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which a break in both sides of the ring allows the body of the vertebra to slip forward.
		Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis most commonly occur at the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebrae.
		If you have spondylolysis you may be able to prevent progression to spondylolisthesis by doing back exercises and by avoiding forced back extension activities, such as might occur during tackling in football.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/sma/sma_spondyl_sma.htm (616 words)

	Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
		Spondylolisthesis refers to the relative translation of adjacent Vertebra in the spine.
		Although spondylolisthesis can be caused by various pathologic states in the spine, Isthmic Spondylolisthesis is produced when bones (pars interarticularis) connecting the facet joints in the posterior spine are fractured causing anteriolisthesis of the vertebra.
		Anterior-only surgery for spondylolisthesis is risky because the potential instability created by the pars fractures does not lend itself to correction by the placement of dowel grafts or cages primarily.
	www.espine.com /diagnosis_is.html (840 words)

	Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Spondylolisthesis is a slipped vertebral element (listhesis means slipping of one spinal element on the other).
		In this procedure, spinal fusion, a healthy piece of bone (usually from the pelvis) is grafted onto the weakened area of the vertebrae.
		Often, this degree of spondylolisthesis has put a lot of pressure and traction on the nerves of the spine, causing leg pain.
	www.physicaltherapywebsites.com /library/ch11/spondylolysis_and_spondylolisthe.asp (488 words)

	Penn State Orthopaedics - Spine Services, Spondylolisthesis
		Spondylolisthesis is defined as a forward subluxation (malalignment) of one vertebra in relation to the one below.
		In the case of isthmic spondylolisthesis the underlying cause of the problem is a small stress fracture in the posterior arch of the slipped vertebra.
		In most adult cases of spondylolisthesis, the untreated condition is not dangerous in terms of the chance of death or eventual paralysis.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /orthopaedics/services/spine/spondylolisthesis.htm (1623 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Spondylolisthesis
		Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which a bone (vertebra) in the lower part of the spine slips forward and onto a bone below it.
		In children, spondylolisthesis usually occurs between the fifth bone in the lower back (lumbar vertebra) and the first bone in the sacrum area.
		It is often due to a birth defect in that area of the spine.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001260.htm (546 words)

	Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
		Spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition in which one vertebra slips forward over the vertebra below.
		Degenerative spondylolisthesis is usually the result of age and "wear and tear" on the spine that breaks down vertebral components.
		For most cases of degenerative spondylolisthesis, treatment consists of temporary bed rest, restriction of the activities that caused the onset of symptoms, pain/ anti-inflammatory medications, steroid-anesthetic injections, physical therapy and/or spinal bracing.
	www.coloradospineinstitute.com /conditions/degenerative-spondylolisthesis_7.html (843 words)

	[No title]
		Spondylolisthesis has been regarded as a contraindication to participation in several different sports.
		The cases of spondylolisthesis were generally moderate`, with a mean slip of 12 degrees.
		Low-grade spondylolisthesis would not appear to be a contraindication to a ballet career, at least for these physically talented individuals.
	www.chiro.org /chiro-list/newsfile/spondyok.txt (743 words)

	Spondylolisthesis - Spondylolysis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In Type III, degenerative spondylolisthesis there is no pars defect and the vertebral slippage is never greater than 30%.
		Spondylolisthesis is most common in the lumbar area.
		Other causes of spondylolisthesis include stressfractures (caused by repetitive hyper-extension of the back, commonly seen in gymnasts), and traumatic fractures.
	www.brispine.com.au /spondylolisthesis.html (666 words)

	Orthospine.com
		Spondylolisthesis describes a condition of forward slippage of one vertebrae in the spine over another.
		Imaging tests, such as MRI and CT scans are very helpful in demonstrating the degree of spine slippage in spondylolisthesis and any areas of stenosis, or a 'pinched nerve' in a narrow spinal canal.
		Various surgical approaches have been developed to treat adult spondylolisthesis the treatment for spondylolisthesis must aim at not only freeing up a narrowed spinal canal (commonly called a decompression) but more importantly at stabilizing the spine in an optimal position.
	www.orthospine.com /medical_conditions/spondy_adults.html (359 words)

	Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis
		Spondylolisthesis is the term used to describe the presence of a spondylolysis where there has also been anterior translation of the vertebra with the lysis (usually L5), on the vertebra below (usually the sacrum).
		In the majority of cases the degree of anterior translation is slight, but in approximately 20% of cases the displacement of the upper vertebra can be marked.
		The development of a spondylolysis which then goes on to a spondylolisthesis is usually associated with significant low back pain, but in most cases the situation will stabilise and pain will settle.
	www.spine.com.au /spondylolysis_&_spondylolisthesis.htm (738 words)

	Spondylolisthesis
		The current pathways of treatment for spondylolisthesis are presented and discussed on the background of our own experience and the available literature.
		If there are no risk factors as trapezoid shape of the vertebra, if you have no marked rotation of the vertebra, no dome-shaped deformity and if there is only a small disc interspace, and if the shear stresses are not too high, rigid instrumentation and a posterolateral fusion will suffice.
		Spondylolisthesis L3 If we have no risk factors and nor shear-stresses, a semi-rigid instrumentation after reduction is sufficient.
	www.uni-duesseldorf.de /WWW/MedFak/Orthopaedie/journal/issue23-97/Tx197_2.html (1906 words)

