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Topic: Spruce gum

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	Chewing gum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Around 1850 a gum made from paraffin wax was developed and soon exceeded the spruce gum in popularity.
		Gum comes in a variety of flavors, depending on location and is most often chewed for the flavor.
		The gum base is melted at a temperature of about 115 °C, until it has the viscosity of thick maple syrup, and filtered through a fine mesh screen.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chewing_gum (1004 words)

	History of chewing gum and the vending machine
		Spruce gum continued to be sold, being replaced gradually by paraffin wax gum.
		Paraffin gum unfortunately required the heat and moisture of the mouth to render it suitable for chewing, and was therefore replaced as a base of all "regular" gums by other substances.
		Also softeners, which further retain moisture in the gum to insure a flexible, resilient chew; finally, either natural or artificial flavoring, whichever is desired, and to whatever taste, is added to the gum base in the huge mixing vats, as the giant blades slowly turn.
	www.gumballs.com /history.html (2660 words)

	Red Spruce - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Red Spruce (Picea rubens) is a spruce tree native to eastern North America.
		It is closely related to Black Spruce, and hybrids between the two are frequent where their ranges meet.
		Red spruce is used for Christmas trees and is an important wood used in making paper pulp.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Red_Spruce (270 words)

	MSN Encarta - Spruce
		The genus, of the pine family, was formerly combined with a fir genus, from which it differs in having pendulous cones, persistent woody leaf-bases, and four-angled leaves, scattered and pointing in every direction.
		Spruces occur farther north than most trees, forming forests within the Arctic Circle, and extending south, especially in the mountains, as far as the Pyrenees in Europe and the Himalayas in Asia; in the United States, spruces occur as far south as North Carolina and Arizona.
		In Europe the Norway spruce is similarly distributed; the timber is valuable for fuel and for house building and is exported from Norway and Sweden for masts and spars of sailing vessels.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761560525 (376 words)

	The Story of Gum
		This natural gum comes from the latex of the Sapodilla tree and later became the main ingredient in chewing gum.
		Spruce gum continued to be sold in 19th century America until the 1850s when paraffin wax became the new popular base for chewing gum.
		By the 1900s chewing gum was manufactured in many different shapes and sizes (long pencil-shaped sticks, ball form, flat sticks and blocks) and flavors (peppermint, fruit and spearmint).
	www.nacgm.org /consumer/storyof.html (466 words)

	Página web para estudiantes de secundaria
		The color of the first successful bubble gum was pink because it was the only color the inventor had left.
		Spruce gum continued to be sold until the 1850s when paraffin wax became the new popular base for chewing gum.
		Paraffin gum unfortunately required the heat and moisture of the mouth to make it suitable for chewing, and was replaced by other substances.
	www.mujerpalabra.net /secundaria/pages/lecturas/gum.htm (613 words)

	AllRefer.com - spruce, Plant (Plants) - Encyclopedia
		Commercially, spruces are of particular value as a major source of pulpwood for the manufacture of paper.
		Spruce beer has been made from the young shoots of the red spruce and the fl spruce.
		Native Americans in the West have used spruce gum for caulking, the inner bark for food, and strips of spruce for weaving watertight mats and baskets.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/spruce.html (351 words)

	The History of Gum, pre-Wrigley :: Wrigley
		Lumps of spruce gum were sold in the eastern United States during the early 1800s, making it the first commercial chewing gum in this country.
		Modern chewing gum began in the late 1860s when chicle was brought to the United States and tried as a chewing gum ingredient.
		Gum made with chicle and similar latexes soon won favor over spruce gum and paraffin gum.
	www.wrigley.com /wrigley/about/about_story_gum.asp (274 words)

	Cadbury Adams - History of Chewing Gum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From their dealings with the Indians they learned the pleasures of the gum-like resin that formed on a spruce tree when the bark was cut.
		Adams that chicle had been used as a chewing gum by the natives of Mexico for many years; Adams and his son had been chewing it while experimenting with the rubber blending scheme.
		But Primley made the first fruit-flavored gum and called it "Kis-Me." If a girl asked for a stick of "Kis-Me," a fellow could always claim she had said "Kiss me." And that way you could always check to see if the gum was really "Far Better Than a Kiss," Primley's slogan.
	www.cadburyadams.com /history (1960 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Old Wives' Tales (The Seven Year Glitch)
		Gum is eliminated as human waste in the same way — and at the same rate — as any other swallowed matter.
		About 15% to 30% of chewing gum is gum base, a natural or synthetic indigestible rubbery substance that makes the treat resilient to hours of jawing.
		Sorbitol and mannitol add sweetness to sugarless gum, and mannitol is often used to dust the gum, along with starch.
	www.snopes.com /oldwives/chewgum.asp (699 words)

