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Topic: Spray drying

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	Spray drying - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spray drying is the process of mixing and drying a slurry (a kind of suspension) to form a homogeneous mixture of powders.
		Spray drying is sometimes used in the food industry, in milk, egg, fruit juice and dairy products, as well as coffee (although it has been mostly displaced by freeze drying in this aspect).
		Although the air dry-bulb usually reaches 200 degrees celsius, the air wet-bulb rarely exceeds 55 C and the dried particles are removed from the drier usually within 30 seconds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spray_drying (276 words)

	Spray Drying
		The typical surface temperature of a particle during the constant drying zone is 45-50 C. For this reason, it is possible to spray dry some bacterial suspensions without destruction of the organisms.
		The atomized liquid droplets are dried while suspended in the chamber and the powder settles to the floor where it is conveyed by a reciprocating scraper (J) to the screw conveyor (K).
		The physical properties of spray dried powders is related to the characteristics of the matrix of the shells and to the size of the vacuole.
	class.fst.ohio-state.edu /Dairy_Tech/14Spraydrying.htm (3147 words)

	Spray Drying Technology. Niro's spray dryers are industrial leaders in industrial drying.
		Niro's spray dryers are industrial leaders in industrial drying.
		Therefore, spray drying is an ideal process where the end-product must comply to precise quality standards regarding particle size distribution, residual moisture content, bulk density, and particle shape.
		Spray drying involves the atomization of a liquid feedstock into a spray of droplets and contacting the droplets with hot air in a drying chamber.
	www.niroinc.com /html/drying/fdspraychem.html (502 words)

	Principles for Spray Drying of Fruits and Vegetables
		During spray drying of fruits, different amounts of additives are used depending upon the specific fruit in use.
		Spray drying seems to be the most efficient process in obtaining high quality tomato powder at a low cost (Masters, 1976).
		Spray drying is an important method to dry heat sensitive products such as fruits and vegetables.
	www.wsu.edu /~gmhyde/433_web_pages/drying-web-pages98/spray-dry/spray-dry-fruit-veg-juice.htm (1042 words)

	Food Product Design: Spray-Drying-- Innovative Use of an Old Process
		The objective is to produce a spray of high surface-to-mass ratio droplets (ideally of equal size), then to uniformly and quickly evaporate the water.
		Drying occurs in two phases, and air-temperature control is vital to their control.
		These dry fines stick to the moist new particles, producing an agglomerate of particles, which is dried, cooled and packaged.
	www.foodproductdesign.com /archive/1997/0597DE.html (3463 words)

	SprayNet - linking you to a world of Spray Drying Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Spray drying is an important processing technique, widely used in a number of industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, bulk and fine chemicals.
		Optimisation of spray drying in many of these industries is often limited by a lack of basic scientific understanding.
		Spray drying is a very energy intensive process and it is anticipated that energy savings of at least 10% are possible.
	www.search-labs.com /Spray-net/Html/summary.html (590 words)

	Spray dryer — spray drying, atomizing, hot air mixing, powder separation
		Air, which is, normally the drying media used, is heated to a predefined temperature depending upon the characteristics of the feed fluid and dried product either an indirect hot air generator or a direct hot air generator.
		Dried powder is discharged continuously from the bottom of the drying chamber through rotary valve and the air containing fines is taken to either a cyclone separator or passed through a textile fabric in a bag filter to recover the fines.
		Spray dried is an ideal choice as it offers defined end product characteristics in terms of particle size, moisture content, bulk density and particle shape.
	www.acmefil.com /spraydryer.htm (435 words)

	Spray Dryers, Spray Drying, Spray Dryer System
		Niro specializes in industrial spray drying and agglomeration, and has long been the world leader in spray drying technology.
		The location of the fluid bed within the drying chamber permits drying to be achieved at lower temperature levels resulting in higher thermal efficiencies and cooler conditions for powder handling.
		Dry ingredients for additional flavor or nutrient fortification can be added within the system to further promote capabilities and improve formulation efficiencies.
	www.niroinc.com /html/drying/fdspray.html (568 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A process and an apparatus utilizing a fluidized bed in the bottom of the spray drying chamber is described in e.
		Above the ceiling 10 of the drying chamber is a plenum 13 through which spent drying gases are with- drawn from the drying chamber via the filter elements 9a-f.
		During the drying process smaller particles as well as agglomerates of a plurality of particles are formed in the drying chamber.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/03807.010118&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2182 words)

	Spray Drying (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This web page summarizes the basic principles applied in spray drying, and continues with specific, detailed descriptions of spray drying for fruit and vegetable juices, microencapsulation, and brewers yeast reclamation.
		Spray dryers can be used from small to very high productions depending on their design.
		The raw material fluid is sprayed into hot air and transformed into droplets and then dried particles.
	www.wsu.edu /~gmhyde/433_web_pages/drying-web-pages98/spray-dry/Spray-Drying-intro.htm (332 words)