	Spondylolisthesis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The incidence of a C7 spondylolisthesis has never been reported, and this paper shows the presence of C7 and L4 degenerative spondylolisthesis in a a 66-yr-old female; no report of this combined problem has been reported.
		Ten true spondylolisthesis patients, nine with the lesion at L5 and one at L3, were tested by vertical suspension radiography compared to neutral lateral weight-bearing x-ray to determine translational segmental instability.
		Results found that all five patients with stable spondylolisthesis cases obtained 75% or greater relief from chiropractic adjustment of the type used by the author, whereas one with the unstable variety experienced over 75% relief while the other four had less than 50% relief of pain.
	www.coxtechnic.com /spondylolisthesis.html (266 words)

	Alar Transverse Fusion For Spondylolisthesis in Children
		Spondylolysis with or without spondylolisthesis is a relatively common condition in the paediatric population with an overall incidence between 4-6%.
		The aim of this study was therefore to assess in-situ and corrective alar transverse fusion in the treatment of all grades of spondylolisthesis in the paediatric population.
		The lack of degenerative changes and exclusion of causes producing spondylolisthesis secondary to structural weakness of the bone or supporting tissues suggest that spondylolisthesis in immature patients should be viewed as a distinct clinical entity.
	www.iol.ie /~rcsiorth/journal/volume3/issue1/trans.htm (1907 words)

	eSpine.com--Spondylolisthesis
		Spondylolisthesis is defined as the movement of adjacent vertebra relative to each other.
		Spinal instability in degenerative spondylolisthesis has important implications in the ultimate treatment of this disease Conservative therapy is always the first treatment for any degenerative spinal disorder.
		Surgery for degenerative spondylolisthesis is one of the most gratifying spinal operations from the surgeons standpoint.
	www.espine.com /spondylolithesis.html (708 words)

	Maryland Spine Center - Spondylolysis Spondylolisthesis
		Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis are not your everyday terms thrown around by people who suffer from back pain.
		Spondylolisthesis is the term used to describe when one vertebra slips forward on the one below it.
		The diagnosis of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis is dependent on seeing the abnormality on either: X-rays, a CAT scan, or an MRI scan.
	www.umm.edu /spinecenter/education/spondylolysis_spondylolisthesis.html (1423 words)

	Spondylolisthesis: Back Condition and Treatment
		Welcome to the Explaining Spondylolisthesis section, which is designed to help you learn more about spondylolisthesis and how it is treated.
		So, a spondylolisthesis is a forward slip of one vertebra (i.e., one of the 33 bones of the spinal column) relative to another.
		This type of spondylolisthesis may exist at birth, or may develop during childhood, but generally is not noticed until later in childhood or even in adult life.
	www.spineuniverse.com /displayarticle.php/article114.html (819 words)

	Your Orthopaedic Connection: Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
		In either case, the result is a stress fracture on one or both sides of the vertebra.
		Spondylolisthesis can cause spasms that stiffen the back and tighten the hamstring muscles, resulting in changes to posture and gait.
		This lateral X-ray of the lumbrosacral spine demonstrates the forward shift in the fifth lumbar vertebra on the sacrum (L5-S1 spondylolisthesis).
	orthoinfo.aaos.org /fact/thr_report.cfm?Thread_ID=155&topcategory=Spine (621 words)

	Spondylolisthesis
		Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slips forward in relation to an adjacent vertebra, usually in the lumbar spine.
		Spondylolisthesis can be congenital (present at birth) or develop during childhood or later in life.
		Another type of spondylolisthesis is degenerative spondylolisthesis, occurring usually after age 50.
	www.spineuniverse.com /displayarticle.php/article1430.html (467 words)

	Adult Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
		However, since isthmic spondylolisthesis is not always painful, the presence of a crack (spondylolysis) and slip (spondylolisthesis) on the X-ray does not mean that this is the source of your symptoms.
		If isthmic spondylolisthesis is present, it can be graded as I, II, III or IV (Figure 2) based on how far forward the vertebra has slipped.
		The presence of this "cracked vertebra" (spondylolysis) or "slippage" (spondylolisthesis) by itself usually does not represent a dangerous condition in the adult.
	www.spine.org /articles/spondylolisthesis.cfm (1395 words)

	Orthoseek \| Orthopedic Topics \| Spondylolysis and Sponylolisthesis
		Spondylolysis is the commonest cause of spondylolisthesis, and is sometimes referred to as isthmic spondylolisthesis, since the defect is in the isthmus.
		The commonest cause of spondylolisthesis is spondylolysis, and it is the cause of spondylolysis that is the subject of intense debate.
		This is usually due to spondylolisthesis, causing muscle spasm in the back that makes the back stiff, and tight hamstrings causing the child to walk with the knees bent, and a short stride.
	www.orthoseek.com /articles/spondyl.html (1399 words)

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