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Topic: Spoofed URL

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	The Whole-Web Spoofing Attack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Spoofing attacks are possible in the physical world as well as the electronic one.
		Examples of such attacks include TCP spoofing [4], in which Internet packets are sent with forged return addresses, and DNS spoofing [5], in which the attacker forges information about which machine names correspond to which network addresses.
		Spoofing of forms works naturally because forms are integrated closely into the basic Web protocols: form submissions are encoded in URLs and the replies are ordinary HTML Since any URL can be spoofed, forms can also be spoofed.
	bau2.uibk.ac.at /matic/spoofing.htm (3266 words)

	IP address spoofing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		IP spoofing involves modifying the packet header, which lists, among other things, the source IP, destination IP, a checksum value, and most importantly, the order value in which it was sent.
		Protocol spoofing is also used as a data compression technique, and was used as early as 1985 when the Hayes Smartmodem incorporated spoofing of portions of the UUCP protocol to improve throughput.
		The term spoofing is also sometimes used to refer to header forgery, the insertion of false or misleading information in email or netnews headers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Internet_protocol_spoofing (783 words)

	Mozilla Partially Vulnerable to Internet Explorer URL Spoofing Security Flaw - MozillaZine Talkback
		The Address Bar URL spoofing flaw was originally reported by Sam "Zap The Dingbat" Greenhalgh, who provided details of the exploit and a demonstration.
		The URL in the status bar when hovering over the link said "<http://www.microsoft.com>" If it were a valid URL Firebird would have said "<http://www.microsoft.com/>" If you really pay that much attention to what's in your status bar (that you're going to base your navigation on it), you'd probably notice that one character difference.
		If I type a URL like <http://www.mozilla.org><%00@microsoft.com> then the status bar displays <http://www.mozilla.org> This is significant because there are many many situations in which people are free to enter this type of URL but cannot use scripts - for example in email (by default).
	www.mozillazine.org /talkback.html?article=4078 (2885 words)

	SANS Institute - Intrusion Detection FAQ: Reconnaissance Techniques using Spoofed IP Addresses
		While the focus of this paper is the use of spoofed IP addresses for reconnaissance, it is important to note that the same methods can also be used to facilitate attacks.
		Because, by definition, the spoofed packet does not return to the attacker’s system, spoofed packets are often overlooked as methods of reconnaissance.
		Another sneaky way that attackers can use spoofed IP addresses to hide their trail is through indirect observation of the responses to their attack.
	www.sans.org /resources/idfaq/spoofed_ip.php (2196 words)

	What is spoof? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		IP spoofing, for example, involves trickery that makes a message appear as if it came from an authorized IP address.
		Spoofing is also used as a network management technique to reduce traffic.
		To reduce this problem, routers and other network devices can be programmed to spoof replies from the remote nodes.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/s/spoof.html (195 words)

	Clever Phishers Dodge Spoofed Site Shutdowns - News by InformationWeek
		Mar 10, 2006 02:05 PM Fraudsters are using a new technique to keep their spoofed Web sites up and running even as authorities pull the plug, a security expert said this week.
		When the phishing e-mails go out, all include a link to yet another site, a "central redirector." When the potential victim clicks on the e-mailed link, the redirector checks all the phishing sites, identifies which are still live, and invisibly redirects the user to one.
		Phishers first hosted their spoofed site at only one location, but defenders got wise and would track down the site's Internet service provider and convince it to shut down the illegal URL.
	www.informationweek.com /news/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=181502830 (442 words)

	Company: People’s Bank (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The phishing URL, http://205.232.131.2/www.peoples.com/index.html, may be seen in the status bar once the mouse is hovered over the visible link.
		The visible differences of the spoofed Web site as opposed to the official one are the URL displayed on the address bar and the absence of the security icon on the browser’s status bar.
		After logging onto the spoofed Web site, it takes users to a confirmation page asking for their account information such as full name, Card type, Card number, expiration date, Card verification number, and PIN and their complete billing address.
	www.trendmicro.com /en/security/phishing/overview/phish050518a.htm (383 words)

	Spoofed URL - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During such an attack, a computer user innocently visits a web site and sees a familiar URL in the address bar such as http://www.wikipedia.org but is, in reality, sending information to an entirely different location that would typically be monitored by an information thief.
		In another variation, a website may look like the original, but is in fact a parody of it.
		Such an example can be found at www.whitehouse.org (a spoof of www.whitehouse.gov).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spoofed_URL (246 words)

	Phishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		By doing so, if recipients attempt to confirm the authenticity of the message by calling the company, they will be assured that the person that acts as spokesman of the company does actually work for the company.
		In fact, both the contents and the web address (URL) are spoofed and simply imitate legitimate contents.
		On most occasions, the best strategy is to threaten them with either financial loss or loss of the account itself if the instructions outlined in the forged email are not followed, which usually refer to new security measures recommended by the company.
	www.pandasoftware.com /virus_info/about_virus/keys10.htm (723 words)

