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Topic: Spruce Grouse

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	Game Bird Program - Spruce Grouse
		Spruce Grouse (Dendragapus canadensis) are a native gallinaceous species found in the northeastern portion of Oregon.
		Spruce Grouse are listed as "Sensitive" by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and has been protected for more than 40 years.
		Spruce Grouse have been harvested incidentally to other forest grouse in northeastern Oregon and have been represented in collections of wings and tails for "Grouse Wing-Bees" since 1985.
	fw.oregonstate.edu /gamebird/html/spruce.htm (350 words)

	ESPN Outdoors - Spruce grouse, the fool's hen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Spruce grouse are the archetype "fool hen," a term oft-applied to any forest grouse species in the West not a ruffed.
		Spruce grouse are a bird of the north wilderness, making a home in bogs and tangled swamps near the tundra, and the dark and moist spruce forests.
		Spruce grouse are truly a wilderness bird, and in terms of their conservation status, they are secure.
	sports.espn.go.com /outdoors/conservation/columns/story?columnist=springer_craig&page=c_col_Springer_spruce_grouse (827 words)

	Grouse: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		In Interior and Southcentral Alaska, the brown-tipped tail distinguishes the spruce grouse from the ruffed and sharp-tailed grouse.
		Sharp-tailed grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) are found in the Yukon River Valley from Canada to Holy Cross, and in the valleys of the Upper Koyukuk, Upper Kuskokwim, Tanana, and Upper Copper rivers.
		One of the more rewarding and sporting means of hunting blue grouse is to stalk “hooting” males in April and May. Spruce grouse hunters generally try to be out on the clear frosty mornings of September and October, when birds are seeking grit at locations where bare soil or gravel is exposed.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/bird/grouse.php (1443 words)

	New York State' Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Species Fact Sheets - Spruce Grouse
		Spruce grouse are a smaller, darker cousin of the ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus).
		Spruce grouse range across northern North America in the area generally congruent with the coniferous boreal forests.
		The goal of this team is to ensure the long term survival of viable populations of spruce grouse and their associated boreal forest community in New York.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dfwmr/wildlife/endspec/spgrfs.html (752 words)

	Spruce Grouse
		The Spruce Grouse is confined to the boreal conifer forest with a range extending across North America from Alaska to Labrador.
		In the eastern parts of their range they are primarily associated with spruce and balsam fir forests, while in the Rocky Mountains lodgepole pine is an important source and may comprise 100 percent of the winter diet.
		Spruce Grouse are generally sedentary, with some populations shifting slightly between summer and winter territories.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /spruce_grouse_info.htm (512 words)

	Spruce Grouse (Canachites canadensis) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This grouse lives in young, middle aged to mature Michigan jack pine forests, as well as dense spruce, fir, cedar, and tamarack swamps, in the Lower and Upper peninsulas.
		Spruce grouse walk with jerky heads and a stiff legged gait, as if planting each foot with purpose as they strut among the duff on the forest floor.
		Spruce grouse are sometimes mistaken for ruffed grouse.
	www.michigan.gov /dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12145_12202-60321--,00.html (405 words)

	spruce
		Spruce grouse are widespread and still fairly common throughout most of their original range.
		Spruce grouse in the temperate rainforest of southeast Alaska appear to be living in isolated and scattered low-density populations.
		In some locations where spruce grouse appear to be threatened by advancing forest exploitation, protected areas may be important for the long-term survival of highly isolated and scattered low-density populations; e.g.
	www.gct.org.uk /gsg/grousesp/SPRUCE.HTM (1009 words)

	Young Naturalists: Grouse: Minnesota Conservation Volunteer: Minnesota DNR
		The ruffed grouse is nearly invisible to predators, thanks to its feathers in shades of gray and brown with small splashes of fl and white.
		The spruce grouse was common in Minnesota as late as 1880, but it almost disappeared as the forest was cut for logs and pulpwood.
		The sharp-tailed grouse (Tymanuchus phasianellus) is a bird of brushlands.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /young_naturalists/grouse/index.html (1096 words)

	All About Birds
		A bird of coniferous forests, the Spruce Grouse inhabits much of Canada and portions of the northern United States.
		Spruce Grouse have historically inhabited forests showing a fire-related patchwork of various stages of regeneration; timber harvesting can produce similar patterns, but only if clear-cut areas are small and if sufficient quantities of optimal habitat are preserved.
		The Spruce Grouse's crop can store up to ten percent of the bird's body weight in food, to be digested at night.
	www.birds.cornell.edu /programs/AllAboutBirds/BirdGuide/Spruce_Grouse.html (304 words)

	Spruce Grouse When hunters talk about spruce grouse
		Found mainly in the northern states, most of Canada and mountainous areas of the West, spruce grouse are birds of climax coniferous forests sprinkled with a few deciduous trees, primarily alder, aspen and birch.
		Because spruce grouse are apt to sit tight, a hunter without a dog may walk past a lot of them, even if he uses the walk-and-pause technique.
		The guns and ammunition used for spruce grouse are identical to those used for ruffed grouse, and the same snap-shooting skills are required.
	www.hunting101.com /smallgame/northamerica/grouse/sprucegrouse.htm (500 words)

