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Topic: Spot welding

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	Spot Welding
		Spot welding is one of the oldest welding processes.
		Spot welding is primarily used for joining parts that are normally up to 3 mm in thickness.
		Spot welding is one form of resistance welding, which is a method of welding two or more metal sheets together without using any filler material by applying pressure and heat to the area to be welded.
	www.robot-welding.com /spot_welding.htm (481 words)

	Spot Welding Automation with Robotics
		Spot welding, a resistance welding technique, connects two pieces of sheet metal.
		A weld forms at this spot - the resistance heat melting and mixing the metal.
		We stock several models of used spot welding robots.
	www.used-robots.com /spot-welding-automation.htm (149 words)

	Welding
		Spot welding and seam welding are two very popular methods used for sheet metal parts.
		Spot welding is primarily used for joining parts that normally upto 3 mm (0.125 in) thickness.
		Prior to finishing, the spot welds have to be sanded or ground to blend the welds with the rest of the surface.
	www.efunda.com /processes/metal_processing/welding.cfm (457 words)

	Design Guidelines - Spot Welding Chapter
		Generally, the center of a spot weld (its location point) is positioned one to two diameters away from the edge of the part being welded or from a feature in the part being welded depending on thickness of material (Figure 2).
		Spot welding for assembly of mating parts in multiple planes should be limited to parts smaller than a "bread box" that are easy to handle.
		Weld nuts and weld studs are commonly used to provide a means for subsequent fastening of additional components and assemblies, or for periodic removal of service parts for maintenance and repair.
	www.makeitmetal.com /resources/CH13_SpWeld.htm (2431 words)

	Welding.Com Welding Symbols - welding, equipment, supply, mig, tig, education, courses, schools (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Weld symbols are used to indicate the welding processes used in metal joining operations, whether the weld is localized or "all around", whether it is a shop or field weld, and the contour of welds.
		Fillet welds that are to be welded approximately flat, convex, or concave faced without recourse to any method of finishing must be shown by adding the flush, convex, or concave contour symbol to the weld symbol, in accordance with the location specifications given in paragraph 3-7 (A, fig.
		Fillet welds that are to be mechanically finished to a concave contour must be shown by adding both the concave contour symbol and the user's standard finish symbol to the weld symbol in accordance with location specification given in paragraph 3-7.
	www.welding.com /weld_symbols_welding_symbols.shtml (6387 words)

	The Welding Processes: Resistance Welding
		Resistance welding is a group of welding processes in which coalescence is produced by the heat obtained from resistance of the work piece to electric current in a circuit of which the work piece is a part and by the application of pressure.
		Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a resistance welding process which produces coalescence at the faying surfaces in one spot by the heat obtained from resistance to electric current through the work parts held together under pressure by electrodes.
		High frequency resistance welding (HFRW) is a resistance welding process which produces coalescence of metals with the heat generated from the resistance of the work pieces to a high-frequency alternating current in the 10,000 to 500,000 hertz range and the rapid application of an upsetting force after heating is substantially completed.
	www.key-to-steel.com /Articles/Art76.htm (1838 words)

	DATE WELDER - Reistance Spot Welding FAQ's
		The spot welding equipment of today is not to be confused with the old panel spotter of yesteryear.
		Finally, spot welding is four to five times faster than MIG welding.
		This is in contrast to fusing the sheet metal with resistance spot welding and light after-wire brushing.
	www.datawelder.com /spotwelders/FAQ/faq.html (2246 words)

	Spot Welding Robot
		Spot welding robots allow for more flex ability with the welding gun with six axis of motion.
		Spot welding is very economical way to join two pieces of sheet metal.
		It is common for spot welding to join sheet metal, it can actually be used for a wide variety of joining and heat-treating projects.
	www.robots.com /spot-welding.htm (231 words)

	Lenco Portable dent pulling and Spot welding equipment-brwelder.com
		Single-sided welding will always penetrate by attaching the ground cable in the lower panel and starting the first weld as far as three feet away from the ground on the top panel.
		By welding 10 pull tabs side-by-side and attaching a pull plate, a force of 2 tons can be applied by using a hydraulic ram or tower.
		Spot welding relies solely on passing an electrical current through the panels to perform the weld.
	www.brwelder.com /IndexTemplate.cfm?file=lenco.htm (842 words)

