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Topic: Sprachbund

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	Sprachbund - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Sprachbund (German for language bond, also known as a linguistic area, convergence area, diffusion area) is a group of languages that have become similar in some way because of geographical proximity.
		One clear example instance is the East Asian Sprachbund, in which many languages of East Asia South-East Asia, including Thai and Vietnamese, have taken on the appearance of neighbouring languages like Chinese, with monosyllabic words and distinctive tones.
		A dialect continuum describes a group of dialects spoken across a geographical area, differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close, and gradually decreasing in mutual intelligibility as distances increase.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sprachbund (339 words)

	Encyclopedia: Sprachbund
		A Sprachbund (German for language union, also known as a linguistic area, convergence area, diffusion area) is a group of languages that have become similar in some way because of geographical proximity.
		An areal feature, in linguistics, is the appearance of a given feature of typology in several unrelated languages due to the influence of geographical closeness.
		Balkan linguistic union or Balkan sprachbund is a name given to the similarities in syntax, vocabulary and phonology found in the languages of the Balkans, term coined by the Romanian linguist Alexandru Rosetti.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sprachbund (1076 words)

	Sprachbund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		MAGAZINES The Journal of the American Oriental Society 10/1/1996 Hamp, Eric P. mechanics of acquisition by a language of a Sprachbund trait or supposedly diffused areal feature...
		A further characteristic of Bright's linguistic studies is their awareness of the extent to which linguistic systems embody...
		In Slavic, outside the Balkan Sprachbund such a category is lacking.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Sprachbund (506 words)

	Balkan Comparative Syntax
		A Sprachbund is an area where long- term intense and intimate contact among speakers of several different languages has led to massive structural convergence in languages that were once quite different from one another.
		Sprachbund significance for such features would be inconsistent with their deep nature, since the "action" in language contact, so to speak, is at the surface, not at a deep level, yet contact is crucial for the development of a Sprachbund.
		It is often the case that languages in a Sprachbund are not related to one another or at least not closely related; in the case of the Balkans, although most of the relevant languages are Indo-European, they represent different subgroups (branches) of the Indo-European family.
	ling.ohio-state.edu /~bjoseph/articles/balkan.htm (8282 words)

	Sprachbund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The most publicised Sprachbund is the Balkan area, most typically exemplified by Albanian, Romanian, Macedonian and Bulgarian.
		The Sprachbund phenomenon is the result of interference between two languages spoken bilingually by a substantial group of speakers.
		Since this usually only occurs when the native areas of the two languages are geographically close to one another, the phenomenon is often referred to as "areal features".
	www.ling.lu.se /education/homepages/ALS052/thecourse/examples/sprachbund1.html (239 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.2549: Revision of 12.2413, Languages in Contact
		In addition, the focus on "structural features" is to avoid the inclusion, in a certain Sprachbund, of all the languages that may have borrowed lexical items from languages belonging to the area in question without undertaking a close direct contact.
		She underscores the social and cultural specificity of each case both for the arising of a Sprachbund and for the adequate historical interpretation of its shared features.
		The fact that a lot has still to be done in areal linguistics makes the answer to where the areal features come from not an easy one, since it is not obvious in all the cases what the original source language was and how the processes of contact and change took place.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/12/12-2549.html (1947 words)

	Tuite, Kevin: The myth of the Caucasian Sprachbund: the case of ergativity - LanguageServer - University of Graz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Tuite, Kevin: The myth of the Caucasian Sprachbund: the case of ergativity - LanguageServer - University of Graz
		Tuite, Kevin: The myth of the Caucasian Sprachbund: the case of ergativity
		Title: The myth of the Caucasian Sprachbund: the case of ergativity
	languageserver.uni-graz.at /ls/art?id=641 (41 words)

