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Topic: Sporangium

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	Fern sporangium
		An unopened sporangium (on the left) has a single file of cells (annulus) seen on its left edge.
		This has taken place in the adjacent sporangium, resulting in the release of the small spores seen in this photo.
		The annulus of each sporangium is brown, the sporangium wall is transparent and the spores inside are blue.
	www2.auckland.ac.nz /info/schools/nzplants/fern_sporangium.htm (342 words)

	barr
		Empty sporangium n pine pollen; note the operculum at the orifice (X 160)
		Empty sporangium on pine pollen from face-on view of orifice;
		Sporangium, sporangiophore and part of the rhizoid system growing
	www.bsu.edu /classes/ruch/msa/barr.html (219 words)

	ePIC: Evidence for inhibitors of sporangium formation in Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) during the season of rapid ...
		Frond portions that were cut at least 20 cm away from the stipe-frond transition readily formed sori within 5-7 weeks after isolation from the rest of the thallus.
		These findings suggest that the basal, actively dividing and expanding part of the laminarian frond is the source of inhibitors of sporangium formation which move in a distal direction and keep the young frond free of sori during the season of rapid growth, i.e.
		the second part of the year in the Northern hemisphere, may be due to reduced synthesis and export of inhibitors of sporangium formation from the more or less resting basal meristem.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Publications/Lue2000b_abstract.html (227 words)

	Sporangium information - Search.com
		A sporangium (pl., sporangia) is a plant or fungal structure producing and containing spores.
		On ferns, the mature plant is a sporophyte that develops sporangia, tiny, stalked sacs which contain meiospores, on all or just certain leaves (called sporophylls if sporangia are present).
		In mosses, the little case that rises above the vegetative growth on a thin stalk is a sporangium often called a capsule that, as in ferns, produces meiospores.
	www.search.com /reference/Sporangium (328 words)

	Section D. Lower Vascular Plant Glossary
		A small membranous outgrowth or projection at the base of the leaf, appearing above the sporangium in fertile leaves, as in Selaginella and Isoetes.
		Having the sporangium develop from a great amount of leaf tissue as opposed to only one or a few cells.
		Having the entire sporangium develop from a periclinal division of a superficial cell or small group of cells.
	www.ibiblio.org /botnet/oldglossary/d_i_iii.html (847 words)

	FUNGI AND LICHENS
		Note the columnella, the rounded top of the stalk within the sporangium, you may also see spores which have broken out.
		The club fungi: mushrooms, puff balls and brackets, are the most familiar of the fungi.
		They all produce spores borne on a clubshaped sporangium called a basidium (usually four spores to each basidium).
	www.uvi.edu /SandM/141l9.htm (830 words)

	University of Michigan
		"It's essentially a microactuator," said Maharbiz, meaning that the fern sporangium transforms one form of energy, in this case heat via the evaporation of water, into motion.
		When the cells in the outer wall of the sporangium were water logged, the sporangium remained closed like a fist, storing the spores safely inside.
		But when the water in the outer wall evaporated, it caused the sporangium to unfurl and eject the spores into the environment.
	www.umich.edu /news/index.html?Releases/2006/Sep06/r091406c (612 words)

	Palaeos Plants: Glossary R-S
		Sporangiophore: modified branch on which the sporangium is attached.
		Sporangium: (pl. sporangia) hollow, unicellular or pluricellular structure in which spores are produced.
		Spore: a haploid (1N) reproductive cell capable of developing directly into a gametophyte without uniting with another cell.
	www.palaeos.com /Plants/Lists/Glossary/GlossaryR.html (1062 words)

	Sporangium Information
		A sporangium (pl., sporangia) is a plant or fungal structure producing and containing spores.
		On ferns, the mature plant is a sporophyte that develops sporangia, tiny, stalked sacs which contain meiospores, on all or just certain leaves (called sporophylls if sporangia are present).
		In mosses, the little case that rises above the vegetative growth on a thin stalk is a sporangium often called a capsule that, as in ferns, produces meiospores.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Sporangium (290 words)

	Sporangium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A sporangium (pl., sporangia) is a plant structure producing and containing spore s or gamete s.
		In mosses, the little case that rises above the vegetative growth on a thin stalk is called a capsule or sporangium and, as in ferns, produces meiospores.
		Sporangium A cross-section of the spore sac of the sporophyte.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Sporangium.html (334 words)

