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Topic: Spotted Hyena

	Hyena - MSN Encarta
		The size of striped and brown hyenas ranges in length from 1.2 to 1.5 m (3.9 to 4.9 ft), including the 30 cm (12 in) tail, and in weight from 25 to 55 kg (55 to 120 lb).
		Striped hyenas are yellow-brown with dark stripes, and brown hyenas have dark brown coats with distinct stripes on the legs.
		The spotted hyena is classified as Crocuta crocuta, the brown hyena as Parahyaena brunnea, and the striped hyena as Hyaena hyaena.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761552768/Hyena.html (603 words)

	Spotted Hyena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The spotted hyena is primarily a predator, not a scavenger.
		Spotted Hyenas have such formidable jaws (one of the strongest in the animal kingdom) and teeth that they devour even the bones of their kill.
		Hyenas kill small prey by crushing the skull with their jaws, whereas large game is killed in a way similar to that of the african wild dog which dissembowels and devours the victim whilst its still alive.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spotted_Hyena (1091 words)

	Hyena - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hyenas or Hyænas are moderately large terrestrial carnivores native to Africa and the Indian Subcontinent.
		The spotted hyenas are an example of how the cooperative form of hunting can be dictated by the type of prey, as well as the predator’s ability to hunt and kill the different types of prey.
		However, hyenas have learned to deal with this and usually they are fortunate enough to call more of the clan together and take their prey back, unless an adult male lion is present, as male lions seem to truly terrify hyenas and hyenas rarely challenge them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hyena (3367 words)

	Sex and the Spotted Hyena - National Zoo\| FONZ
		Spotted hyenas are named for the dark brown spots that stand out against their short, brownish-yellow fur.
		Studies on the 40-odd captive hyenas are explaining the physiological basis of behaviors that Frank and his colleagues have seen in their 16-year field study of spotted hyenas in the Talek clan living in Kenya's Masai Mara National Reserve.
		Spotted hyenas typically give birth at the mouths of abandoned aardvark burrows, which are filled with passages that narrow as they diverge from the entrance.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Publications/ZooGoer/1995/3/sexandthespottedhyena.cfm (2793 words)

	Spotted Hyena: The Animal Files
		Spotted Hyenas and lions prey upon the same animals and they occasionally end up in confrontations that can lead to the group of hyenas killing a lion.
		Spotted Hyenas consume 3 - 6 kgs (6.6 - 13.2 lbs) of meat per day and using their powerful jaws they are able to crush bone and feed on the marrow inside.
		Spotted Hyena milk is extremely rich having a protein content of 14.9% and a fat content of 14.1%, so unlike lions and wild dogs, Spotted Hyena cubs can go for several days between feeds.
	www.theanimalfiles.com /mammals/carnivores/hyena_spotted.html (746 words)

	NATURE. Critter Guide. Spotted Hyena \| PBS
		The spotted or "laughing" hyena is the largest member of the Hyaenidae (hyena) family that includes three other species: the aardwolf, the striped hyena and the brown hyena.
		The spotted hyena ranges in length from 37 to 65 inches, stands from 27 to 36 inches tall, and weighs between 88 and 189 pounds with females being about five inches longer and 16 pounds heavier than the males.
		The spotted hyena is found throughout Africa, south of the Sahara Desert, except in rain forests and extreme desert conditions.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/nature/critters/hyena.html (246 words)

	Spotted Hyena
		Spotted Hyaena have a wide variety of calls which they use to communicate with other members of their clan, as well as warning off other animals.
		Spotted hyaenas are considered the most sociable of the carnivores and lives in large groups called "clans" which have a complex social structure.
		The female Spotted Hyena's urinary-genital system is unique among mammals: there is no vagina, and the clitoris is modified so that it is as large, and as erectile, as the male's penis - only the shape of the glans makes it possible to tell the sexes apart.
	www.wild-about-you.com /GameSpottedHyena.htm (890 words)

	Spotted Hyena
		Spotted hyenas are the only mammals to disgorge (like owls) indigestible hair, hooves, horn, bone, and grass.
		Spotted hyenas are also known as laughing hyenas because of the cry they emit when they’re afraid.
		The spotted hyena is an adaptable animal, able to comfortably live in flat grasslands, marshes, mountains, forests or rocky country, although they prefer desert lands with large game populations.
	www.robstewartphotography.com /facts/Spottedhyena.asp?i_id=421 (535 words)

	Hyena - WikiFur, the furry encyclopedia
		Early on, the hyenas were seen as evil manipulative animals who had the ability to imitate human speech and lure out the poor victim to later eat it.
		Despite their apparent similarity to canines (and speculative similarity to felines), hyenas branched from the evolutionary tree over 7 million years ago, prior to the protocanid and protofelid families from which modern dogs and cats are descended.
		Spotted Hyena females are difficult to distinguish from males, due to strikingly similar genitalia, including females' false scrotums.
	furry.wikia.com /wiki/Hyena (826 words)

