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	Eastern Zhou History, China Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period & Warring States Period
		The Spring and Autumn period began when the capital was moved to Luoyi in 770 BC and named after the Spring and Autumn Annals written by Confucius.
		The period was one of turbulence and great changes took place in the economy, politics, military affairs and culture.
		According to recorded history, during the Spring and Autumn Period, there were over 480 wars, 52 vassal states were vanquished, and 36 kings were killed.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/zhou/eastern (877 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Warring States Period (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As with the Spring and Autumn Period, the king of Zhou acted merely as a figurehead.
		The Warring States Period, in contrast to the Spring and Autumn Period, was a period when regional warlords annexed smaller states around them and consolidated their rule.
		The Spring and Autumn Period (Chinese: ; Pinyin:) was a period in Chinese history, which roughly corresponds to the first half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty (from the second half of the 8th century BC to the first half of the 5th century).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Warring-States-Period (3528 words)

	China: One Hundred Treasures Exhibition on Asianart.com
		The early stage was equal to the Xia period (2Ist -16th century BCE), the middle stage was from the Shang dynasty to the early period of Western Zhou (16th -10th century BCE), while the later stage extended from the later period of the Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn period (9th-5th century BCE).
		From the later period of the Shang dynasty to the early Western Zhou period, China's Bronze Age reached its peak, as casting techniques were perfected.
		From the Spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period, regional characteristics were reflected by the script.
	www.asianart.com /israel/intro.html (2218 words)

	256 B.C.E. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Society in the eastern Zhou was organized around nuclear families and stressed worship of ancestors, but warfare in the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period brought about a decline of the older feudal order.
		By the Spring and Autumn period, the stress on lineage overcame the elite's earlier aristocratic roots.
		Cities in the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period became not only administrative centers, but industrial and commercial centers as well.
	www.bartleby.com /67/140.html (595 words)

	Spring and Autumn Period
		The Spring and Autumn Period (ch 春秋時代 pinyin Chūnqiū Shídài) represented an era in Chinese history between 722 BC and 481 BC.
		The fall of the capital of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Hao, marks the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period.
		The Warring States Period officially started in 403 BC when the three remaining elite families in Jin - Zhao, Wei and Han - partitioned the state; the impotent Zhou court was forced to recognized their authority.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/s/sp/spring_and_autumn_period.html (1218 words)

	Spring and Autumn Period
		The Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC) refers to the period covered by Confucius' book The Spring and Autumn Annals, which recorded history from 722 to 48BC.
		The Spring and Autumn Period was a time of turbulence and transition in Chinese history, with the decline of the patriarchal clan system, enfeoffment system and traditional cultural pattern of the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th
		During the annexation of the vassal states, Duke Huan of the Qi, Duke Wen of the Jin, Duke Mu of the Qin, Duke Xiang of the Song and Duke Chu of the Zhuang, known as the Five Overlords of the Spring and Autumn Period, had, in turn, emerged as the supreme powers of the states.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22709.htm (328 words)

	Chinese history:Spring & Autumn Period(722 - 481 BC) /Warring States Period (403 - 221 BC)
		After the capital was sacked by barbarians from the west, the Zhou moved east, thus neatly dividing the Zhou dynasty into eastern and western periods.
		The so-called Spring and Autumn period, named after a book (The Spring and Autumn Annals) that provides a history of period saw a proliferation of new ideas and philosophies.
		In fact, many of the same tactics that the Legalists approved of were later employed by Hitler, Stalin, and Mao.
	www.chinavoc.com /history/springandautumn.htm (516 words)

	Warring States Period - Jongo Knows - Encyclopedia of China (Site not responding. Last check: )
		And this is covered from a period, sometime in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Qin in 221 BC.
		This period is nominally considered to be the second part of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, following the Spring and Autumn Period, although the Zhou dynasty itself ended in 256 BC, 35 years earlier than the Warring States period.
		The Warring States Period, in contrast to the spring and autumn period, was a period when regional warlords annexed smaller states around them and consolidated their rule.
	knows.jongo.com /res/article/16443 (572 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: History :: Ancient Chinese History :: Comprehensive
		The Easter Zhou is divided into two sub- periods: The Spring and Autumn Period (770 BCE- 403 BCE) and the Warring States Period (403 BCE- 221 BCE), which are collectively referred to as 'China's Golden Age'.
		In the Eastern Zhou period, real power lay with the larger states, although the Zhou kings continued as nominal overlords, partly because they were recognized as custodians of the Mandate of Heaven, but also because no single feudal state was strong enough to dominate the others.
		During this period the process of sinicization accelerated among the non-Chinese arrivals in the north and among the aboriginal tribesmen in the south.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/01his/c01s03.html (5704 words)

