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Topic: Spotted Seal

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	SCS: Spotted Seal (Phoca largha)
		seal, the spotted seal inhabits the ice and waters of the north Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas, being found along the continental shelf of the Beaufort, Chukchi, Bering and Okhotsk Seas and south to the northern Huanghai Sea and western Sea of Japan.
		Russian hunters kill spotted seals to be used as food on fox fur farms and for subsistence purposes, one estimate of the annual kill being around 2,500 with a maximum quota of 15,000.
		Spotted seals in the Okhotsk Sea and Bering Seas disperse in all directions, some up to the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, while in the Bohai Sea the migration is to the south and east.
	www.pinnipeds.org /species/spotted.htm (1031 words)

	Alaska Refuges - Togiak National Wildlife Refuge
		Spotted seals differ from harbor seals in that their pups are born with a soft, light coat while harbor seal pups usually have the same coat as adults.
		Spotted seal pups, like the one pictured at right, are born with a soft, light-colored coat.
		Spotted and harbor seals feed on similar species, but in areas where they overlap, they are thought to specialize on different prey items.
	www.r7.fws.gov /nwr/togiak/wildlife/seals.htm (738 words)

	Spotted Seal: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		The spotted seal is strongly associated with sea ice from autumn to late spring-early summer and bears its young on the drifting pack ice.
		Very large spotted seals may be as heavy as 270 pounds (123 kg), but most physically mature adults of both sexes weigh between 180 to 240 pounds (81 to 109 kg).
		It is noteworthy that spotted seals are abundant along the northwest coast during months of open water and are replaced in that zone by ringed seals when extensive ice is present.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/marine/spt-seal.php (1334 words)

	Spotted Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The scientific name for the Spotted Seal is derived from the Greek word for seal (phoce) and from the latinized word (largha), therefore Phoca Largha.
		Spotted Seals when reaching adulthood have 34 teeth and their nose resembles the snout of most dogs.
		Most Spotted Seal pups are born during the first two weeks of April but some are born into the first part of May. The female seal nurses the young for about 21 to 28 days at which time the young seals double their weight.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/arctic_wildlife/111498 (465 words)

	TIBCS: About Bengals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The seal lynx point (blue-eyed) and seal sepia (gold or green-eyed) spotted tabbies (fondly referred to by breeders as two of the "snow" leopard spotteds) have ivory backgrounds with contrasting spots.
		Spots of all colors and patterns vary in color, size, rosetting and intensity but preference is given to random and horizontal pattern alignment with wide spacing or "acreage".
		This might be due to a visual undesirable trait such as a spot of white color on the throat or groin (referred to as a locket) or a genetic defect that might put offspring at risk for ill health.
	www.bengalcat.com /aboutbengals/bengal.aspx (846 words)

	Phoca largha, Spotted Seal at MarineBio.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Spotted seals, Phoca largha, are found around the ice and waters of the north Pacific Ocean and adjacent seas, including the continental shelf of the Beaufort, Chukchi, Bering and Okhotsk Seas and south to the northern Huanghai Sea and western Sea of Japan.
		As with other Arctic species, the Spotted seal is threatened by climate change because their habitat consists of the ice front at the southern edge of the sea ice, an area that may change due to global warming forcing all seal species in the region to redistribute.
		Spotted seals are also caught as bycatch by fisheries and some have been killed by fishermen for preying on catches in fishing nets.
	www.marinebio.com /species.asp?id=313 (1073 words)

	Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies \| Stellwagen Bank \| Seal Identification
		Harbor seals are relatively small (1.5 meters, or 5 feet long), with a coat that varies somewhat with age, wetness and between individuals.
		Harbor seals’ front flippers have relatively small claws, and the claws of their hind flippers are tiny.
		Despite the fact that harp seals are considered a northern species, dependent upon pack ice habitats for pupping, sightings of juveniles in the southern Gulf of Maine have increased in the last decade, during the winter months.
	www.coastalstudies.org /what-we-do/stellwagen-bank/seal-identification.htm (1139 words)

	Sea Ice Ecology Research
		Spotted seals are most dependent on the seasonal sea ice in the Bering Sea during the spring pupping and mating season.
		Seal analysis showed an increase in reproductive success in the 1980’s and 1998, which coincided with a boom in groundfish biomass, and a decrease in reproductive success from 2000 to 2003, which was concurrent with the warmest temperatures on record and a subsequent decrease in sea ice concentration in the Bering Sea.
		Additionally, seals were found to have a lower reproductive rate during “heavy” ice conditions and in the eastern regions of the Bering Sea.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /snowice/sea-lake-ice/sie.html (652 words)

	WHITE SPOTTED SEALS Of LITTLE RIVER CA
		White spotted seals are found throughout the northern hemisphere in the nearshore waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
		White spotted seals are very graceful and swift in the water, propelling themselves forward by sweeping their powerful hind flippers back and forth in a sculling motion.
		White spotted seals are primarily bottom feeders, eating a variety of fish and mollusks that live near the ocean floor.
	www.lagunajournal.com /white_spotted_seals_of_little_ri.htm (1154 words)