	Thomson Safaris - Newsletter Issue 37
		Some people consider spotted hyenas ugly, disliking perhaps the servile slope of their backs, or the incongruous combination of small, round ears and massive, super-muscled jaws, or the bristling mohawk ridge of fur that runs over their heads and down their backs.
		Because female hyenas have to compete with males for food, and because pregnant and lactating females need extra food to nurture their cubs, pregnant hyenas are extremely aggressive feeders.
		The spotted hyena's efficiency and ferocity equip it to survive when prey is scarce by driving other animals away from kills, by forming packs to hunt, and by skewing meal-time aggressiveness in favor of mothers.
	www.thomsonsafaris.com /newsletter/nl37_hyena.htm (872 words)

	Lioncrusher's Domain -- Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) facts and pictures
		Spotted hyenas are a pale brown color with dark spots all over their back, and a dark brown mask on their face and legs.
		Spotted hyenas are one of the few animals in which the young perform siblicide.
		Spotted hyena milk is very rich, having the highest protein content (14.9%) of any terrestrial carnivore, and the fat content (14.1%) is second only to the polar bear.
	www.lioncrusher.com /animal.asp?animal=75 (2108 words)

	Rebranding the Hyena: Science News Online, April 27, 2002
		The spotted hyena differs from most mammals—with the exception of lemurs—in that the females are the dominant sex.
		Female hyenas, which are often larger than males, have higher concentrations of the typically male hormone androstenedione in early life and are host to some bizarre genital morphology.
		Another puzzling aspect of the spotted hyena's social structure is that it closely resembles that of the socially complex old-world monkeys, a group including baboons and macaques.
	www.sciencenews.org /20020427/bob10.asp (2145 words)

	Lioncrusher's Domain -- Hyaenidae
		Hyenas in general are medium to large sized animals, with both sexes being similair in size, with the exception of the spotted hyena.
		Hyenas are primarily nocturnal, but the spotted hyena is active during the daytime as well.
		Most hyenas' calls are softer than the spotted hyenas' calls, and are only spoken during contact with members of their own family.
	www.lioncrusher.com /family.asp?family=Hyaenidae (920 words)

	Biologist Explores Strange Physiology Of The Hyena
		Feeding a fistful of pills to a ravenous hyena without losing a finger, or wrestling a trapped wild hyena to the ground in the trackless Namibian desert -- these are only two of the "adventures" Duke biologist Christine Drea has experienced in her effort to understand the exotic physiology and behavior of the wild hyena.
		In Dreaâs case, her pursuit has led her to explore the bizarre reproductive physiology of the spotted hyena.
		The female spotted hyena is significantly larger and more aggressive than the male, as well as possessing a long clitoris that resembles a penis so closely that early naturalists believed that there existed no female spotted hyenas.
	www.dukenews.duke.edu /2002/11/dreahyena1102_print.htm (850 words)

	Comparative Mammalian Brain Collections: Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)
		Spotted Hyenas have such formidable jaws (one of the strongest in the animal kingdom) and teeth that they devour even the bones of their kill.
		The female Spotted Hyena's urogenital system is unique among mammals: there is no vagina, and the clitoris is as large and as erectile as the male's penis - only the shape of the glans makes it possible to tell the sexes apart.
		Spotted Hyenas live in the savannas and deserts, in clans averaging 40 individuals - with some as large as 100.
	brainmuseum.org /specimens/carnivora/spottedhyena (409 words)

	Living Library \| Spotted Hyena \| Article in Mammals
		In areas where Spotted Hyena have been persecuted by man, the social fabric of the clan is quickly disrupted and their ability to prey on live animals is reduced.
		Lions and Spotted Hyena are often engaged in a power struggle, with male lion sometimes going out of their way to attack and kill clan matriarchs and the hyenas being major predators of lion cubs.
		Spotted Hyenas are most active after dark but are more often seen during the day than any other large carnivore; they kill by running down their prey until it becomes exhausted - usually choosing lame or young antelope and zebra.
	www.wildwatch.com /living_library/mammals-2/spotted-hyena (1003 words)

	Spotted Hyena
		Color: reddish brown to tan, growing lighter and less spotted with age; yearlings gray and heavily spotted; natal coat nearly fl and unspotted; tail pompom and nose fl regardless of age.
		Hyenas usually lose their kills and have to wait for lions to finish eating.
		However, hyenas in force often unnerve female and immature lions by advancing threateningly and noisily shoulder to shoulder, though rarely attacking.
	sailfish.exis.net /~spook/hyenatxt.html (1771 words)

	Stuffed Plush Hyena From Stuffed Ark
		Hyenas are tireless trotters with excellent sight, hearing, and smell for locating carrion, and they are proficient hunters as well.
		Spotted hyenas range south of the Sahara except in rainforests.
		Spotted hyenas communicate using moans, yells, giggles, and whoops, and these sounds may carry several kilometres.
	stuffedark.com /hyenawl.htm (333 words)