	Some chytrids of Taiwan (I)
		A, on pine pollen, sporangium with apical papillae; B, on pine pollen, sporangium with lateral papillae; C, on pine pollen, thick-walled resting spore; D, young sporangium with large vacuole; E, gradually maturing sporangium, with a subapical papilla; F, an empty sporangium with one discharge pore.
		On pine pollen: Sporangium epibiotic or interbiotic, spherical, 17_28 µm in diameter, or ovoid, operculum apical or subapical, 7.5 µm in diameter.
		Sporangium is operculate, but as the zoospores emerged, the low inconspicuous operculum was pushed off to one side of the sporangium and usually disappeared.
	ejournal.sinica.edu.tw /bbas/content/1995/4/bot364-05.html (2471 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Sporangium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A sporangium (pl., sporangia) is a plant or fungal structure producing and containing spores.
		In mosses, the little case that rises above the vegetative growth on a thin stalk is a sporangium often called a capsule that, as in ferns, produces meiospores.
		The annulus of each sporangium is brown, the sporangium wall is transparent and the spores inside are blue.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sporangium (1061 words)

	lab7
		First, in contrast to heterosporous plants, which typically produce several to many spores within a sporangium, the number of cells that undergo meiosis in a megasporangium of a seed plant is reduced to one.
		Furthermore, the sporangium is surrounded by another tissue layer from the original parent plant, the seed coat, or integument.
		Lastly, this entire structure, the ovule, is retained on the parent plant, in the pine cone, and the microgametophyte has to come to it, through the process of pollination, or the transfer of pollen directly to the ovule (in gymnosperms) or to the stigma (in angiosperms).
	lifesciences.asu.edu /plb306/lab6.htm (2085 words)

	sporangium - Webled.com
		A sporangium is a spore-case or a receptacle for spores.
		A sporangium (pl., sporangia) is a plant structure ]...
		[ sporangium: A single- or multi-cellular structure in which spores are ]...
	www.webled.com /searchpage.cfm?startat=60&keywords=sporangium (142 words)

	* Sporangium - (Gardening): Definition
		A tiny globe in which the spores are produced; often applied to the capsule, but by some authors restricted to the spore sac, or inner sac of the capsule containing the spores.
		sporangium -- A chamber inside of which spores are produced through meiosis.
		Fertile spore is carried on separate fronds that appear in the center of the clump in summer instead of in sporangium on the back of each frond.
	en.mimi.hu /gardening/sporangium.html (138 words)

	Bryophyta
		The diploid sporophyte usually consists of a basal foot, an elevating seta and a terminal sporangium - the capsule.
		Sporangium - Outer layer - sterile jacket, inside is sporogenous tissue which forms spore mother cells.
		When the sporangium is mature, the operculum breaks off, and the peristome is left holding the spores in place.
	www.cs.cuc.edu /~tfutcher/Bryophyta.html (706 words)

	BYU Botany 105
		Furthermore, instead of the megaspore being released from the sporangium, it is retained and the megagametophyte matures not just endosporic, but also within the sporangium.
		Outgrowths at the base of the sporangium surround and envelope the sporangium, providing an additional layer of protection to the megagametophyte (D2, D3, E4, F8).
		Within the diploid integuments is a diploid sporangium (now called the nucellus) containing a haploid megaspore that develops into a mature haploid megagametophyte, complete with archegonia.
	inbio.byu.edu /Faculty/laj39/johnsonlab/Pages/IB131f/Botany105ontogy2.html (977 words)

	Mycology - Taxonomy - Chytridiomycota
		After meiosis, the sporangium germinates to release further zoospores, which may be asexual, in which case, the single zoospore attaches (encysts) to and colonises a substrate.
		The cyst may be a resting structure or it may grow to form a sporangium.
		Their attraction to plant materials, capacity to penetrate cell walls and their broad range of degradative enzymes has led to the suggestion that they play an important role in the initial attack of structural carbohydrates.
	bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au /Mycology/Taxonomy/chytridiomycota.shtml (827 words)

