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Topic: Sporozoite

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Plasmodium

Malaria

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Plasmodium falciparum

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	MAEBL Is Essential for Malarial Sporozoite Infection of the Mosquito Salivary Gland -- Kariu et al. 195 (10): 1317 -- ...
		Because sporozoite infection of the mosquito salivary glands
		The infectivities of maebl(-) sporozoites to the vertebrate
		Plasmodium gallinaceum: sporozoite invasion of Aedes aegypti salivary glands is inhibited by anti-gland antibodies and by lectins.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/195/10/1317 (4004 words)

	Plasmodium sporozoite biology in the mosquito and vertebrate host
		Sporozoites develop in oocysts on the midgut wall of infected mosquitoes, are released into the hemocoel and invade salivary glands where they wait to be injected into a vertebrate host during the mosquito’s bloodmeal.
		Mosquitoes infected with sporozoites transgenic for β-galactosidase were allowed to probe on a mouse’s ear which was then removed and incubated with X-gal to reveal the injected sporozoites which stain blue.
		The basis of sporozoite arrest in the liver is likely the binding between its major surface protein, the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the hepatocyte surface.
	www.med.nyu.edu /parasitology/faculty/psinnis.html (536 words)

	Plasmodium sporozoite invasion into insect and mammalian cells is directed by the same dual binding system
		To confirm that the low numbers of mutant salivary gland sporozoites was not due to lack of release of sporozoite mutants from the mosquito midgut, we counted sporozoites present in the hemolymph, the fluid that bathes the mosquito cavity and carries sporozoites from the midgut to the salivary glands.
		Salivary gland sporozoites were incubated for 90 min with confluent CHO cells (empty bars) or pgsA derivatives (fl bars) at a multiplicity of infection of 0.01, and the proportion of internalized sporozoites was assessed by differential immunostaining of extra and intracellular sporozoites (10 000 cells examined for each population).
		Sporozoite invasion into mosquito salivary glands and the rodent liver, as well as penetration into human HepG2 and hamster CHO cells were all partially impaired by loss-of-function mutations in one module and abolished by mutations in both modules.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/dynapage.taf?file=/emboj/journal/v21/n7/full/7594379a.html (8498 words)

	Antibodies against MAEBL Ligand Domains M1 and M2 Inhibit Sporozoite Development In Vitro -- Preiser et al. 72 (6): ...
		sporozoites to its expression in salivary gland sporozoites
		Equal amounts of salivary gland and midgut sporozoites were probed with the same antibodies to M1 and CT1 as described in the legend of Fig.
		MAEBL is essential for malarial sporozoite infection of the mosquito salivary gland.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/6/3604 (2824 words)

	Annual report of Biologie et Génétique du Paludisme for year 2001
		The sporozoite is the parasite stage transmitted from the mosquito vector to the mammalian host.
		Once the sporozoite is within a vacuole inside the hepatocyte, the parasite dedifferentiates and generates tens of thousands of merozoites, the parasite stage that infects erythrocytes and causes all symptoms of the disease.
		We have undertaken the identification of parasite genes expressed after sporozoite entry into host cells, as well as hepatocyte genes whose expression is affected by parasite infection, using two complementary approaches, transcriptome analysis (using shotgun microarrays) and subtractive suppressive hybridization.
	www.pasteur.fr /recherche/RAR/RAR2001/Biogenpalu-en.html (619 words)

	Parasite-host interations in Invasion and Immunity
		We are interested in how sporozoites are deposited in the dermis of the skin by the mosquito, and then move through the tissue to recognize and invade a blood vessel.
		This immobilization of sporozoites within the skin appears to be the first manifestation of protective immunity in sporozoite-induced immunity.
		The presence of parasite intradermal vesicles remaining within skin after sporozoite introduction by mosquitoes implies that these vesicles may be taken up by dermal dendritic cells and become involved in the induction of an immune response against sporozoites.
	www.med.nyu.edu /parasitology/faculty/jvanderberg.html (745 words)

	Virus-expressed, recombinant single-chain antibody blocks sporozoite infection of salivary glands in Plasmodium ...
		Virus-expressed, recombinant single-chain antibody blocks sporozoite infection of salivary glands in Plasmodium gallinaceum-infected Aedes aegypti -- de Lara Capurro et al.
		Virus-expressed, recombinant single-chain antibody blocks sporozoite infection of salivary glands in Plasmodium gallinaceum-infected Aedes aegypti
		Mean intensities of sporozoite infections of salivary glands in mosquitoes expressing N2scFv were reduced as much as 99.9% when compared to controls.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/abstract/62/4/427 (444 words)

	A Role for Apical Membrane Antigen 1 during Invasion of Hepatocytes by Plasmodium falciparum Sporozoites -- Silvie et ...
		The sporozoite nucleus is indicated with an arrow, and the apicoplast is indicated with an arrowhead.
		in the supernatants not in the sporozoite pellets (Fig.
		hepatocytes by sporozoites of the homologous strain NF54.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/10/9490 (4668 words)