	Spotted Hyenas
		The spotted hyena's teamwork in hunting and sharing food enables it to adapt to varied habitats and prey.
		The hyena seizes its prey by the legs and flank and hangs on until the victim has been brought to its knees.
		The spotted hyena communicates with others using a series of calls, some of which are too high for humans to hear.
	www.angelfire.com /extreme2/wolvesandwildlife/spottedhyena.html (431 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Spotted hyena
		Spotted hyenas are the largest members of the hyena family.
		Spotted hyenas are mainly found in savannah, but also inhabit desert fringe and the edges of tropical rainforest.
		Spotted hyenas have a range of sounds including yells, whoops and sounds that are too quiet for humans to hear.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/3012.shtml (377 words)

	Spotted Hyena
		Spotted hyenas are also known as laughing hyenas because of the cry they emit when they are afraid.
		Spotted hyenas are adaptable animals, able to comfortably live in flat grasslands, marshes, mountains, forests or rocky country, although they prefer semi-desert lands with large game populations.
		Spotted hyenas are not considered at risk at this time.
	www.wildinfo.com /facts/Spottedhyena.asp?page=/facts/Spottedhyena.asp&i_id=421 (533 words)

	Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta)
		Spotted hyenas are very adaptable and seem to have no problem living in area of high human habitation.
		Spotted hyenas are found through out Africa south of the Sahara with the exception of the Congo basin.
		Spotted hyenas are very vocal animals with calls that range from greetings to indicators of aggressive intent.
	www.thebigzoo.com /Animals/Spotted_Hyena.asp (561 words)

	AWF: Wildlife: Hyena
		Spotted hyenas are found in grasslands, woodlands, savannas, subdeserts, forest edges and mountains.
		Hyenas mark and patrol their territories by depositing a strong-smelling substance produced by the anal glands on stalks of grass along the boundaries.
		Hyenas usually bear litters of two to four cubs, which, unlike the other two species, are born with their eyes open.
	www.awf.org /content/wildlife/detail/hyena (578 words)

	About Hyena
		Hyenas are generally thought to form an evolutionary "link" between dogs and cats, being more closely related to cat.
		Hyenas are generally thought of as scavengers, but in fact they are skilled hunters that are quite capable of taking down large prey, except for the aardwolf, which feeds almost entirely on termites.
		Relying primarily on their sense of smell, the hyena is able to signal in on other species, such as lions and cheetahs, to locate possible food sources.
	home19.inet.tele.dk /hyena/hyena.htm (537 words)

	San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes: Striped hyena
		• The mongoose and the meerkat are the hyena's closest relatives.
		Hyenas can hear sounds that human ears cannot, and they listen for sounds from other predators that may lead them to a kill that is miles away.
		Striped hyenas at the San Diego Zoo and the Wild Animal Park are fed carnivore diet, assorted fruits and vegetables, a mouse or rat, and small bones.
	www.sandiegozoo.org /animalbytes/t-striped_hyena.html (1114 words)

	Dr. Ellen K. Rudolph - African Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta)
		Why the female hyena developed in this manner is not known, but it may have been necessary for them to appear large and strong to protect their young from males, as hyenas have cannibalistic tendencies.
		When a hyena is about to attack it carries its tail straight,; when excited it holds its tail forward over the back; and when frightened the hyena keeps its tail between its legs.
		Although hyenas were once thought to be chiefly scavengers living off of carrion (dead or decaying flesh), studies have found that they hunt and kill their own prey the majority of the time.
	www.drellenrudolph.com /africa/animal10.html (534 words)

	Spotted Hyena, Spotted Hyena Profile, Facts, Information, Photos, Pictures, Sounds, Habitats, Reports, News - National ...
		Spotted hyenas are famed scavengers and often dine on the leftovers of other predators.
		Spotted hyenas live together in large groups called clans that may include up 80 individuals and are led by females.
		Spotted hyenas are quite vocal and make a wide variety of sounds, including the "laughing" that has long been associated with their name.
	animals.nationalgeographic.com /animals/mammals/hyena.html (417 words)

	Pictures of the spotted hyena\|Crocuta crocuta facts
		Crocuta crocuta, the spotted hyena, is generally found in the open habitats of Africa south of the Sahara.
		The Jungle: Hyena The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) is an African scavenger/predator.
		The spotted hyena is a vital part of the South African ecosystem; as predators they serve a vital role in trimming the herds of buffalo, wildebeest and other herbivores, thus preventing overpopulation and dangerous ecological unbalance.
	www.thewebsiteofeverything.com /animals/mammals/Carnivora/Hyaenidae/Crocuta/Crocuta-crocuta.html (768 words)

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