	KILBURN ENGINEERING LTD.
		The purpose of spray drying is to produce a powdered or granular product in one step by drying an ' atomized' liquid feed (solution, suspension, or emulsion) in heated air or other gaseous medium.
		Spray dried particles are usually spheroidal, which give the product excellent flow characteristics.
		These versatile tower spray dryers are used for efficient drying of inorganics, catalysts, ceramics, powdered metals, pigments, dyes and similar materials.
	www.kilburnengg.com /solid-spray.htm (473 words)

	History - Spray drying/fluid bed drying/powder technology worldwide supplier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Niro is a world leader in industrial drying, with spray drying, freeze drying, and fluid bed processing as core technologies.
		The spray dryer with integrated fluid bed becomes the most important spray dryer concept in the food and chemical industries for producing agglomerated instant powders.
		The SDMICRO?, a fully functional spray drying plant in miniature, is presented at the ACHEMA exhibition in Frankfurt.
	www.niro.com.au /ndk_website/gpau/cmsdoc.nsf/WebDoc/ndkw63t7gb (757 words)

	Statistical Modeling of Protein Spray Drying at the Lab Scale
		Spray drying is a common method for producing a dry powder from a liquid.
		Some advantages of spray drying include the ability to produce a dry powder rapidly (eg, compared to lyophilization) and the ability to control the particle size distribution.
		Also, for conditions that were not spraying well (eg, excessive condensation in the drying chamber), runs were conducted at slightly different operational inputs from those dictated by the factorial design.
	www.aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt030104&pdf=yes (2784 words)

	Spray Drying Examples
		In addition, indeed as a consequence of eliminating preferred orientation, the XRPD patterns of spray dried samples are extremely reproducible as illustrated below.
		Spray dried talc, illustrating the effect of particles which are slightly too large.
		Examples of spray dried and non spray dried powder x ray diffraction patterns.
	www.macaulay.ac.uk /spraydrykit/sprayexamples.html (173 words)

	Expert: Spray Drying Expert
		Expert notes that the spray drying process involves the atomization of a liquid feed formulation into hot drying air to produce a dried particulate material.
		Besides being able to dry both heat sensitive and non-heat sensitive materials, it has the added advantage of producing, through dryer design selection and operation, different types of powders, including agglomerated and granular forms as required for a particular manufacturing or end-usage need.
		He is the author of books on spray drying, recognized worldwide as the most comprehensive books on the subject ever published: Spray Drying; Spray Drying Handbook; and Spray Drying in Practice.
	www.intota.com /viewbio.asp?bioID=773210&perID=722739 (524 words)

	Spray Drying Technology - Spray Dryer and Spray Dryers Information from Niro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The spray dryer design and technology provides the powder producer with the ability to control the powder form through the spray drying process.
		The Niro spray dryers are designed to produce properties such as particle size, bulk density, moisture content, solubility, dispersibility etc. exactly as desired by the user.
		Spray Dryer and coolers, fluid bed systems, freeze concentration and freeze drying, evaporation, homogenisation, membranefiltration systems, granulation and cooling units are included in the company's supply.
	www.niro.co.uk /ndk_website/nuk/cmsdoc.nsf/WebDoc/ndkk5hmc6zSprayDryers (417 words)

	Designs of Drying Chambers for Spray Drying
		The drying chambers with a flat bottom require a scraper or suction device to remove the powder fraction from the chamber.
		In the tall-form drying chamber, the emphasis has been on designing a plant with a laminar air flow and a special air outlet system, where the diameter of the cone is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical part thus forming a ring duct termed a "bustle".
		The drying chamber should always be equipped with inspection doors, light sources, over-pressure vents, and other safety equipment such as fire extinguishing equipment in the form of water or steam nozzles.
	www.jetpumps.de /ndk_website/niro/cmsdoc.nsf/WebDoc/ndkw5y7drmLibrary (394 words)

	Atomization - The key to spray drying
		The degree of atomization, under a set of spray drying conditions, controls the drying rate, and therefore the required particle residence time, and therefore the spray dryer size.
		The average particle size produced for a given spray dryer feed is primarily a function of the flow per nozzle, and the compressed gas rate and pressure.
		Control of wall buildup is minimal, due to direction of spray (horizontal) and broad particle size distribution, forcing the dryer to be relatively large in diameter.
	www.spraydrysys.com /atomization.htm (614 words)

	SES Process Technology Group - CFD - Spray Dryer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The dryer is of the countercurrent type, with hot air entering through vanes in the bustle of the dryer and wet particles injected through pressure swirl atomizers at the top of the dryer.
		These plots indicate the presence of a region of cool wet air adjacent to the wall of the dryer and a core of hot dry air in the center.
		With the temperature and water mass fraction of the air known, calculations can be made of the temperature and level of dryness of the particles as they traverse the dryer.
	www.processinnovation.com /spray_dryer.htm (490 words)