	American Indian Contributions to the World Chewing Gum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Spruce gum was being sold by the lump in eastern United States by the early 1800s, making it the first commercial chewing gum.
		Chicle, the original basis for modern chewing gum, is the milky latex of the tropical SAPODILLA tree (Manilkara zapota van Royen) that is native to northern Brazil, Mesoamerica, and parts of Mexico.
		Although at first the gum was unflavored, it worked better than chewing paraffin which had become a popular substitute for the pine sap Indians had taught the early colonists to chew.
	www.kporterfield.com /aicttw/excerpts/gum.html (487 words)

	Chewing Gum History - Invention of Chewing Gum
		This is the resin obtained from the bark of the mastic tree, a shrub-like tree found on the island of Chios, Greece.
		In about 1850, sweetened paraffin wax became popular and eventually exceeded spruce gum in popularity.
		To remove chewing gum from hair.Try using peanut butter or vegetable oil to soften the gum.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventions/story056.htm (1133 words)

	History (from chewing gum) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		From colonial times until the mid–19th century, spruce gum was the most common chewing gum in the United States.
		Some plant gums are used in the form of water solutions in the manufacture of cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods.
		Many gums are soluble in water, swell up in water, or form a mucilage in water but do not dissolve in alcohol or ether.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-198516?tocId=198516&ct= (868 words)

	History of Chewing Gum
		In the early 1880s attempts were made to commercially market spruce gum.
		paraffin wax was developed and soon exceeded the spruce gum in popularity.
		Bubblegum is a type of chewing gum that is especially designed for blowing bubbles.
	www.edinformatics.com /inventions_inventors/chewing_gum.htm (488 words)

	History of Chewing Gum
		Chewing gum was supposed to help clean a person's teeth and freshen their breath.
		Mastic gum can still be found in the Middle East and Greece (I tasted some mastic chewing gum made in Syria, and I didn't like the flavor).
		Spruce chewing gums declined in popularity, partly due to impurities that were difficult to remove from the spruce resin.
	home.gt.rr.com /chewinggum (797 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The use of chicle in producing what we know as chewing gum was introduced by Santa Anna, the president of Mexico during parts of the 19th century (where have you heard his name before).
		Spruce gum is made from the resin (pitch) of spruce trees, which is also an isoprenoid compound.
		Resin from gymnosperms (especially pines) were much more important than chewing gum in human affairs, being used back to pre-historic times as a sealant, especially in boats.
	www.geneseo.edu /~briggs/plantfizz/bt.gum.html (205 words)

	Chewing Gum
		In the early 1800's, lumps of spruce gum were sold by stores in eastern states but chewing gum made of paraffin wax, with a pleasant flavoring added, gradually took its place.
		Company of Chicago, the largest manufacturer of chewing gum, blends chicle with the latexes from other tropical plants Jelutong, a tree in Borneo and Indonesia; leche caspi, a vine in the Amazon Valley; and, also in Brazil, the couma tree.
		A stick of chewing gum has five main kinds of ingredients: the gum base from latexes, powdered sugar, corn syrup, softeners, and flavoring.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /natbltn/600-699/nb621.htm (622 words)

	Candy USA!
		It was the first gum to be sold as a stick not in chunks, and was popular with the public.
		Chew gum until the sugar is gone to blow a bigger bubble.
		However, a large portion of the physical makeup of gum is indigestible and meant to be chewed and discarded, not swallowed.
	www.candyusa.org /Candy/gum.asp (1128 words)

	eNature: FieldGuides: Species Detail
		Spruce gum, a forerunner of modern chewing gum made from chicle (gum from a tropical American tree), was obtained commercially from resin of both Red and Black spruce trunks.
		The young leafy twigs were boiled with flavoring and sugar to prepare spruce beer.
		Where the ranges overlap, Black Spruce is distinguishable from Red by its smaller dull gray cones curved downward on short stalks and remaining attached.
	www.enature.com /fieldguide/showSpeciesRECNUM.asp?recnum=TS0031 (261 words)

