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Topic: Sporulation

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Bacillus

	Yeast Sporulation and Germination
		The screen for sporulation and germination mutants is illustrated here in a simplified pool of 4 strains: grey (no sporulation), red (enhanced sporulation), blue (germination defect), and green (phenotypically normal).
		Prior to sporulation, an aliquot of the pool is collected and the abundance of each strain measured on an oligonucleotide array (Part A).
		Strain S288c sporulates to 15% efficiency, therefore non-sporulated vegetative cells were selectively degraded with zymolyase (Part B).
	www-sequence.stanford.edu /group/yeast_deletion_project/aims.htm (537 words)

	Sporulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sporulation is the developmental process by which a fungal cell, amoeba, bacteria or protozoan becomes a spore.
		Sporulation can be triggered by adverse conditions, or as part of asexual reproduction.
		The bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Neurospora crassa (red bread mold) are commonly used as laboratory organisms to study sporulation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sporulation (97 words)

	The Neurospora Sporulation Rhythm
		The oscillations can be seen as regular-repeating zones of sporulation when the mycel is placed on agar-medium under DD conditions: during the growth sporulation occurs every 22 h (when using the wild-type bd-mutant).
		Racetubes have the advantage that the mycel can grow over a larger distance and that the period of the sporulation can be easily determined as the distance between conidiation peaks when the growth velocity is known.
		This is simply done by measuring the distance between the centers of neighboring sporulation areas and dividing this distance by the growth velocity.
	www.ux.uis.no /~ruoff/Neurospora_Rhythm.html (641 words)

	Large-Scale Functional Genomic Analysis of Sporulation and Meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Enyenihi and Saunders ...
		The level of sporulation observed in the mutant is shown to the right of the name.
		Included are genes previously shown to be required for sporulation or meiosis (red) and genes previously characterized but without a meiosis or sporulation phenotype listed in the SGD or YPD (green).
		Data include both known sporulation genes and previously characterized genes not described as essential for sporulation in the SGD and YPD phenotypic descriptions.
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/163/1/47 (4275 words)

	Calcium and Malate Are Sporulation-Promoting Factors of Physarum polycephalum -- Renzel et al. 182 (24): 6900 -- The ...
		Measured were the sporulation times, i.e., the periods of time from placing the plasmodia on the gels to the visible onset of morphogenesis, at 25°C. Displayed are the number of plasmodia which had started visible morphogenesis at the time indicated or earlier.
		sporulated in the presence of 2 mM malate.
		Sporulation is an irreversible differentiation process in the life cycle of Physarum (18), and its analogies to embryonic
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/182/24/6900 (4145 words)

	Evidence that entry into sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is governed by a gradual increase in the level and activity ...
		IPTG was used at concentrations determined in immunoblot experiments to yield levels of KinA and Spo0A that corresponded to that observed in wild-type cells undergoing sporulation in response to nutrient limitation.
		lacZ fused to the early-activated sporulation gene spoIIG (Fig.
		Cells were induced to sporulate in SM medium (in the case of the wild type) or by IPTG addition in CH medium for the strains harboring IPTG-inducible constructs.
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/19/18/2236 (5416 words)

	Importance of Mitochondrial Dynamics During Meiosis and Sporulation -- Gorsich and Shaw 15 (10): 4369 -- Molecular ...
		The strains were grown for 18–36 h in YPG medium to maintain mtDNA nucleoids, shifted to sporulation medium, and incubated at 30°C for 12 d.
		The percentage of sporulated cells (diads, triads, and tetrads) was scored daily for each strain.
		Kuenzi, M.T., Tingle, M.A., and Halvorson, H.O. Sporulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the absence of a functional mitochondrial genome.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/15/10/4369 (6168 words)

	Nitric oxide synthase is induced in sporulation of Physarum polycephalum -- Golderer et al. 15 (10): 1299 -- Genes and ...
		Nitric oxide synthase is induced in sporulation of Physarum polycephalum -- Golderer et al.
		Nitric oxide synthase is induced in sporulation of Physarum polycephalum
		Sporulation (gray bars) is shown as percentage of the cultures sporulating (left y-axis), number of cultures tested were 72 (A), 36 (B), 35 (C), 16 (D), 21 (E), and 24 (F).
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/15/10/1299 (6288 words)

	RSC1 and RSC2 Are Required for Expression of Mid-Late Sporulation-Specific Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Bungard ...
		Sporulated cells were taken at the indicated times postinduction and scored for the presence of three or four DAPI-stained foci.
		Sporulated strains were exposed to 55°C for 1 h and plated onto YPD plates.
		Strains transformed with the indicated plasmids were sporulated and scored for glusulase resistance (A) and heat shock resistance (B).
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/3/4/910 (4818 words)