	Kawasaki Robotics - Spot Welding
		Robot mounted spot welding gun operating on stationary parts are common to automotive manufacturing.
		Pneumatic spot welding utilizes an air cylinder to produce the clamping force for the welding electrodes.
		Servo spot welding uses an additional servo motor and encoder (7th axis) of the robot to drive and control the clamping force of the welding electrodes.
	www.kawasakirobotics.com /applications/?page=spotWelding (386 words)

	ISF:Resistance Spot Welding and Projection Welding
		Resistance spot welding und the related projection welding methods are cost-favourable joining methods and are, therefore, applied in the thin-sheet sector with a high number of weld spots.
		Especially in spot welding of aluminium and surface-refined steel sheets the electrodes are subject to increased wear which is caused by pick-up.
		Projection welding varies from spot welding in so far that the location of the weld nugget development is not determined by the electrodes but by the location of the projections.
	www.isf-aachen.de /eng/arbeitsg/forschung/wider.html (695 words)

	Resistance spot welding (Knowledge Summary)
		Spot welding is one of a group of resistance welding processes that involve the joining of two or more metal parts together in a localised area by the application of heat and pressure.
		Heat is developed mainly at the interface between two sheets, eventually causing the material being welded to melt, forming a molten pool, the weld nugget.
		There are also limitations in the ability of spot welding to join sheet to tube, which need to be addressed.
	www.twi.co.uk /j32k/getFile/kssaw001.html (698 words)

	Resistance Spot Welding Process
		Resistance welding is accomplished by passing a controlled density of electrical current (I) through the resistance of the metallic workpieces (R) over a specified amount of time (t).
		The characteristics that makes steel easier to resistance weld than aluminum is its higher electrical resistivity and its lower thermal conductivity as compared to the copper electrodes.
		Due to aluminum's lower resistivity and higher thermal conductivity as compared to steel, resistance welding aluminum would require much higher levels of current but the weld must be accomplished in much less time.
	www.medar.com /welding_concepts/weldnugget.html (660 words)

	[No title]
		It is also possible to close the tube ending by momentarily imposing a welding arc on the tube ending to melt the tube and produce a smooth hemispherical surface.
		Welding is often used to join the foreceps head to the spiral cable.
		Wire meshes are often welded together to make a tube as part of a filter or for repair of a damaged wire mesh filter for the paper industry.
	www.pro-fusiononline.com /welding/applications/spot.htm (654 words)

	A new way to weld sheet metal: Remote laser welding replaces spot welding in microwave oven fabrication
		The large custom sheet metal fabricator needed a new method of welding to replace the traditional means of spot welding a sheet metal enclosure that was part of a new microwave oven design.
		In spot welding applications, the electrodes are attached to clamping mechanisms that holds parts together during welding.
		The spot welding was originally replaced by stitch welds, but later continuous laser seam welding was adopted for added strength and greater microwave emissions leakage protection.
	www.thefabricator.com /LaserWelding/LaserWelding_Article.cfm?ID=1278 (2858 words)

	Spot Welding Keeps Moving Forward. . . .by Winn Hardin - Robotics Online
		As the demands on spot welding applications increase during the manufacture of automobiles, end users are looking at all of the new technologies to help make better products for their customers.
		A main trend that reduces the moving mass of the robot is to go to a stationary weld gun and have the robot bring the part to the weld gun.
		The largest source of failure in a robot spot welding cell is the weld gun and the cabling (robot dress) used to operate the gun.
	www.roboticsonline.com /public/articles/archivedetails.cfm?id=757 (1943 words)

	MTI Micro Welding, Resistance Welding, Spot Welding equipment (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The force and energy necessary to weld the workpieces can be estimated by considering the properties of the weldments and the desired weld quality.
		By considering the necessary welding force, type of required current path, required size of electrodes, and process area available, you can determine the weld head that is best suited to your specific application.
		In addition to the desired weld, other factores such as cost, weld duration, incoming power fluctuations, labor costs, and potential for future automation must be taken into account when selecting a power supply.
	www.mtimicrowelding.com /selectionguide.cfm (868 words)