	Infectivity-associated Changes in the Transcriptional Repertoire of the Malaria Parasite Sporozoite Stage -- ...
		Sporozoites are released from an oocyst that lodges between the mosquito midgut epithelium and the basal lamina.
		Sporozoites have to be isolated from infected mosquitoes
		Sporozoite transmission during the mosquito bite is one of the bottlenecks in the Plasmodium life cycle (19).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/44/41948 (4491 words)

	Cutting Edge: A New Tool to Evaluate Human Pre-Erythrocytic Malaria Vaccines: Rodent Parasites Bearing a Hybrid ...
		Sporozoite motility was determined by gliding assay (12).
		Sporozoite in vitro infectivity was assayed in HepG2 hepatoma
		Expression of CS protein in viable sporozoites as detected by (A) CS trails deposited by sporozoites gliding on glass slides, revealed by staining with biotinylated mAb 3D11 or mAb 2A10 and FITC avidin.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/169/12/6681 (2747 words)

	HAEMOSPORIDIA - Online Information article about HAEMOSPORIDIA
		XV I II., Full-grown occyst crammed with ripe sporozoites; on one side the cyst has burst and the sporozoites are escaping.
		The sporozoites are carried about by the blood-stream; ultimately, however, apparently by virtue of some chemotactic attraction, they practically all collect in the salivary glands, filling the secretory cells and also invading the ducts.
		The micro-gametes are extremely minute, and the sporozoites, which are developed in the salivary glands, where the motile ookinetes finally come to rest, are extremely " spirochaetiform "—the full significance of this latter fact being, perhaps, not appreciated.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GUI_HAN/HAEMOSPORIDIA.html (6846 words)

	Levels of circumsporozoite protein in the Plasmodium oocyst determine sporozoite morphology -- Thathy et al. 21 (7): ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sporozoites were harvested from oocysts in mosquito midguts at days 13 and 15 post-infection.
		Sporozoites were harvested from oocysts in mosquito midguts at day 15 post-infection, and analyzed as in (D).
		Sinnis,P., Willnow,T.E., Briones,M.R., Herz,J. and Nussenzweig,V. (1996) Remnant lipoproteins inhibit malaria sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes.
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/21/7/1586 (6751 words)

	A retrospective examination of sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium falciparum: development ...
		A retrospective examination of sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium falciparum: development of parasitologic and clinical immunity during primary infection -- Collins and Jeffery 61 (1 Supplement): 4 -- American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
		A retrospective examination of sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium falciparum: development of parasitologic and clinical immunity during primary infection
		A retrospective analysis was made of the parasitologic and fever records of 318 patients who had been infected with the El Limon, Santee Cooper, or McLendon strains of Plasmodium falciparum for treatment of neurosyphilis between 1940 and 1963 to determine the development of parasitologic and clinical immunity during primary infection.
	www.ajtmh.org /cgi/content/abstract/61/1_suppl/4 (522 words)

	MHC class I molecules are an essential cell surface component involved in Theileria parva sporozoite binding to bovine ...
		MHC class I molecules are an essential cell surface component involved in Theileria parva sporozoite binding to bovine lymphocytes -- Shaw et al.
		MHC class I molecules are an essential cell surface component involved in Theileria parva sporozoite binding to bovine lymphocytes
		While the level of sporozoite entry into cells in which one of the MHC
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/108/4/1587 (416 words)

	Vaccines
		However, the irradiated sporozoites must be delivered though irradiated, infected mosquitoes, and this was an impractical and too expensive method for widespread use.
		One strategy towards the pre-erythrocytic stage is to target the parasite during the short span of time that the sporozoites are in the bloodstream.
		This antigen elicits antibodies that are capable of preventing sporozoites from invading hepatocytes, and a cellular response that is capable of eliminating infected hepatocytes.
	www.brown.edu /Courses/Bio_160/Projects1999/malaria/vacc.html (2173 words)

	A malaria membrane skeletal protein is essential for normal morphogenesis, motility, and infectivity of sporozoites -- ...
		A malaria membrane skeletal protein is essential for normal morphogenesis, motility, and infectivity of sporozoites -- Khater et al.
		to infect naïve mice by injecting oocyst sporozoites of
		of the nucleus in these sporozoites is rounded, whereas in WT sporozoites the shape of the nucleus is elongated (Fig.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/167/3/425 (3112 words)

	Plasmodium liver stage developmental arrest by depletion of a protein at the parasite-host interface -- Mueller et al. ...
		on the prediction that infectious sporozoites residing in the
		Sporozoites were injected in a volume of 100 µl i.v.
		salivary gland sporozoites were added to subconfluent hepatoma cells, and the intracellular liver stages that develop were immunostained with anti-heat shock protein 70 at the indicated time points after infection.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/102/8/3022 (3755 words)