	Spruce Grouse: Nature Snapshots from Minnesota DNR: Minnesota DNR
		Spruce grouse mate in April or May. Hens nest on the ground where they lay as many as 12 eggs that hatch in 24 days.
		TSpruce grouse live in the birch and evergreen (coniferous) forests of extreme northern Minnesota, generally from Duluth northwest to the northwestern corner of the state.
		The spruce grouse population is small when compared to the ruffed grouse.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /snapshots/birds/sprucegrouse.html (322 words)

	NPWRC :: Grouse
		Despite the presence of suitable spruce habitats in Pine County, this species is not known south of central St. Louis County in Minnesota (Green and Janssen 1975).
		In the Western Upland and areas of the Central Plain adjacent to the St. Croix River, nesting ruffed grouse are associated with medium-aged oak forests and woodlots.
		At the grouse management area in Douglas County, small patches of jack pine are commonly interspersed with grasslands.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/birds/stcroix/tetraoni.htm (856 words)

	Spruce Grouse
		Spruce Grouse prefer coniferous and mixed wood forests, forest edges and openings, as well as older burnt lands and blueberry barrens.
		The principle predators of the Spruce Grouse are the lynx, fox and some large birds of prey, particularly the goshawk.
		Spruce Grouse are sometimes referred to as "Fool Hens", often preferring to remain motionless and rely on their camoflauge to avoid predators rather than fleeing.
	www.env.gov.nl.ca /SNP/Animals/spruce_grouse.htm (242 words)

	Upland Game Birds
		The sage grouse is a native of the sagebrush areas of central and southeastern Oregon and is not found west of the cascades.
		Spruce grouse are similar to blue grouse in their migratory patterns.
		Spruce grouse also look similar to blue grouse except that they are fl on the underside.
	www.dfw.state.or.us /springfield/upland.html (2727 words)

	Spruce Grouse Habitat Model
		Hedberg and May (1981) found that spruce grouse used "lowland softwoods" more frequently and upland softwoods less frequently than would be expected, in a study in eastern Maine at low elevations.
		We noted that all New Hampshire BBA blocks occupied by spruce grouse had some coniferous vegetation at 500 m or higher elevation, and so this was used as the threshold elevation for the first type.
		Bouta, R.P. Population status, historical decline and habitat relationships of spruce grouse in the Adirondacks of New York.
	www.fws.gov /r5gomp/gom/habitatstudy/metadata2/spruce_grouse_model.htm (950 words)

	BirdWeb - Bird Details
		The Spruce Grouse is a medium-sized, stocky, chicken-like bird with a short neck and a short tail.
		Spruce Grouse feed on the ground in the summer and in trees in the winter.
		Spruce Grouse are uncommon in northern Washington east of the Cascade crest.
	www.birdweb.org /birdweb/bird_details.aspx?id=120 (501 words)

	Grouse: Tracking Down Answers Spruce Grouse and Hooters
		Southeast is home to blue grouse (commonly called hooters), as well as ruffed and spruce grouse, and willow, rock and white-tailed ptarmigan.
		Spruce grouse occur in Interior Alaska, and in Southeast, spruce grouse are thought to occur on several islands.
		Blue grouse average about 2 ½ pounds – twice the size of spruce grouse – but the two species can be difficult to tell apart, particularly the females.
	www.wildlifenews.alaska.gov /index.cfm?adfg=wildlife_news.view_article&articles_id=142 (955 words)

	Grouse: Separate Subspecies in Southeast? POW Grouse Unusual for Coast
		Spruce grouse favor the boreal forests of Alaska and Canada, and those on Prince of Wales Island represent an unusual population inhabiting a coastal rainforest.
		Spruce grouse are not generally thought of as a coastal rainforest species, they’re not even associated with it,” said biologist Amy Lee Russell.
		“Spruce grouse are found in just a small area of southeast Alaska, on Prince of Wales and a few of the outer islands, and they’re absent from areas to the east, north and south,” Russell said.
	www.wildlifenews.alaska.gov /index.cfm?adfg=wildlife_news.view_article&articles_id=143 (722 words)

	Spruce Grouse - Discover The Outdoors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Spruce grouse adults average a pound and a quarter to a pound and a half in weight.
		Spruce grouse are not picky eaters, in the warmer months, it feeds on insects, and berries while the cold, winter days find it dining on fir and spruce foliage.
		These grouse are yearlong residents of their range and require the conifer needles for food and the low branches for cover during the time of the year it is breeding.
	www.dto.com /hunting/species/generalprofile.jsp?speciesid=254 (600 words)

	Whitefish Point Bird Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Spruce Grouse is a member of the grouse family (Tetraonidae), which includes ten species in North America and seven species in Eurasia.
		The spruce Grouse is a bird of the northern forests.
		In summer, Spruce Grouse feed on a variety of plant materials, with the young birds obtaining their needed protein from eating insects.
	www.wpbo.org /featured/sprgro (524 words)