	Influence of Glutamate on Growth, Sporulation, and Spore Properties of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 in Defined Medium -- ...
		that starvation was not the trigger for sporulation.
		Effect of sporulation and recovery medium on the heat resistance and amount of injury of spores from spoilage bacilli.
		Sporulation temperature affects initiation of germination and inactivation by high hydrostatic pressure of Bacillus cereus.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/6/3248 (4297 words)

	Sporulation research in Jeff Errington's lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Sporulation has been studied for decades, by many top research groups, as a simple example of cellular development.
		Sporulation is also a good experimental tool for studying cell division and chromosome segregation.
		Feucht, A., Evans, L., and Errington, J. (2003) Identification of sporulation genes by genome-wide analysis of the
	users.path.ox.ac.uk /~erring/sporulation.htm (271 words)

	The Neurospora Sporulation Rhythm
		The oscillations can be seen as regular-repeating zones of sporulation when the mycel is placed on agar-medium under DD conditions: during the growth sporulation occurs every 22 h (when using the wild-type bd-mutant).
		Racetubes have the advantage that the mycel can grow over a larger distance and that the period of the sporulation can be easily determined as the distance between conidiation peaks when the growth velocity is known.
		This is simply done by measuring the distance between the centers of neighboring sporulation areas and dividing this distance by the growth velocity.
	www.ux.his.no /~ruoff/Neurospora_Rhythm.html (641 words)

	The CcpA Protein Is Necessary for Efficient Sporulation and Enterotoxin Gene (cpe) Regulation in Clostridium ...
		the sporulation of the wild-type strain to 0.033%, a 2,000-fold
		Expression (A) and growth (B) of the wild-type (squares) and ccpA mutant strain (circles) in DSSM sporulation medium are shown.
		for sporulation in the presence of glucose (11, 37).
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/186/16/5221 (5811 words)

	The Study of Plant Disease Epidemics
		Recapitulation of the model equations - role of latent and infectious periods
		The exponential growth rate for sporulation curve 5.50
		Threshold of epidemic development of model equations 6.5
	www.shopapspress.org /stofpldiep.html (622 words)

	Essential Functions of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Ptp2 and Ptp3 and Rim11 Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Saccharomyces ...
		The percentage of sporulation was determined by counting the numbers of asci containing four mature spores.
		In parallel, the sporulation efficiency of the same cell samples was determined by microscopic examination.
		The percentage of sporulated cells after 24 h was determined by microscopic counting.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/11/2/663 (6304 words)

	Endospore Formation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Endospores are formed by vegetative cells in a process called sporulation.
		Sporulation is initiated when conditions for growth of the vegetative cells become
		an environmental trigger, causing sporulation of the cell.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~howie/formation.html (237 words)

	Dynamic localization of penicillin-binding proteins during spore development in Bacillus subtilis -- Scheffers 151 (3): ...
		Sporulation was induced by growth to OD 0·8 in CH,
		Sterlini, J. and Mandelstam, J. Committment to sporulation in Bacillus subtilis and its relationship to the development of actinomycin resistance.
		Wu, L. J., Feucht, A. and Errington, J. Prespore-specific gene expression in Bacillus subtilis is driven by sequestration of SpoIIE phosphatase to the prespore side of the asymmetric septum.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/151/3/999 (5547 words)

	Genome-wide analysis of temporally regulated and compartment-specific gene expression in sporulating cells of Bacillus ...
		Sporulation involves the expression of a large number of genes.
		Genes belonging to a particular sporulation regulon and displaying significant induction in one of the conditions displayed are represented by open or filled large symbols with superimposed crosses.
		K-means clustering of the expression patterns of genes assigned to the four sporulation regulons was utilized to detect subclasses in each regulon displaying particular expression patterns.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/151/2/399 (5978 words)

	Regulation of Yeast Glycogen Metabolism and Sporulation by Glc7p Protein Phosphatase -- Ramaswamy et al. 149 (1): 57 -- ...
		Sporulation of glc7-R73C in JC821D was similar to its sporulation
		Sporulation close to or below this level indicates a failure of the pKC886-x glc7 allele to complement the sporulation trait of glc7-R73C.
		to the sporulation efficiency of the diploid (data not shown).
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/149/1/57 (6612 words)

	Sporulation of the Hyphomycete S (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		While S. chartarum is frequently isolated, the conditions under which it sporulates are unknown and are important issues in assessing indoor air quality.
		Light/dark conditions were more conducive to early sporulation whereas 24 hour dark delayed sporulation.
		Sporulation did not occur under any light condition on MEA for six days.
	www.lamold.com /white_papers/sporulation_of_the_hyphomycete_s.htm (271 words)

	Unmasking Novel Sporulation Genes in Bacillus subtilis -- Silvaggi et al. 186 (23): 8089 -- The Journal of Bacteriology
		Cells were collected after 3 h of sporulation at 37°C, treated with the vital membrane stain FM4-64, and observed by fluorescence microscopy.
		Sporulating cells of the ybaN mutant exhibited several defects.
		are unstable and the cortex is degraded late in sporulation.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/186/23/8089 (3817 words)