	Whey with Fat - Spray drying/fluid bed drying/powder technology worldwide supplierdrying spray drying spray drying ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The addition of fat to the whey concentrate prior to the drying is used.
		In this plant the concentrate is sprayed downwards onto a slowly moving belt on which the powder accumulates as a layer (mat) of powder, which is continuously being conveyed out of the drying zone into the after-drying and cooling zone.
		The process air (primary drying, secondary drying, and cooling) is ex-hausted through the powder mat and the belt (consisting of a porous synthetic food-grade material) and through a cyclone.
	www.geap.co.nz /ndk_website/NNZ/CMSDoc.nsf/WebDoc/ndkw5y8gm9Library (592 words)

	Spray Drying information - Niro A/S
		Information on spray drying which gives the ability to control powder form and thereby an advantage to powder producers.
		Niro spray drying dryes are designed to produce the desired properties: particle size, bulk density, moisture content, solubility, dispersibility etc.
		The transition of a melt from a soft or fluid state to a rigid or solid state by cooling is called congealing.
	www.niro.com /spray-drying.html (355 words)

	Overview of spray drying&atomization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Spray drying has become the most important method for the dehydration of fluid foods such as milk, coffee and egg powder, and is also used extensively in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
		It is a method whereby solutions or slurries are rapidly dried to particulate form by atomizing the liquid in a heated chamber.
		The typical surface temperature of a particle during the constant drying period is 45-50 °C. For this reason, it is possible to spray dry some bacterial suspensions without destroying the organisms.
	www.malvern.co.uk /ProcessEng/processes/spraydrying/overview.htm (564 words)

	news
		When spray drying corrosive or abrasive feeds using conventional spray drying technology, the high mechanical shear forces typically required in the atomization process often lead to high maintenance costs.
		Today’s advanced pulse combustion spray drying systems can reduce maintenance costs while generating powders with increased surface area and functionality, as well as a tighter particle size distribution.
		Drying and cooling occur rapidly enough to avoid oxidation and degradation.
	www.pulsedry.com /news.html (1244 words)

	European Commission - Research: Industrial technologies - Getting to grips with spray drying
		The way powder particles agglomerate during spray drying is difficult to control, yet correct consistency is essential in instant foods, detergents, pharmaceuticals, ceramic and agrochemicals.
		The difference from other spray calculations commonly available in commercial CFD packages – such as for diesel sprays – mainly concerns drying: the internal moisture distribution inside the particles has to be taken into account, since stickiness depends primarily on the drying state of the outer layer of the particles.
		EDECAD focused primarily on the food industry, because spray drying is by far the industry's major drying process, and the tool should help manufacturers control the production of complex powders, such as baby foods and ingredients for diet and sport foods, much more precisely.
	europa.eu.int /comm/research/industrial_technologies/articles/article_1294_en.html (858 words)

	PBE Article Index: Spray drying basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Spray drying is an effective way to produce a stream of dry, free-flowing, spherical particles and is suited to applications in several industries.
		Spray drying quickly dries materials by maximizing the wet feed's surface area.
		The method works by spraying [also called atomizing] a solution or slurry and mixing it with hot air [or another gas].
	www.powderbulk.com /getarticle.cfm?articleid=987 (184 words)

	K-S Rotary Atomizer for Spray Drying
		Drying, Heating, Cooling for information about our other process dryers.
		Komline-Sanderson's variable-speed rotary atomizers represent a dependable approach to atomization and spray drying.
		The atomizer converts the feed into a spray or atomized cloud of fine droplets, typically 30-50 microns in size, suitable for spray drying.
	www.komline.com /Products_Services/Thermal/Atomizer.html (622 words)

	Spraying Systems Co. - World's leading designer and manufacturer ofindustrial spray nozzles
		More than 87,000 different spray nozzles and accessories for spray cleaning, spray cooling, spray drying, spray coating, humidifying and more.
		Spray characterization, performance testing, proof-of-concept testing and prototype development in the world's most sophisticated spray laboratories.
		For more than 65 years, our sole focus has been on spray technology and helping customers improve quality and lower costs through spray system optimization.
	www.spray.com (252 words)

	Fluidized Spray Dryer, FSD - Spray drying/fluid bed drying/powder technology worldwide supplier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The feed is sprayed from the atomization nozzle mounted on top of the drying chamber into the drying air and down the spray chamber.
		Particles of higher moisture content can be handled in the drying chamber due to the resulting powdering effect overcoming the problems of powder stickiness.
		Drying can be completed at lower powder and exhaust air temperatures thus improving product quality while gaining from a higher thermal efficiency.
	www.geap.co.nz /ndk_website/NNZ/CMSDoc.nsf/WebDoc/ndkw63h7yd (172 words)

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