	Re: Balkan Sprachbund
		Hi Ervin - A 'Sprachbund' is a group of languages spoken in areas that are geographically close to each other - the languages may or may not be related - and contact between the languages results in shared features, such as absence of infinitive verb forms in the language.
		The Balkan Sprachbund includes Bulgarian, Macedonian, SE dialects of Serbo-Croatian, Albanian, Greek, and Romanian.
		There is an informative discussion of Sprachbunds in Chapter 4, which is entitled "Language Contact and Linguistic Convergence': _Lectures on Language Contact_, by Ilse Lehiste, 1988, Cambridge: MIT Press.
	ccms.ntu.edu.tw /~karchung/askalinguist/Balkansprachbund.htm (272 words)

	13th Balkan and South Slavic Conference, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The legitimacy of the defining characteristics of the Balkan Sprachbund has been widely debated, and its individual members and their reciprocal language influences have been deeply scrutinized.
		While the Balkan Sprachbund traditionally is made up in significant part of Bulgarian, Macedonian, Greek, Romanian and Albanian, marginally Serbo-Croatian and its offspring, and, to a lesser degree, Turkish, Arumanian, Balkan Romany and Judeo-Spanish; the "Moldovan Sprachbund" is comprised of Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Romanian and Gagauz, as well as, to a much lesser extent, Romany.
		The paper will also examine to what extent Moldova is in fact simply an extension of the Balkan Sprachbund or is a portion of it that historically has fragmented away from the mainstream due to political, among other, factors.
	www.unc.edu /bss13/abstracts?dyer (339 words)

	Mark Nuckols, Ohio State University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		There is already a considerable body of scholarly work on the Balkan Sprachbund, and Sprachbünde have also been proposed for Meso-America and South Asia.
		This paper accordingly examines the case for a Sprachbund of Czech, German, Hungarian and Slovak.
		These data indicate that the languages of central Europe merit further scholarly investigation as a possible Sprachbund, especially in light of the fact that there are numerous, often hotly contested “areal features” in generally accepted Sprachbünde, such as that in the Balkans.
	aatseel.org /program/aatseel/2003/abstracts/Nuckols.htm (417 words)

	LOT Summer School 2003 -
		The course will discuss the morpho-syntactic Balkan Sprachbund features in nine languages in which they are most numerous.
		The differences and idiosyncrasies in the representation of the most widely acknowledged Balkan Sprachbund morpho-syntactic features will be displayed in interaction with other features in the structure of the DP or the sentence of individual languages.
		Basic knowledge of generative grammar - more specifically, functional projections and movement, structure of the left periphery, agreement in the CP and the DP - will be presupposed.
	wwwlot.let.uu.nl /GraduateProgram/LotSchools/Summerschool2003/cdTomic.htm (461 words)

	Canadian Slavonic Papers: A Fungus by Any Other Name: Slovene Mycological Loan Translations
		A multi-language comparison of designations for various fungus in Slavic and geographically adjacent languages makes it possible to identify which names are likely the result of loan translation and which names are likely the result of chance similarity due to salient features of the fungus.
		One of the difficulties inherent in identifying lexical calques is that terms with identical sememes in different languages may have involved borrowing from one language into another, or may have arisen completely independently.
		A striking example of a sprachbund effect in botanical names is seen in the various Slavic words for the lilac (Syringa vulgaris).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3763/is_200503/ai_n14901015 (1293 words)

	Dwyer DGfS 2001 Language contact abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Predicting linguistic change: reweighing social, historical, and internal factors in a Sprachbund.
		Implicit in the definition of typological universals of change is the desire to make scientific predictions: internal predictions about language behavior within a single Sprachbund, and comparative predictions between languages of the world.
		In this paper, socio-historical and linguistic factors are re-examined for their predictive value; linguistic continua of the Inner Asian Sprachbund are used as an example.
	people.ku.edu /~arienne/tomat/DwyerDGfS.htm (399 words)