	Seal Finger - An enigma and a challenge
		"Seal finger" is a finger infection associated with bites, cuts, or scrapes contaminated by the mouths, blood, or blubber of certain marine mammals.
		Noted in all areas of the world where salt water sealing is practiced, the incidence of "seal finger" in Alaska as elsewhere has declined markedly during the last 50 years.
		Unanswered questions remain as to the epidemiology of "seal finger"; it is unclear which marine mammals can produce "seal finger", which parts of the mammal transmit illness, and whether sites other then thumbs and fingers can develop infection.
	www.epi.hss.state.ak.us /bulletins/docs/b1983_17.htm (576 words)

	Sorting Seals: Arctic Science Journeys Radio
		One is the harbor seal, the plump, ubiquitous marine mammal that prefers ice-free areas; and the spotted seal, a species at home along the ice edge.
		He says spotted seals probably number around 1,600 animals, but since they come and go frequently from the bay, that number could be higher.
		Spotted seals are famous for their wandering ways.
	www.uaf.edu /seagrant/NewsMedia/02ASJ/02.01.02sorting-seals.html (874 words)

	Native Village of Kotzebue Alaska, Kotzebue IRA, Current Projects, Qikiktagruk
		Bearded seals were identified as the highest priority for research at a July 2003 meeting of Alaska Native resource managers, scientists and state and federal agencies to discuss ice seal conservation and management.
		Bearded seals are the most important marine mammal subsistence species for hunters in Kotzebue Sound and they are harvested extensively in spring on the pack ice and fall in open water and as freeze-up approaches.
		Conducted research in natural history and ecology of seals and beluga whales in Alaska including distribution, movements and diving behavior (satellite tagging) of spotted seals, harbor seals, and belugas; trophic interactions (diet) of ice-associated seals; abundance and trends of marine mammal populations; habitat use and diet of harbor seals.
	www.kotzebueira.org /current_projects.html (3673 words)

	Colors & Patterns
		A spotted Bengal is bred to have the resemblance of a spotted leopard.
		A marble Bengal is bred to emulate the clouded leopard.
		Spotted rosettes (pictured above) have dark outlines of the spots with a lighter contrasting color in the middle.
	www.encorebengals.com /colorspatterns.htm (662 words)

	Standards
		Seal Sepia Spotted Tabby, and Seal Sepia Marbled Tabby.
		For seal lynx point snow Bengals, the color is blue; for seal mink and seal sepia snow Bengals, the color is green to gold to blue-green.
		As for the spots themselves, rosettes are preferred, but not mandatory; however, the spots need to be randomly aligned or aligned horizontally, and preference will be given for the most contrast between the spots themselves and the background color of the cat.
	www.websurfin.com /bengal/goalsstandards.htm (1170 words)

	Earless seal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Additionally, true seals do not communicate by "barking" like the fur seals and sea lions of family Otariidae.
		The communicate by slapping the water and grunting.
		Caribbean Monk Seal, Monachus tropicalis (probably extinct around 1950)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Earless_seal (780 words)

	Raganwood Bengals - Queens
		Seal (Snow) Mink Marbles are born with light markings and one can tell if they have a spotted or marble pattern and they usually have aqua eyes.
		Seal Mink Bengals quite often have bolder markings than the Seal Lynx when they are mature (about 3 years).
		Her sire is a Seal (Snow) Lynx Marble and her dam is a Silver Spotted.
	www.raganwood.com /queens.html (794 words)

	Caribbean Monk Seal Resource Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Caribbean Monk Seal Skull Caribbean Monk Seal Skull - Also known as the West Indian monk seal, the Caribbean monk seal has not been found in the wild since 1952 and is believed to be extinct...
		The Caribbean monk seal is presumed to be extinct since the 1950's.
		Seal Mirounga angustirostris Southern Elephant Seal Mirounga leonina Mediterranean Monk Seal Monachus monachus Caribbean Monk Seal Monachus tropicalis EXTINCT Hawaiian Monk Seal Monachus schauinslandi...
	www.allcaribbean.info /find/caribbeanmonkseal (1029 words)

	Marine Mammal Factsheets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The furred hind flippers of true seals are shorter than those of the fur seals and sea lions, and extend behind their body to provide propulsion when swimming.
		The walrus is a mix of both the true seal and the fur seal and sea lion.
		Similar to eared seals, they can move their hind flippers forward and underneath their bodies but they cannot bear weight.
	www.imma.org /pinnipeds (373 words)

