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	Spread Spectrum & CDMA Tutorial, Theory, Circuit Diagrams, Tools, OEM Products, Consultants, and More
		While the focus of this tutorial is on CDMA technology, it covers a broad range of general spread spectrum topics in order to form a solid foundation of understanding.
		This is a fantastic summary that covers most aspects of spread spectrum, and includes plenty of graphs and block diagrams to help in learning the technology.
		The article is appropriate for those with a technical background but unfamiliar with spread spectrum in general or CDMA in particular.
	www.newwaveinstruments.com /resources (1110 words)

	Digital Spread Spectrum (DSS) Cordless Telephone Technology
		Spread spectrum is a modulation technique originally developed for military applications as a secure means of communication unencumbered by hostile attempts to disrupt it.
		The spread spectrum signal is uniformly spread over a wide range of frequencies for transmission, allowing the signal to avoid or eliminate disruption in today’s residential airspace, which includes baby monitors, microwave ovens, garage door openers, and other cordless phones.
		Spread spectrum technology sends multiple copies of the voice signal, so that even if some of the information is corrupted, the voice signal can still be perfectly reconstructed for even clearer voice quality.
	www.conexant.com /news_events/dss_faq.html (1379 words)

	ABCs of Spread Spectrum - A Technology Introduction and Tutorial
		Applications for commercial spread spectrum range from "wireless" LAN's (computer to computer local area networks), to integrated bar code scanner/palmtop computer/radio modem devices for warehousing, to digital dispatch, to digital cellular telephone communications, to "information society" city/area/state or country wide networks for passing faxes, computer data, email, or multimedia data.
		Spread signals are intentionally made to be much wider band than the information they are carrying to make them more noise-like.
		Common spread spectrum systems are of the "direct sequence" or "frequency hopping" type, or else some combination of these two types (called a "hybrid").
	www.sss-mag.com /ss.html (2761 words)

	Howstuffworks "What is digital spread spectrum as used in cordless telephones?"
		Digital spread spectrum (DSS) technology has its roots back in World War II and has evolved into the technology of choice for the cordless phone (as well as many other sophisticated communications systems, especially in the military).
		Spread spectrum technology can be implemented in several different ways, but the most common and easiest to understand involves frequency hopping.
		Spread spectrum gives engineers a way to fit cordless phones into an existing spectrum without jamming the devices already using it.
	electronics.howstuffworks.com /question326.htm (833 words)

	Chipcenter : Tutorial on Spread Spectrum Technology
		Spread spectrum technology has blossomed from a military technology into one of the fundamental building blocks in current and next-generation wireless systems.
		Inherent security: In a spread spectrum system, a PN sequence is used to either modulate the signal in the time domain (direct sequence systems) or select the carrier frequency (frequency hopping systems).
		However, any signal is spread in the bandwidth, and after it passes through the correlator, the bandwidth signal is equal to its original bandwidth, plus the bandwidth of the local interference.
	archive.chipcenter.com /knowledge_centers/digital/features/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=9901240 (2572 words)

	Spread Spectrum Basic Summary
		They are spread beyond the desired information bandwidth by the second multiplication process (in the receiver) and then removed by filtering.
		Spread spectrum signals attempt to produce a very uniform (flat) power density with no coherent peaks by using pseudo-random code sequences.
		he most difficult part of designing a spread spectrum radio is to ensure fast reliable and synchronization in the receiver.
	www.airlinx.com /index.cfm/id/10-33.htm (868 words)

	Lectrosonics-Spread Spectrum Technology
		Spread spectrum was originally developed by the military to improve the security of sensitive radio communications.
		Anyone using a spread spectrum RF device that meets the necessary technical requirements and which has been pre-approved by the government is free to use it at any time and in any place, without a license.
		In a spread spectrum system, however, the receivers cannot provide filtering, due to the requirement that they must be wideband designs to accept the broad RF spectrum of the transmitted signal.
	www.lectrosonics.com /WPapers-Magazines/SpreadSpectrum/sstechnology.htm (5465 words)