	The Balkan Linguistic Convergence Area
		The objective of this paper is to examine the linguistic phenomenon known as the Balkan Sprachbund, or Balkan linguistic convergence area, and to explore some of the processes that could have led to several widely differing languages to converge on a number of significant syntactic points.
		Although the Balkan languages in question, Greek, Albanian, South Slavic (Bulgarian, Macedonian and Serbo-Croatian), and Romanian are all distant Indo-European cousins, the number of syntactic parallels between them is so great as to allow one to speak of a unique Balkan language community.
		In addition, due to the existence of a large number of nomadic pastoralists such as the Vlachs, there was constant linguistic exposure and intermingling throughout the area.
	www.gis.net /~amesar/papers/balkan.html (2448 words)

	LINGUIST List 12.2413: Gilbers et al., Languages in Contact
		Therefore, I will limit my review then to a few articles that I find theoretically stimulating in order to discuss the main foci and the future directions of Sprachbund studies without going into too much specific structural detail which would be inevitable when reviewing case studies.
		Several social and cultural factors condition the emergence of a Sprachbund out of close contact between more than two language for a long time.
		Another critical points, which does not relate to this volume only but to contact linguistics in general, is to decentralize the classical Eurasian Sprachbï¿½nde and direct more extensive research into the other areas as well (only one article referred to Africa in the present volume).
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/12/12-2413.html (1778 words)

	Maerik grammar outline - FrathWiki
		Mærik words and sentences didn't make sense to somebody who only knew Old Swedish, and conversely Old Swedish would not have made sense to someone who only knew Mærik, although it is probable that all speakers of Mærik had also been speakers of North Scandinavian for very many generations.
		Although the phonetic and phonemic similarities indicate some kind of Sprachbund relationship between Mærik and Old Swedish, there are on the other hand few similarities in grammatic structure.
		Mærik phonology is very much similar to Old Swedish phonology, due to the Sprachbund relationship between the languages.
	wiki.frath.net /Maerik_grammar_outline (1731 words)

	Far Outliers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Having done fieldwork in a kind of New Guinea Sprachbund, I intended to study the Romanian literature on the Balkan Sprachbund.
		I came away much less impressed by the Balkan Sprachbund than by the Western European one, with all those preposed articles, a stronger tendency to render subordinate clauses in the infinitive rather than the subjunctive, and a clearly discernible Latin superstrate.
		The four young German girls were all Russian majors (at the University of Leipzig, I believe) picking up a second language to enhance their translator/interpreter career prospects.
	faroutliers.blogspot.com /2005/05/german-and-chinese-classmates-in-my.html (722 words)

	Conference abstract: Ronelle Alexander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Slavic component of the Balkan Sprachbund is perhaps its most significant member, simply because not all Slavic dialects spoken on the Balkan peninsula are considered part of the Balkan Sprachbund.
		By careful study of both Balkan and Slavic phenomena (the former undertaking necessarily cross-linguistic in nature, the latter focused on gradations of the South Slavic dialect continuum), one can attempt to locate the point at which typically Slavic characteristics shade into typically Balkan ones.
		is the enumeration of common traits a sufficient index of the existence of a Sprachbund?
	www.ku.edu /~slavic/bss99-alexander.html (213 words)

	Peoples Republic Of Cork Forums - dutch
		It's definitely closer to German than most Dutch care to admit, I prefer it to German myself though, I get a strange pleasure from uttering some of those phlegm-clearing words.
		It's part of the Germanic Sprachbund stretching from Galway (some could argue California or Honolulu) right over to Poland.
		'Sprachbund' is a German term itself, and implies a gradual shift in pronounciation and semantics over an area which, in this case, also implies a shift in word order and grammatical structure.
	www.peoplesrepublicofcork.com /~peoplesr/forums/printthread.php?t=34001 (322 words)

	Grant Abstract 2002
		Such heuristic problems will be discussed in regard to the potential Sprachbund status of Western Micronesia.
		Thus two of the four groupings in this Sprachbund are near-isolates and Yapese is an Admiralties offshoot.
		In substantiating Western Micronesia as a Sprachbund I will discuss probative issues raised by two of the four participatory stocks lacking close relatives.
	arts.anu.edu.au /crlc/Grant_abstract.html (433 words)

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