	ScientIS :: Security :: Phishing (Scam Email) ...
		URL Link Checker to verify URL link is not spoofed/cloaked (before you use it)
		Spoofed URL Checker to determine if you are at a web page that is exploiting this vulnerability
		The Netcraft Toolbar blocks known spoofed (fake) website, traps suspicious charaters in URLs, shows the country where the website is located, and presents a "Risk Rating" for each website.
	www.scientis.com /Security/Phishing.html (1346 words)

	What is e-mail spoofing? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		There is an SMTP service extension (RFC 2554) that allows an SMTP client to negotiate a security level with a mail server.
		But if this precaution is not taken anyone with the know-how can connect to the server and use it to send spoofed messages by altering the header information.
		A general overview of email spoofing and the problems that can result from it.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/E/e_mail_spoofing.html (314 words)

	Recent Events in Pocket PC Security
		This URL spoofing (obfuscation) presents a possible security risk for all Pocket PC users that use Pocket Internet Explorer on the internet or intranet.
		AirScanner has documented the URL spoofing on their website at http://www.airscanner.com/tests/ie_flaw/ie_attack.htm.
		From my testing the URL Spoofing and local file viewing security issues do not exist for the Smartphone 2002.
	www.pocketpcfaq.com /security/newthreats05.htm (962 words)

	ISS X-Force Database: ie-table-status-spoofing(17909): Microsoft Internet Explorer table status bar spoofing
		A remote attacker could create a specially-crafted URL link containing A HREF tags that specify a spoofed address and within these tags, TABLE tags that specify the destination address, which will cause the spoofed URL to be displayed in the status bar, once the victim places the mouse over the link.
		CVE-2004-1121: Apple Safari 1.0 through 1.2.3 allows remote attackers to spoof the URL displayed in the status bar via TABLE tags.
		CVE-2005-4679: Internet Explorer 6 for Windows XP Service Pack 2 allows remote attackers to spoof the URL in the status bar via the title in an image in a link to a trusted site within a form to the malicious site.
	xforce.iss.net /xforce/xfdb/17909 (526 words)

	Recent Events in Pocket PC Security :: May 2005
		This malicious redirecting is called "URL spoofing," and it presents a possible security risk for all Pocket Internet Explorer users using the Internet or on an Intranet.
		AirScanner has documented the URL spoofing, which they refer to as "URL obfuscation." For more on this, visit their Web site (http://www.airscanner.com/te...
		From my testing the URL spoofing and local file viewing security vulnerabilities do not exist on the Smartphone 2002.
	www.pocketpcmag.com /_archives/May05/directions.aspx (1140 words)

	How Sticky Password Manager protects you against phishing and identity theft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Phishing attacks involve the mass distribution of 'spoofed' e-mail messages with return addresses, links, and branding which appear to come from banks, insurance agencies, retailers or credit card companies.
		These fraudulent messages are designed to fool the recipients into divulging personal authentication data such as account user names and passwords, credit card numbers, social security numbers, etc. Because these emails look "official", up to 20% of recipients may respond to them, resulting in financial losses, identity theft, and other fraudulent activity.
		The password will not be remembered automatically if you open 'spoofed' URL which visually looks like original: 'https://signin.ebay.com:ws@somewebsite.net...'.
	www.stickypassword.com /sticky-password-anti-fishing.html (381 words)

	Blue Coat Systems
		The javascript code detects if the page was reached using a spoofed url.
		If a spoofed page was already in your web browser cache before you installed the above policy, then the web browser will not refetch the page from the ProxySG, and the javascript will not be inserted.
		The solution is to clear your browser cache before testing spoofed urls.
	www.bluecoat.com /support/self-service/2/prevent_ie_url_spoof.html (317 words)

	Random Bytes...by Ross Rader :: Code
		URL spoofing allows a scammer to easily deceive an internet user into thinking that the website that they are viewing is actually run by a reputable company.
		Unless you look closely and know what to look for, you can't really tell that this is a spoofed URL that directs you to visit a counterfeit website run by a scammer (usually for the purpose of fooling you into provide credit card or banking information).
		I was hoping that MS and the other browser makers would go this route.
	www.byte.org /blog/random_bytes/Code/start=2004-02-05 (1320 words)

	NYPHP - PHundamentals - Spoofed Form Submissions
		Since, from a strict protocol perspective, the only thing you know is that HTTP requests and responses are going back and forth, there is no definitive way to know that a form submission has not been "spoofed".
		Therefore, our recommended "best practice" reduces the possibility of a spoofed form submission by relying on the use of a "shared secret" and, reducing the possiblity of unwanted values being submitted by outlining a general architecture for handling data and forms.
		Also referred to as one-time tokens or hashes, the idea is typically the same.
	www.nyphp.org /phundamentals/spoofed_submission.php (993 words)