	2002 Molecular Parasitology Meeting: Abstract Book Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		One approach in the design of anti-cryptosporidial therapies is to target the initial interactions between the sporozoite and the host epithelial cell.
		However, few sporozoite antigens have been characterized and many of these are highly glycosylated necessitating the development of an expression system that can produce recombinant glycoproteins that will mimic the native antigens in function and antigenicity.
		Cpgp40/15 encodes two sporozoite membrane glycoproteins, gp40 and gp15, that are implicated in C.
	www.mbl.edu /mpm/mpm-2002/abstracts/abstract.php?id=368 (254 words)

	Antigens
		The circumsporozoite protein is the main sporozoite coat protein.
		SSP2 is a protein found on the surface of sporozoites from the murine malaria parasite P.
		They are shown to induce release of tumor necrosis factor, which may be a factor in the onset of malaria related illness.
	www.brown.edu /Courses/Bio_160/Projects1999/malaria/antgs.html (1578 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Malaria: Obstacles and Opportunities (1991) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Administration of a cloned T lymphocyte that recognizes another sporozoite antigen, that is also expressed by infected erythrocytes, can also protect mice against sporozoite-induced malaria (Tsuji et al., 1990).
		There are other antigens not found on sporozoites that are first produced by parasites developing within liver cells (Guerin-Marchand et al., 1987; Hollingdale et al., 1990).
		The first malaria sporozoite vaccines tested in humans contained the repetitive B-cell epitope of the CS protein plus T-cell epitopes from nonmalaria proteins and were constructed by using recombinant DNA technology or synthetic peptide chemistry (Ballou et al., 1987; Herrington et al., 1987).
	www.nap.edu /books/0309045274/html/177.html (525 words)

	IL-12 and NK Cells Are Required for Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity Against Malaria Initiated by CD8+ T Cells in the ...
		Sporozoites are the stage of the parasite’s life cycle
		Sporozoite vaccine induces genetically restricted T cell elimination of malaria from hepatocytes.
		Co-localization of inducible-nitric oxide synthase and Plasmodium berghei in hepatocytes from rats immunized with irradiated sporozoites.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/163/2/884 (5685 words)

	IngentaConnect Theileria parva: Sporozoite Entry into Bovine Lymphocytes Is Not ...
		parva sporozoite entry is dependent on a functional host cell actin cytoskeleton and is not driven by the parasite.
		The results are consistant with sporozoite entry being primarily a passive process and with a functional host cell actin cytoskeleton that is required only to maintain the molecular integrity of the surface membrane.
		parva sporozoite entry differs from the process in other apicomplexans, although the results are consistent with a number of features of sporozoite biology.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/ap/pr/1999/00000092/00000001/art04393 (291 words)

	The cytoplasmic domain of the Plasmodium falciparum ligand EBA-175 is essential for invasion but not protein ...
		of the cell by the sporozoite and merozoite during the invasion
		at the posterior pole of the sporozoite or merozoite for the
		The cytoplasmic domain can be substituted by the cytoplasmic domain of the sporozoite protein TRAP, suggesting that EBA-175 and TRAP have functionally equivalent roles in the active invasion process.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/162/2/317 (6821 words)

	Rationale and plans for developing a non-replicating, metabolically active, radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum ...
		Long-term persistence of sterile immunity in a volunteer immunized with X-Irradiated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites.
		R., Gordon, D. and Ballou, W. T lymphocytes from volunteers immunized with Irradiated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites recognize liver and blood stage malaria antigens.
		Irradiated sporozoite vaccine induces HLA-B8-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against two overlapping epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum surface sporozoite protein 2.
	intl-jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/21/3803 (3917 words)

	Molecular cloning of the gene for a cryptosporidium sporozoite surface protein.
		Molecular cloning of the gene for a cryptosporidium sporozoite surface protein.
		OBJECTIVE: To clone the gene for a surface glycoprotein of Cryptosporidium sporozoites that is the target of a monoclonal antibody (Mab 10C6) that reacts with intracellular merozoites and the surface of sporozoites, causes shedding of the sporozoite surface coat and inhibits sporozoite invasion of Mardin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells in vitro.
		Positive clones were plaque purified and used to prepare recombinant eluted antibody (REA) from the polyclonal antisera.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1991/dec/M91C3755.html (457 words)

	Utilization of genomic sequence information to develop malaria vaccines -- Doolan et al. 206 (21): 3789 -- Journal of ...
		sporozoites, attenuated by exposure to xray or gamma-radiation
		induced by irradiated sporozoite immunization is due to the
		A retrospective examination of secondary sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium falciparum: development of parasitologic and clinical immunity following secondary infection.
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/206/21/3789 (7671 words)

	Current Status of Malaria and Potential for Control -- Phillips 14 (1): 208 -- Clinical Microbiology Reviews
		Sporozoites, thought to be less than 100 on each occasion 151, are released
		with irradiated sporozoites are induced by natural infection.
		invasion of hepatoma cells by sporozoites 167, 169.
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/14/1/208 (11467 words)

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