	The master regulator for entry into sporulation in Bacillus subtilis becomes a cell-specific transcription factor after ...
		Sporulation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis is governed by a series of transcription factors that are subject to temporal
		Sporulating cells of the wild-type strain PY79 were collected at the indicated times after the start of sporulation.
		Fluorescence microscopic images of cells that had been treated with FM4-64 at hour 4 of sporulation and sporulation efficiencies are shown for each of the strains (bottom panel).
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/17/9/1166 (4814 words)

	Forespore membrane assembly in yeast: coordinating SPBs and membrane trafficking -- Shimoda 117 (3): 389 -- Journal of ...
		Sporulation in yeast is the process of gametogenesis.
		Enyenihi, A. and Saunders, W. Large-scale functional genomic analysis of sporulation and meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
		Characterization of temperature-sensitive mutations in the yeast syntaxin 1 homologues Sso1p and Sso2p, and evidence of a distinct function for Sso1p in sporulation.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/117/3/389 (4769 words)

	Glucose Inhibits Meiotic DNA Replication through SCFGrr1p-Dependent Destruction of Ime2p Kinase -- Purnapatre et al. 25 ...
		Sporulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated
		of 0.5% glucose to sporulation medium was not sufficient to
		For the cultures shown in panel A, samples were removed at the indicated times (0 to 90 min) and Ime2p-6XHA levels and Cdc28p were analyzed by Western blotting.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/25/1/440 (5423 words)

	Asexual Sporulation in Aspergillus nidulans -- Adams et al. 62 (1): 35 -- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews
		Asexual Sporulation in Aspergillus nidulans -- Adams et al.
		Asexual sporulation is a common reproductive mode for a diverse group of fungi that includes many medically, industrially,
		sporulation but do not identify genes that are specific to development.
	mmbr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/62/1/35 (9534 words)

	YeastDeletionWebPages
		Efficient sporulation of BY4743 requires growth as a patch on freshly prepared GNA presporulation plates at 30°C overnight prior to transfer to liquid sporulation medium.
		Sporulation cultures should be incubated on a roller wheel for 3-5 days at 25°C. The cultures should be ready to dissect and can be stored at 4°C for a couple of weeks.
		If you prespore on YPD instead of GNA the sporulation efficiency is much lower.
	sequence-www.stanford.edu /group/yeast_deletion_project/spo.html (150 words)

	Inference of combinatorial regulation in yeast transcriptional networks: A case study of sporulation -- Wang et al. 102 ...
		TFs on a defined subset of sporulation genes.
		Expression profiles in sporulation for genes in both the Ndt80p and Sum1p modules (A), only in the Ndt80p module (B), and only in the Sum1p module (C).
		The x axis represents time points in (0, 0.5, 2, 5, 7, 9, and 11.5 h) sporulation experiments (14), and the y axis is the log ratio of gene expression level.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/102/6/1998 (4570 words)

	Analysis of tnrA Alleles Which Result in a Glucose-Resistant Sporulation Phenotype in Bacillus subtilis -- Shin et al. ...
		It is known that the presence of catabolites such as glucose inhibits sporulation.
		Isolation and mapping of a new suppressor mutation of an early sporulation gene spo0F mutation in Bacillus subtilis.
		Pleiotropic mutations affecting sporulation conditions and the syntheses of extracellular enzymes in Bacillus subtilis 168.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/182/17/5009 (2580 words)

	Sorting nexin homologues are targets of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate in sporulation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe -- ...
		Sorting nexin homologues are targets of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate in sporulation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe -- Koga et al.
		The behaviour of Vps5p and Vps17p during sporulation was analysed
		TDP11 harbouring expression vectors for GFP-Vps5pRR were induced sporulation as in (A) (upper panels).
	www.genestocellsonline.org /cgi/content/full/9/6/561 (4489 words)

	Mycology, Fall, 1997: Spores: dispersal and dormancy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Physarum polycephalum: carbon levels control initiation of sporulation because glucose depletion leads to sporulation, but nitrogen depletion leads to death.
		During sporulation, a change in biosynthetic activities is necessary because spores differ from vegetative cells in structure and composition
		After sporulation, spore undergoes a dormant period which varies from a few hours to many years
	www.towson.edu /~wubah/mycology/Spores.htm (1326 words)

	Lab Manual Exercise #3
		These BT proteins have been found to be remarkably effective against a wide range of caterpillars and worms, including peach tree borers, European corn borers, cotton boll worms, cabbage worms and loopers, tomato and fruit hornworms, tent caterpillars, fall webworms, leaf miners, alfalfa caterpillars, leaf rollers, gypsy moth larvae and cankerworms.
		ccording to T.D. Brock and M. Madigan (Biology of Microorganisms, 1988), Bacillus thuringiensis forms a crystalline protein during sporulation called a parasporal body.
		The toxic component of the crystalline body is delta endotoxin.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /lmexer3.htm (4135 words)

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