	Black Spruce, Picea mariana
		Black spruce usually grows on wet organic soils, but productive stands are found on a variety of soil types from deep humus through clays, loams, sands, coarse till, boulder pavements, and shallow soil mantles over bedrock.
		Spruce Budworm causes defoliation and if it occurs several years in a row will lead to death, though Black Spruce is less susceptible than White Spruce, or Balsam Fir (Abies balsamea).
		Wildfires are frequent and extensive in Black Spruce forests and usually prevent the development of uneven-aged stands excepting in bogs and muskegs with longer fire-free intervals.
	www.rook.org /earl/bwca/nature/trees/piceamar.html (2601 words)

	Second Page
		In 1848, the first commercial chewing gum was manufactured by John B. Curtis and his brother.
		The spruce chewing gums were only popular for a short time because the impurities were difficult to remove from the spruce resin.
		By 1850, the two brothers added Paraffin gums to their product line which were the most popular.
	home.gwu.edu /~ihunter/pspage2.html (305 words)

	Spruce Chewing Gum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		People were accustomed to the spruce gum's unsweetened, woodsy taste, and their demand for it supported a thriving industry boasting nationwide distribution.
		By 1910 the spruce gum industry had been reduced to little more than a few "kitchen stove" operations with very small outputs and only scattered distribution.
		Melted spruce gum is a very sticky substance, so expect to lose up to 25% of what you started out with.
	www.motherearthnews.com /library/1981_January_February/Spruce_Chewing_Gum (1205 words)

	Building a Birchbark Canoe - gumming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Spruce gum is spread carefully over each seam, crack and hole in the bark to waterproof it.
		On the boy and stern I laid a strip of canvas soaked in gum to protect and seal the ends of the canoe.
		To gum a canoe, you heat the gum up until it is liquid, but not too runny.
	jumaka.com /birchbarkcanoe/buildingpage/gumming.htm (348 words)

	Re: How is gum made?
		I think you are asking about chewing gum but gum is also something we add to food like xanthan gum and guar gum.
		Modern chewing gum had its beginning in the late 1860s when chicle was brought to the United States and tried as a chewing gum ingredient.
		Wrigley decided that chewing gum was the product with the potential he had been looking for, so he began marketing it under his own name.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/1999-01/915833177.Ot.r.html (1511 words)

	Teaberry Gum and Clark Gum Company
		Spruce Gum Commercialized But it wasn't until 1848 that the first commercial chewing gum was manufactured.
		Spruce gums declined in popularity, partly due to impurities that were difficult to remove from the spruce resin.
		Clark also manufactured chewing gum in a building across the street from his candy factory and in 1921 the Clark Brothers Chewing Gum Company was incorporated as a separate business.
	home.swipnet.se /roland/teaberry.html (1511 words)

	The Bubble Gum Alley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The difference between bubble gum and chewing gum is that bubble gum is the original type and chewing gum comes in many flavors.
		Forty million pieces of bubble gum are chewed every day, 26,000pieces of bubble gum chewed every minute, and 444 pieces chewed every second.
		Chewing gum was ten times more popular in the mid fifties, but now it is only three times more popular.
	www.edu.pe.ca /athena/bubblegum/facts.htm (478 words)

	The Tribune - Magazine section - Windows - Did You Know... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is believed that ancient Greeks chewed mastiche — a chewing gum made from the resin of the mastic tree — while ancient Mayans chewed chicle which is the sap of the sapodilla tree.
		North American Indians chewed sap from spruce trees, whereas the early American settlers made chewing gum from spruce sap and beeswax.
		By 1888, Thomas Adams' chewing gum called Tutti-Frutti became the first to be sold in a vending machine patented by him in 1871.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2003/20031206/windows/did.htm (218 words)

	Know What? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Many of the New England area Indians chewed a substance from the center of spruce trees twigs to wet their whistles when water was scarce.
		In 1869 a patent was issued for a rubber based chewing gum but it, too, never made it to the market.
		Most gum today is made from latex rubber from the sapodilla tree of Central and South America.
	www.tfs.net /~lindabrown/000131.htm (327 words)

	Authentic Campaigner Website & Forums - Bubble Gum in the civil war
		Staples, the ‘gum man,’ who keeps some twenty hands constantly engaged in its manufacture, informs us that in the six months ending Nov. 15th, he had manufactured and sold over 35,000 boxes—each box containing 200 sticks or rolls—making a total of 7,000,000 rolls.
		The Black Jack Gum as the name was in the public in around 1845, You can still buy it on the net or as I saw in another post the Cracker Barrel.
		The earliest patent for chewing gum that I have found was #93,141(Amos Tyler) and the ingredients were white rosin and olive oil.
	www.authentic-campaigner.com /forum/showthread.php?t=7459 (2159 words)

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