	A Front Row Seat to a Major Attack
		The vulnerability would be exploited by the url in the sub frame on a page when the victim uses the "history back" function, otherwise know as the back button.
		The problem was that a URL be made in such a way to mask the true address, and show a false one.
		A URL can be spoofed in Internet Explorer through the use of a "feature" Microsoft incorporated that allowed authentication information (name and/or password) to be passed to a site for convenience.
	www.pcmag.com /article2/0,1759,1522722,00.asp (1116 words)

	plug-0312: Re: [PLUG] spoofed url for ebay
		1) urls of the form a@b are perfectly valid where "a" is "authentication"
		url was discarded in the display but not by code that looked up the host.
		OE's particular flaw was that it used to render html seamlessly using the
	ricardo.ecn.wfu.edu /plug/mail_archive/0312/0062.html (599 words)

	Undo Safari checking for fake URL fix - The macosxhints Forums
		A few weeks ago when everuone was abuzz with the possibility of spoofed URLs fooling Safari, I did whatever was suggested to prevent that.
		Later it was revealed that the fix, which often gives messages suggesting the a URL is spoofed, wasn't good enough.
		But whatever it was I did earlier still causes the unnecessary messages from time to time, for perfectly valid sites and I have to click OK a few times before things proceed.
	forums.macosxhints.com /showthread.php?t=37312 (195 words)

	Identifying "Spoofed" Websites
		The URL up in the address bar is the usual URL for your on-line banking and so you're pretty comfortable.
		Unfortunately, it is very possible that you have just become a victim of a crime involving a "spoofed" website address and the contents of all your bank accounts are now at risk.
		These sites can also be spoofed, but you won't have the SSL certificate to help you identify the spoof.
	www.htmlgoodies.com /beyond/security/article.php/3473221 (1307 words)

	SecurityTracker.com Archives - Opera '%2F' URL Parsing Error Lets Remote Users Spoof Arbitrary URLs
		Description: A vulnerability was reported in the Opera web browser in the parsing of URLs containing the '%2F' character.
		The partially spoofed URL will contain the full URL but may also contain space or null characters that cause the portion of the URL containing the attacker's site to be pushed far enough to the right in the URL status bar so as to not be visible.
		Brett Moore reported that the malicious URL does not need to include the 'redir' attribute.
	www.securitytracker.com /alerts/2004/Jun/1010481.html (381 words)

	Websense® - Security Labs Alert: Increases in IRS Fraud (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The most popular is one that claims that the taxpayer is eligible for a refund and needs to log on to a website to verify information.
		Upon accessing the spoofed URL, the user is then forwarded to a fraudulent site that requests credit card information and other personal identifiers.
		After the last annual calculations of your fiscal activity we have determined that you are eligible to receive a tax refund of $63.80.
	www.websense.com /securitylabs/alerts/alert.php?AlertID=436 (242 words)

	SpoofStick Home
		A spoofed website is typically made to look like a well known, branded site (like ebay.com or citibank.com) with a slightly different or confusing URL.
		The attacker then tries to trick people into going to the spoofed site by sending out fake email messages or posting links in public places - hoping that some percentage of users won't notice the incorrect URL and give away important information.
		SpoofStick makes it easier to spot a spoofed website by prominently displaying only the most relevant domain information.
	www.spoofstick.com (196 words)

	Free Report Different Ways to Spoof URLs
		That's because spoofed URLs in email are too easy to use to commit crime.
		If you have email clients you would like to test against URL spoofing exploits of this Guide, or if you want to experiment with other weird coding schemes in email, here's one way to embed the test code of your choice.
		A shoutout to Alex, who pointed out that the Opera browser is immune to the URL spoofing of this Guide, and to astronut, who pointed out my "duh" moment -- use the URL of the site you are spoofing with the "onMouseOver" command.
	www.max-info.com /secretstuff/hack/deface2.html (762 words)

	Netcraft: IE Flaw Allows Spoofed URLs
		[the text to the left of the @ in a url is taken to be a user account on the sitename which follows] are commonly used by fraudsters launching electronic mail fraud attacks on customers of
		In the example Explorer serves a page from the local server, while displaying the url as www.microsoft.com.
		Microsoft's immediate response is to recommend that people only enter sensitive information on SSL sites, after checking the certificate details.
	news.netcraft.com /archives/2003/12/12/ie_flaw_allows_spoofed_urls.html (163 words)

	J!NX Forums - Spoofing
		Posted - 08/01/2004 : 05:41:24 AM I need some help on the email spoofing and url spoofing front.
		I need to know if a url is spoofed if a server with a filter will recognize it as the true website or the spoofed website.
		Posted - 08/01/2004 : 8:56:31 PM I got the email thing covered but I still need help with the url spoofing questions.
	www.jinxhackwear.com /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=10325 (97 words)

	Steps that you can take to help identify and to help protect yourself from deceptive (spoofed) Web sites and malicious ...
		However, there are some things that you can do that, in some cases, may help you identify spoofed sites.
		Compare the URL in the Address bar with the URL that appears in the History bar.
		In the scenarios that Microsoft has tested, you can copy the URL that appears in the Address bar and paste it in the address bar of a new session of Internet Explorer to verify the information Internet Explorer will actually use to access the destination Web site.
	support.microsoft.com /?id=833786 (1991 words)

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