	Spread Spectrum
		Applications for commercial spread spectrum range from "wireless" LAN's (computer to computer local area networks), to integrated bar code scanner/palmtop computer/radio modem devices for warehousing, to digital dispatch, to digital cellular telephone communications, to "information society" city/area/state or country wide networks for passing faxes, computer data, email, or multimedia data.
		Spread signals are intentionally made to be much wider band than the information they are carrying to make them more noise-like.
		Common spread spectrum systems are of the "direct sequence" or "frequency hopping" type, or else some combination of these two types (called a "hybrid").
	www.spectrum-analyzer.info /SpreadSpectrum.aspx (2626 words)

	Spread Spectrum Scene Online: An Extraordinary RF and Wireless Gateway
		We're sure you'll agree that we are a terrific resource for working RF engineers, engineering students, and interested lay-people who just want to know a bit more about the current wireless explosion.
		Spread Spectrum Scene Online is managed by Pegasus Technologies, Inc. We are a small design house located in East Tennessee.
		We do custom RF / wireless design work and also offer a variety of Rf modules that can be incorporated into your designs.
	sss-mag.com (0 words)

	Media Alliance - SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNOLOGY COULD ENABLE BROADCASTING "PUBLIC COMMONS". by Lisa Sousa.
		In contrast, spread spectrum technology treats the broadcast spectrum more like a shared commons than private property that can be bought and sold.
		Shifting to spread spectrum technology would prove that the scarcity of spectrum is just a myth and would make the billion-dollar licenses worthless.
		Wireless technology uses the electromagnetic spectrum (the range of electromagnetic radiation from the highest frequency to the lowest--that is, radio waves to gamma rays) to send information over invisible "airwaves." Wireless communications technology uses the fairly low radio frequency part of the spectrum--this is, the part used for cell phones, broadcasting, and satellite transmissions.
	www.media-alliance.org /article.php?story=200311081634117 (884 words)

	Wiley::Spread Spectrum and CDMA: Principles and Applications
		Spread spectrum and CDMA are cutting-edge technologies widely used in operational radar, navigation and telecommunication systems and play a pivotal role in the development of the forthcoming generations of systems and networks.
		This comprehensive resource presents the spread spectrum concept as a product of the advancements in wireless IT, shows how and when the classical problems of signal transmission/processing stimulate the application of spread spectrum, and clarifies the advantages of spread spectrum philosophy.
		This valuable text provides timely guidance on the current status and future potential of spread spectrum and CDMA and is an invaluable resource for senior undergraduates and postgraduate students, lecturers and practising engineers and researchers involved in the deployment and development of spread spectrum and CDMA technology.
	www.wiley.com /WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470091797.html (363 words)

	TAPR Spread Spectrum
		In 1980, the FCC expressed a desire to extend spread spectrum communications outside of the military-only realm and allow radio amateurs to experiment with spread spectrum communications.
		TAPR Statement on Spread Spectrum "TAPR believes that the technical facts support our conviction that conventional and spread spectrum systems can coexist without detriment to conventional systems on all frequencies from MF to EHF.
		VK2TDS SS Thesis This thesis report looks at the interaction between spread spectrum technologies and the equally as new packet radio technologies.
	www.tapr.org /spread_spectrum.html (518 words)

	CommsDesign - Tutorial on Spread Spectrum Technology
		Spread spectrum technology has blossomed from a military technology into one of the fundamental building blocks in current and next-generation wireless systems.
		Spread spectrum uses wideband, noise-like signals that are hard to detect, intercept, or demodulate.
		However, any signal is spread in the bandwidth, and after it passes through the correlator, the bandwidth signal is equal to its original bandwidth, plus the bandwidth of the local interference.
	www.commsdesign.com /design_corner/OEG20030506S0029 (5212 words)

	Spread Spectrum Technology (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this section, the operation of spread spectrum radio technology is presented, performance differences between spread spectrum and conventional radios, regulatory implications, and applications are discussed.
		Spread spectrum is a technique that takes a narrow band signal and spreads it over a broader portion of the radio frequency band.
		Spread Spectrum data radios offer the opportunity to have multiple channels which can be dynamically changed through software.
	www.kmj.com /proxim/pxhist.html (557 words)