	Chytrid Fungi Online
		Reproductive: Sporangium ovoid, hyaline, diameter 15-32 µm, height 18-40 µm, sessile, sporangial wall smooth, with 2 sharp, curved teeth at apex.
		Reproductive: Sporangium appendiculate, ovoid, or broadly pyriform, hyaline, diameter 10-124 µm, height 16-160 µm, predominantly sessile, rarely stalked and subtended by a swelling, sporangial wall appendiculate, smooth.
		Reproductive: Sporangium spherical, ovoid, or pyriform, diameter 54-60 µm, height 72-84 µm, sessile, sporangial wall appendiculate and ornamented, bearing numerous long, branched hairs which may extend for distances up to 600 µm in the surrounding water and often form a dense weft of filaments.
	bama.ua.edu /~chytrid/taxkey/chytriokey/description.htm (4962 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the young sporangium, the diploid (2N) spore mother cell undergoes meiosis and produces four haploid cells that divide mitotically to form the mature spores.
		The mature sporangium has special thickened cells along one side called the annulus that react to changes in humidity.
		The spores are dispersed by the rapid movement of the dehiscing sporangium which splits between two lip cells.
	www.science.siu.edu /landplants/Pterophyta/FernLC.html (509 words)

	skoool.ie :: exam centre
		Sporangium: a vessel in which the spores are formed and are released for wind dispersal.
		The columnella forms separating the sporangium from the sporangiophore.
		A haploid sporangiophore with a spore-filled sporangium grows from the zygospore.
	www.skoool.ie /skoool/examcentre_sc.asp?id=2845 (629 words)

	Some chytrids of Taiwan (II)
		E, young sporangium with an apophysis; F, sporangium with several sickle-shaped discharge tubes; G and H, sporangium with several papillae or discharge pores.
		A, uniflagellate zoospores; B, on pine pollen, interbiotic sporangium; C and D, young sporangium; E, F and G, simultaneous discharge of zoospores from several papillae; H, an empty sporangium; I, sporangium with several exit papillae surmounted with spherical plugs.
		A, zoospores; B, interbiotic sporangium among pine pollen; C, on pine pollen, an empty sporangium; D and E, young sporangium; F, sporangium with three papillae; G, individual zoospore escapes from pore (arrow); H, an empty sporangium; I, two sporangia with bulbous apophysis.
	ejournal.sinica.edu.tw /bbas/content/1998/1/bot91-08.html (2478 words)

	Natural History Magazine \| Biomechanics
		The fern equivalent of the spring and middle finger is the annulus, a row of cells that bisects the sporangium like a sturdy spine.
		As the sporangium dries, evaporating water is drawn out from the cells of the annulus, causing the cells to shrink.
		The column of water trapped in the annulus's cells is under progressively greater tension as water evaporates through the thin outer cell walls.
	www.naturalhistorymag.com /1205/1205_biomechanics.html (1164 words)

	Dictionary :: Sporangium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		sporangium A sac-like structure within which fungal spores are formed; spores are liberated on rupture of the sporangium wall.
		sporangium (pl. sporangia) A reproductive structure in plants that produces asexual spores.
		a sporangium in certain fungi and algae, producing zoospores --zoosporan'gial (-l) adj.
	www.dictionaries.cc /Sporangium (452 words)

	Isoetes in Flora of North America @ efloras.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Mature spores may be found in decaying leaf bases or in soil around the rootstock throughout the year, but plants collected soon after their growing season are easiest to identify because spores are well developed and still within sporangia.
		Sporangium wall brown-streaked; megaspores cristate to reticulate with broad jagged ridges; plants of Georgia.
		Sporangium wall unpigmented; megaspores cristate to reticulate with broken lamellate ridges; plants of North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
	www.efloras.org /florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=116581 (1146 words)

	plants
		Anthoceros (Class Anthocerotopsida) The hornwort, Anthoceros, differs from the liverworts primarily in the form and structure of its sporophyte, a stalklike or hornlike green sporangium that grows in length by means of a basal meristem.
		The foot attaches the sporophyte to the gametophyte and is usually too well buried to be readily discerned.
		The sporangium is covered by a cap called the calyptra which can be easily removed.
	www.nsci.plu.edu /~jmain/b323web/pages/plants.htm (3032 words)

	Search: Sporangium Fungus
		The organism is haploid, and has no diploid phase, except for the sexual sporangium.
		Once outside its host, spores within the sporangium germinate and grow as a mycelium within the excrement, where it is a primary colonizer.
		Called sporangium fungi or common molds; Includes molds and blights such as Rhizopus stolonifer (bread mold).
	www.webmarket.com /webmkt.webmkt/search/web/Sporangium%2BFungus/-/-/1/-/-/-/1/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/-/302349/right (227 words)

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