	Bengal Genetics
		The spotted pattern is a variant on the mackerel tabby pattern found in most domestics, the bengals pattern is also influenced by the asian leopard cats horizontal pattern unlike the domestic vertical alignment to the pattern.
		The spotted pattern is dominate over the marble pattern so a spotted bred to a marble will produce all spotted unless the spotted is also carrying the recessive marble pattern.
		Seal lynx points come from the pointed gene (the same gene that creates the points on a Siamese).
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/Andes/4561/genetic.htm (1183 words)

	NewStandard: 4/17/97 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Usually, the seals are found in the Gooseberry Neck area, near Westport Harbor and River and Cuttyhunk Island.
		At this time of the year, seals are still found in the area because they have not migrated further south, yet.
		However, beach watchers sitting in their cars said the sight of a seal in Fairhaven at this time of year was a pleasant suprise.
	www.s-t.com /daily/04-97/04-17-97/c01lo302.htm (295 words)

	Seal and Sea Lion Posters
		The true seals, sea lions, fur seals and Walrus are all pinnipeds.
		The smallest pinniped, the Galapagos Fur Seal weighs about 30 kg when full-grown and is 1.2 metres long; the largest, the male Southern Elephant Seal, is over 4 metres long and weighs up to 2,200 kg.
		However, because they cannot turn their hind flippers downward, they are very clumsy on land because they have to wriggle with their front flippers and abdominal muscles; this method of locomotion is called gallumphing.
	www.junglewalk.com /shop/Seal-posters-P2.htm (638 words)

	Species Profiles — OBIS-SEAMAP
		Harbor seals are not obviously sexually dimorphic, and a look at the ventral surface or observing the close association of a pup with its mother are required to separate the sexes.
		A hissing rolling growl is one of the few vocalizations made by this seal, and it frequently accompanies foreflipper slapping, batting and scratching of neighboring seals.
		Harbor seals live in coastal areas in the middle of some of the most heavily fished waters on earth, and as a result there are entanglement issues as well as effects on the food chains they depend on for their prey.
	seamap.env.duke.edu /species/tsn/180649 (1477 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		An Alaska fur seal - Callorhinus ursinus - in the rocky intertidal area of a Bering Sea Island.
		A lone seal's head is seen as he cruises among the small ice bergs of Tracy Arm.
		Spotted gull nest in the grass and foliage.
	www.photolib.noaa.gov /animals/anind4.htm (316 words)

	Cultural Uses of Alaska Marine Animals on www.Alaskool.org
		The spotted seal is used for making fur clothing, especially out of the waterproof material which we use in working and traveling on the Arctic ice.
		Walrus, spotted seal, beluga and whale blubber were used for different forms of medication, especially when we were having a large number of diseases like the common colds and infections of different natures.
		The marine mammals that we have been utilizing in our art have been the bowhead whale, the giant seal, the spotted seal, walrus, and we consider the polar bear to be one of our more fantastic wild creatures of the sea.
	www.alaskool.org /projects/subsistence/brower/cultural_uses.htm (2160 words)

	Bengal Standard
		Spotted: Spots shall be random, or aligned horizontally.
		Seal Sepia Tabby: Ground color should be ivory, cream, or light tan with pattern clearly visible.
		Seal mink tabby pattern may be various shades of seal mink to a dark seal mink.
	members.home.nl /anja-knol/bengal_standard.htm (1207 words)

	color and pattern
		In ACFA registry, the Bengal cat has to be the fifth generation from the Asian leopard cat and is shown in the same divisions.
		In 1991 the only recognized color and division of the Bengal cat was the brown spotted tabby, but in 1994 the addition of seal lynx point, seal mink, and seal sepia also added another pattern, the marble.
		NOTE: The brown spotted tabby is often referred to as a leopard pattern, the seal lynx, seal mink and seal sepia as snow leopard.
	www.akerrsbengals.com /colorandpattern.htm (155 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Spotted seal - Phoca largha - with pup
		Restraining a spotted seal pup - Phoca largha
		Helicopter transport for scientists during seal tagging operations A not pleased bearded seal pup - Erignathus barbatus - restrained for tagging.
	www.photolib.noaa.gov /animals/anind2.htm (249 words)

	Spotted Seal Skull Replica
		Spotted Seal Skull - Spotted seals, also called largha seals, are named for their spotted pelts.
		The spotted seal is gregarious, sometimes herding together in groups numbering into the thousands.
		At one time scientists believed this species and the harbor seal to be the same.
	www.skullsunlimited.com /spotted-seal-skull.html (108 words)

	Standards
		The goal of the Bengal breeding program is to create a domestic cat which was the physical features distinctive to the small forest-dwelling wild cats, but with the loving dependable temperament of the domestic cat.
		Rosettes formed by a part-circle of spots around a distinctly redder center are preferable to single spotting, but not required.
		Pattern can vary in color from dark seal brown, light brown, tan, or buff, with the light spectacles, whicker pads, and chin.
	www.geocities.com /nw_bengals/Standards.html (492 words)

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