	Chinese History - Zhou Dynasty å‘¨ event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The end of the period came, when the few states taking over the de facto rule of old China, disintegrated by intern quarrels and gave up their decade-long politics of (almost) peaceful coexistence during the middle of the 5th century BC.
		The Warring States Period began with the brutal extinguishing of the ruling house of Qi é½ (the Jiang å§ clan) by the house of Tian ç”°.
		During the Spring and Autumn period, the kings of Zhou were still consulted in important matters and often sanctified decisice changes in the power structure within the feudal states.
	www.chinaknowledge.org /History/Zhou/zhou-event.html (6248 words)

	Chinese History - Zhou Dynasty å‘¨ event history (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The end of the period came, when the few states taking over the de facto rule of old China, disintegrated by intern quarrels and gave up their decade-long politics of (almost) peaceful coexistence during the middle of the 5th century BC.
		The Warring States Period began with the brutal extinguishing of the ruling house of Qi é½ (the Jiang å§ clan) by the house of Tian ç”°.
		During the Spring and Autumn period, the kings of Zhou were still consulted in important matters and often sanctified decisice changes in the power structure within the feudal states.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Zhou/zhou-event.html (6248 words)

	Romance of Three Kingdoms - by Luo Guanzhong - Terms
		-Shen Sheng and Chong Er Shen Sheng was the eldest son of Duke Xiao of Jin in the Spring and Autumn period.
		During the Spring and Autumn period, under the leadership of Duke Wen and his successors, Jin grew into a very large state, which broke into three states in the Warring States period.
		A general of Wu in the Spring and Autumn period, Sun Zi made her the mightiest state during his lifetime by defeating Chu and conquering Yue.
	www.xiulong.it /rotk/terms.htm (5092 words)

	Zhou Dynasty - Ancient China (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This was a period of constant conflict and warfare between the feudal lords, resulting in a gradual loss of power by the ruling family.
		The Warring States period of the Zhou dynasty is aptly named due to the ongoing battles among the states of China from 475 B.C. to 221 B.C. The feudal lords of the Warring States continued to take advantage of the weakened Eastern Zhou after its earlier defeat by the barbarians.
		The time period of the Warring States, often referred to as the One Hundred Schools period, was a classical age showing remarkable advances in culture and philosophy.
	www.ancient-china.net /articles/zhou-dynasty (657 words)

	The Origins of Chinese Civilization
		Spring and Autumn Period (722 - 481 BC)
		After the capital was sacked by barbarians from the west, the Zhou moved east, thus neatly dividing the Zhou dynasty into eastern and western periods.
		The so-called Spring and Autumn period, named after a book (The Spring and Autumn Annals) that provides a history of period saw a proliferation of new ideas and philosophies.
	condensedchina.com /china1.html (867 words)

	Evolution of Bronzeware in Ancient China
		Ritual bronzeware from this period was thin-walled and cast by a clay piece-mould technique that was already developed.
		During this period the bronze used in rituals (originally drinking vessels), changed.
		In the early Spring and Autumn Period, bronze shapes and motifs continued the traditions of the middle and late Western Zhou period.
	www.china.org.cn /english/culture/111014.htm (548 words)

	Highlights of Chinese Culture and History
		Every spring and autumn, the Son of Heaven of Zhou would assign and dispatch some officials to collect poems from the feudal states, and have them set to music by court musicians before they were presented him.
		Folk songs, which were popular among the people, made up the best part of The Book of Songs, while ceremonial songs and sacrificial songs were used mainly on sacrificial or ceremonial occasions to eulogize the merits and virtues of the Son of Heaven and of his forefathers.
		The Book of Songs has over a long period of time been highly appreciated, and has exerted a profound and far-reaching influence on the development of Chinese literature, especially that of poetry, over a period of more than 2,000 years.
	www.chinatown-online.com /cultureeye/highlights/book.htm (855 words)

	Geography of Wu Family (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During Spring and Autumn and Three Kingdom era, it belonged to Wu Kingdom, so it was also known as Wu.
		This was part of the Wu and Yue territory during the Spring and Autumn period.
		During the Spring and Autumn period, this province belong to Wu and Zhu.
	www.wushuboy.com /newwushu/geo.htm (652 words)