	Chirp spread spectrum signal multiple access apparatus - Patent 6252882
		This invention relates to a chirp spread spectrum signal multiple access apparatus in which a signal multiple access is carried out by offsetting a plurality of signals in view of time under application a chirp signal as a spread spectrum code.
		This chirp spread spectrum signal multiple access apparatus is comprised of a transmission device and a receiving device for performing a signal multiple access processing under application of the spread spectrum.
		Accordingly, an application of this chirp spread spectrum signal multiple access apparatus becomes quite effective in such a field as one in which a small-sized light weight application or low power consumption device is most importantly taken as found in a portable terminal or the like.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6252882.html (3214 words)

	An Introduction to Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Communications - Maxim/Dallas
		The term "spread spectrum" refers to the expansion of signal bandwidth, by several orders of magnitude in some cases, which occurs when a key is attached to the communication channel.
		The formal definition of SS is more precise: Spread spectrum is an RF communications system in which the baseband signal bandwidth is intentionally spread over a larger bandwith by injecting a higher-frequency signal.
		Spreading results directly in the use of a wider frequency band (by a factor corresponding exactly to the "processing gain" mentioned earlier), so it doesn't spare the limited frequency resource.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/1890 (2487 words)

	Framing Open Spectrum
		Spectrum is not only a finite resource, it is a scarce resource, at least according to this metaphor.
		Spectrum thus took on the practical characteristics of property: something of value to which someone, by legal right, has exclusive access.
		Spectrum can be architected the same way: as an information transport utilized by “smart devices” such as adaptive and software-defined radios.
	www.greaterdemocracy.org /framing_openspectrum.html (2656 words)

	Ecliptek Tech Talk - EPS™ Series Spread Spectrum Oscillators FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A spread spectrum crystal clock oscillator is an oscillator that has the output frequency intentionally modulated in order to reduce the EMI on the output signal.
		Spread spectrum crystal clock oscillators are best used in applications that require a reduction of EMI emissions in order to pass the FCC EMI regulations.
		The goal of a spread spectrum oscillator is to spread the EMI energy evenly over the frequency modulation width, so as to eliminate any peaks or troughs.
	www.ecliptek.com /tech/faq_ss.html (4792 words)

	Amateur Spread Spectrum
		Spread spectrum is a technique to reduce the power density of a radio transmission by spreading its signal over a wide band of frequencies, at least 10 times the information rate and usually much higher.
		As the receiving system must despread the spread spectrum signal just the opposite from how it was originally spread and in exact synchronization, there is the added advantage of rejection of interference or jamming and immunity from frequency-selective fading.
		Spread spectrum information also is found in the AMRAD Newsletter mailed to members.
	www.amrad.org /projects/ss (449 words)

	Open Spectrum FAQ
		If 'shared', then access to the spectrum is shared by many users, who are either given a license, or who use equipment to access that spectrum which has been certified by the FCC.
		No. Unlicensed spectrum refers to spectrum for which the FCC doesn't issue a specific license to a user, but instead certifies equipment that may be used in a segment of spectrum designated for shared use.
		But Open Spectrum would solve this problem in a single blow without facing the probability that it will be obsolete in a few years.
	www.greaterdemocracy.org /OpenSpectrumFAQ.html (2783 words)

	SPREAD SPECTRUM:
		Spread spectrum technology, however, has changed these assumptions by allowing multiple signals to be transmitted over wide ranges of spectrum without resulting in interference from other signals transmitted over the same frequencies.
		For example, spread spectrum techniques may be used in areas such as wireless communications where the last mile of fiber to the home maybe a significant investment for rural locations.
		Spectrum slices of predetermined size were allocated to broadcasters in an area with the goal of preventing interference.
	www.swiss.ai.mit.edu /6095/student-papers/fall98-papers/spectrum/whitepaper.html (19694 words)

	Americom Inc.'s FAQ about Digital Spread Spectrum
		Spread Spectrum has much greater immunity to interference and noise compared to conventional radio transmission techniques.
		Further, Spread Spectrum signals are harder to jam (interfere with) than narrow band signals.
		Spread Spectrum signals are intentionally made to be a much wider band than the information they are carrying to make them more noise-like.
	www.americominc.net /faq/spreadspectrum.htm (568 words)

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