	Welding/Spot Welding (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Resistance spot welding is also used at Paris to combine multiple components into one.
		We have a wide range of spot welding equipment capable of welding both steel and aluminum.
		Resistance spot welding can be performed on material thickness ranging from.010" to.135" depending on type of material and part configuration.
	www.parisprecision.com /welding_spot_welding.htm (139 words)

	Spot Welding Pliers - TITE-SPOT Pliers - TITE-SPOT Welders, Inc.
		The welding cable that is used is an industrial grade 250 MCM Neoprene jacketed welding cable with 2499 strands of 30 AWG pure copper wire.
		Spot welding is the safest form of welding in the Body Shop Industry today.
		Spot welding simply melts the two pieces of steel together so there is nothing to grind.
	www.titespot.com /tspliers.html (863 words)

	GSILumonics: Spot Welding (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Laser spot welding allows you to maintain the strength of welds while at the same time, reducing the number of welds needed.
		Spot welding with lasers requires minimum heat input, which will result in less distortion of the work piece.
		Spot welding also gives you the ability to weld dissimilar materials and the ability to weld in hard-to-reach areas.
	www.gsilumonics.com /spot-welding-i.htm (187 words)

	Resistance Welding Software - Spot Welding Simulation
		Temperature development and weld nugget formation in spot welding of three sheets, one 1 mm TRIP steel to two 2 mm mild steel, with three pulse AC.
		This is a weld growth curve generated automatically with SORPAS® for spot welding of 1 mm mild steel sheets in the range of weld current from 2 kA to 16 kA.
		This is a weldability lobe generated automatically with SORPAS® for spot welding of 1 mm mild steel sheets with two welding process parameters (weld current and time) referring to ISO 14327:2004.
	www.swantec.com /industry.htm (423 words)

	Spot Welding Consultants \| RoMan Resistance Welding Transformers, Dallas Texas, Southwest
		Purpose: The grounding reactor is used where direct grounding of the welding circuit is not practical to protect the operator from electrical shock hazard, caused by capacitive coupling or insulation failure between primary and secondary coils of the welding transformer.
		Typical applications are portable welding gun installations, transgun installations for robots or series welding and push-pull welding circuits in multispot welders.
		This construction prevents damage to the insulation from contaminants such as oil, water, weld spatter etc. and protects the device from mechanical damage.Electrically, the lead ends of the grounding reactor coil are connected to the secondary terminals of the welding transformer and the center tap lead is connected to ground.
	www.spotweldingconsultants.com /ground_reactor.htm (430 words)

	Robot arc welding and robot spot welding performed by Rotech
		Your nimble and forward-looking supplier of robot arc welding, robot spot welding and ultrasonic cutting equipment and turnkey solutions.
		Rotech is an international supplier of flexible automation for welding and cutting.
		Arc welding robots - Workpiece manipulators - Welding guns - Tip dressers - Weld timer - Spot welding robots
	www.rotech.se (60 words)

	Inductoheat - Resistance Welding - Robot Spot Welders
		FIRST GENERATION welding equipment was no more than conventional heavy duty 150kVA portable suspension sets, the gun mounted on the robot wrist using a bracket with spring compensation and of course no spring balancer.
		An inherent disadvantage was the need to trail the heavy welding cable from the conventional transformer to the gun, thus restricting gun mobility and freedom of movement.
		The electrode holders, adaptors and electrodes are all to INDUCTOHEAT standards and interchangeable with the suspension spot welding equipment.
	www.inductoheat.com.au /resistance/robot_spot_welding_guns.html (408 words)

	VeraSpot - Spot Welders - HTP America, Inc.
		At the center of the Versa Spot 7000 is a heart of copper.
		The air cooled cables and spot welding gun mean you can work fast — make 165 welds/hr on 18 ga panels or 215 welds/hr on 22 ga panels in the continuous mode at 7,000 amps.
		All you do is set the type of tool and the thickness of the panel, and the machine sets the optimum current and number of cycles to optimize the spot weld.
	www.htpweld.com /products/spot_welders/versaspot.html (744 words)

	Pro Spot International, Inc. - PR-2000 Resistance spot welding system
		The weld current is delivered at 2000 Hz., compared to conventional spot welders which use 60 Hz.
		The Pro Spot PR-2000 comes with a variety of extension arms to accomodate any welding job situation...
		Spot welding of quarter panel using C-Arm (PS-302).
	www.prospot.com /pr2000/index.shtml (455 words)

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