	Denali Alaska : Denali Foundation : Wilderness Education, Elder Hostels & Youth Education
		Spruce grouse, (Chanachites canadensis), often known as spruce hens or spruce chickens, are forest dwellers, and they occur throughout Alaska.
		The grouse is a tasty meal when it is still feeding on a variety of flowers, green leaves and berries, particularly blueberries and lowbush cranberries.
		And, unlike chickens, spruce grouse have all dark meat, due to the concentration of blood vessels in their muscles.
	www.denali.org /docdisplay.cfm?docID=93 (546 words)

	Gray's Sporting Journal \| Expeditions: Grouse Without End A-Men
		You cannot (with minor exceptions) raise grouse and release them to be hunted and shot under controlled conditions—not the red grouse of Scotland, which lives unrepentantly wild and once sparked an emergency debate in the British House of Commons over the state of the grouse moors.
		Grouse season here is long in terms of days, running from September to December, but it is sandwiched between the departure of the leaves and the arrival of the moose hunters, who are followed quickly by the snow, which shuts things down for good.
		Spruce grouse, found in the deepest woods, are handsome creatures, well groomed with impeccable manners, unlike the ruffian ruffs which, if they were human, would be outlaw bikers.
	grayssportingjournal.com /stories/0804/exped_grousewithout.shtml (3018 words)

	Spruce Grouse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Spruce Grouse, Falcipennis canadensis, is a medium-sized grouse.
		Adults have a long square fl tail, brown at the end.
		It also occurs in spruce forests in the United States northern border states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spruce_Grouse (227 words)

	Nearctica - Biomes - Northern Boreal Forest - Birds - Spruce Grouse
		The Spruce Grouse lives throughout the Northern Boreal Forest and extends its range into the mountain forests of the Pacific Northwest.
		The Blue Grouse is found in the mountainous regions of Canada and the United States and the two species sometimes occur together.
		Habitat: The Spruce Grouse is found in coniferous forest, particularly those with a mixture of spruce and Jack Pine.
	www.nearctica.com /biomes/boreal/bbird/grouse.htm (258 words)

	Wild Newfoundland Photography, Meet the Spruce Grouse
		As soon as the ponds are open for trouting in the spring and the lure of the woods is greatest in the hearts of winterworn residents, these birds are equally enraptured with the ceremony of mating.
		Traditional stomping grounds are revisited year after year by generations of grouse each in turn flying madly about the perimeter of a sacred territory and parading on the ground, challenging all comers, with or without feathers in defence of a soon to nest hen.
		The parading and fanning of feathers of the male spruce grouse is reminiscent of ancient native tribal dances and their darkened speckled plumage is worthy of serious photography.
	wildnewfoundland.com /grouse.htm (656 words)

	Spruce Grouse Range Map
		The Spruce Grouse is a year-round resident from northern Alaska to northern Quebec, Labrador, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia south to south-coastal and southeastern Alaska, northern Oregon, southeastern Idaho, northwestern Wyoming, western Montana and southeastern Alberta to northern Minnesota east to northern Vermont, northern New Hampshire and eastern Maine.
		The Spruce Grouse inhabits short-needled coniferous forests, especially where living branches reach the ground and where there are numerous, scattered forest openings of a few hundred square feet.
		The Spruce Grouse generally prefers a mixture of jack pine or lodgepole pine and spruce and sparse ground cover.
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /spruce_grouse_map.htm (145 words)

	Hunting: Game Bird Special Projects: Sharped-tailed Grouse - Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
		Spruce grouse (Falcipennis canadensis) are a native species found in the forests of northeastern Oregon.
		In Oregon, spruce grouse are known to occur in the Wallowa Mountains and Snake River divide.
		Little is known about the spruce grouse populations or the particular features of the habitat they occupy in Oregon.
	www.dfw.state.or.us /resources/hunting/upland_bird/projects/spruce-grouse.asp (313 words)

	NatureWorks - Spruce Grouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The spruce grouse is thirteen inches in length and looks a little like a chicken.
		The spruce grouse can be found in most parts of Canada, except for the extreme north.
		Most of the spruce grouse's diet is made up of the needles and buds of evergreens.
	www.nhptv.org /natureworks/sprucegrouse.htm (220 words)

	National Park Service: Fauna3 (Birds)
		In Mount McKinley Park, we found the Alaska spruce grouse was rare and restricted to the heaviest stands of spruce timber along the extreme northern boundary of the park.
		All of these grouse sought shelter by perching well up in the trees under thick overhanging branches close to the main trunk where they were well hidden and extremely difficult to see.
		From our observations and from data we have obtained, it seems that the periodic cycle of abundance in the spruce grouse occurs a season or two ahead of the peak of abundance in the willow ptarmigan.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/fauna3/fauna9e.htm (3317 words)

	Spruce Grouse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Spruce Grouse (Falcipennis canadensis) is a stocky, medium-sized bird (13 inches), similar to a chicken.
		The male bird is overall grownish gray streaked with fl and white, with a fl throat and white border, fl breast barred with white and a red comb above the eye.
		During the winter Spruce Grouse feed on spruce needles.
	aviary.owls.com /spruce_grouse/grouse.html (176 words)

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