	Periodization \| Warring States
		It is conventionally given that "Warring States" follows the "Spring and Autumn," a period named for the court chronicle of Lu, whose first entry is for 0722.
		The people of the period felt themselves to be living not under the Jou, but in a political vacuum, a vacuum which the rulers of the larger states aspired to fill, and which the theorists of the time either lamented or attempted to explain away.
		One meaningful shift occurring during this larger period is the transition from the old palace culture to the new bureaucratic culture.
	www.umass.edu /wsp/results/periodization/warring.html (1031 words)

	A SIMPLIFIED HISTORY OF CHINA
		The term Spring and Autumn Period comes from a history by Confucius which documented the period when a multitude of mini-states fought with each other on an on-going basis, although the battles were typically short and the armies involved typically small.
		The annexation of territory which occurred during the Spring and Autumn period culminated in the consolidation of power into the hands of seven states, leading to the Warring States Period.
		During this interim period Buddhism entered China, spreading with a missionary zeal to the point where 90% of the population of northern China was Buddhist.
	www.benbest.com /history/China.html (2773 words)

	AAS 2001 \| A Taeko Brooks: The Integrity of the Chun/Chyou
		The Spring and Autumn period is of interest in its own right, and it is also of great importance for Chinese historiography at large.
		No evidence from the Spring and Autumn period attests such a ba system, but that concept played a very important role in the political theory debates which were current at about the time the DJ was compiled.
		The implication is that Chinese and non-Chinese habitations interpenetrated in the Spring and Autumn period.
	www.umass.edu /wsp/conferences/aas/2001/historiography/integrity.html (1315 words)

	China - From Bronze to Iron
		Under the Zhou Dynasty came the period known as the “Spring and Autumn Period”, spanning from 722 to 480 BC and the name was taken from the Spring and Autumn Annals.
		One of the most significant features of the 300 odd years of the “Spring and Autumn Period” (722 BC and 480 BC) is the emergence of a number of extremely influential men within a very confined area.
		It was a period where “A hundred schools of thought” flourished and these three centuries could perhaps be considered as the most prolific and fundamental period of what is known as Ancient China, and its legacy to subsequent Chinese history.
	www.arscives.com /historysteel/bronzetosteel.htm (1595 words)

	WHKMLA : History of China, Spring and Autumn Period, 770-476 B.C.
		476 - 206 B.C. Spring and Autumn, from 770 to 476 B.C. In 771 the Western Chou capital of Chang'an was sacked by invaders.
		The expression Spring and Autumn Period for the earlier half of Eastern Chou (770-476) derives from a famous novel.
		During the Spring and Autumn Period, the central power lost authority at the expanse of regional vassals, and China slowly disintegrated into numerous regional states.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/china/springautumn.html (302 words)

	CHRONOLOGY - ZHOU DYNASTY
		In the 11th century B.C. King Wu of the Zhou took advantage of the favourable opportunity presented by the absence of the Shang kings main military force, which was in the southeast attacking the Yi people.
		The first, from 770 to 476 B.C., is called the Spring and Autumn Period, after a famous historical chronicle of the time; the second is known as the Warring States Period (475-221 B.C.).
		The Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, though marked by disunity and civil strife, witnessed an unprecedented era of cultural prosperity - the "golden age" of China.
	www.gotheborg.com /chronology/zhou.shtml (2013 words)

	August 28 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Our agenda in class on Monday is to begin to explore the master narrative of the Spring and Autumn period (771-453; today's reading takes us down to about 625).
		First, I'll briefly drill you on the political landscape of the early Classical period of fragmentation -- most centrally on the array of the four great powers which emerged to prominence by the middle of the seventh century: Jin, Qi, Chu, and Qin.
		Almost all of the features of the early Spring and Autumn period "master narrative" can be glimpsed in the tales of these two figures.
	www.indiana.edu /~g380/9-13-04.html (205 words)

	Introduction to the Zhou Dynasty and the Age of Confucius
		The Eastern Zhou period was one of political fragmentation with the power of the Zhou in decline; it is divided by historians into two sub-periods knows as the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BCE), named after an historical chronicle kept during the period, and the Warring States Period (475-221 BCE).
		Confucius was alive at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and argued for a restoration of the social and political order of the earlier Western Zhou period.
		Essential components of Chinese civilization that are evident in the Zhou period include the Chinese notion of the ruler as the "Son of Heaven" who rules with the Mandate of Heaven.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/eacp/japanworks/webcourse/key_points/kp_2.htm (624 words)

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