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Topic: Sprue (casting)

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	Sand casting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sand casting is a means of producing rough metal castings that are further refined by any or all of hammer peening, shot peening, polishing, forging, plating, rough grinding, machine grinding or machining.
		A multi-part molding box (known as a casting flask, sometimes referred to as the cope and drag) is prepared to receive the pattern.
		The casting may be further strengthened by surface compression treatment—like shot peening—that adds resistance to tensile cracking and smoothes the rough surface.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sand_casting (1436 words)

	Hoover & Strong Articles
		Casting force beyond that of gravity feed was not a requirement because the casters simply heated the carefully-made clay molds to the same temperature as the poured metal.
		In jewelry castings, however, the mold cavity is usually filled in about one-tenth of a second (per unit on a casting tree), and the casting begins to solidify at sharp corners and edges within the first second, taking only 5 to 15 seconds for the entire unit to solidify.
		In the solidification of a casting, the heat is extracted at a rate proportional to the surface area and the amount of heat to be extracted is proportional to the volume.
	www.hooverandstrong.com /articles?id=73 (4492 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5697422 - Apparatus and method for cold chamber die-casting of metal parts with reduced porosity - ...
		The sprue 31 is supported in the movable die holder block 23 by an ejector shot patch 35, while a cover die shot patch 37 fixes the shot cylinder 27 in the fixed die half 7.
		Another problem with the prior art die casting machinery which we found inhibits intensification, is that alloy 48 in the runner solidifies adjacent to gate 47 preventing further injection of molten metal that may be remaining in the runner into the die cavity 13.
		The sprue cavity 33' can have a diameter greater than that of the shot cylinder bore 29 by an amount at least as great is the shell 63' of metal which solidifies on the sprue cavity walls during intensification.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5697422.html (3496 words)

	Casting Secrets
		Vintage arms are especially suited to cast bullets because of the variances in groove diameters.
		Casting should be done in a well-ventilated area.
		The correct-sized diameter for your cast bullet depends upon the groove diameter of your gun.
	www.victorymolds.com /castingsecrets.htm (2262 words)

	Hoover & Strong Articles
		Typically the sprue is shown connecting to the bottom center of the ring or the shank.
		If porosity happens at the sprue connection, it may be caused from sharp angled sprues or sprues that do not flare into the piece.
		Inclusions or large holes in the casting means that the investment broke down or that air bubbles were trapped in the wax pattern.
	www.hooverandstrong.com /articles?id=83 (2394 words)

	[Ganoksin] Jewelry Making - Sprues, Feed Sprues and Gates
		We say the main sprue needs to be larger than the feeds sprue and the cross sectional area of the feed sprue should be between 70 and 150% (depending on who you read) of the attachment point on the pattern and be attached to the pattern at its thickest section.
		If we cast three patterns that were 15 x 15 mm x 1, 2 and 4 mm thick respectively, Figure 8, on the same tree we could say that the casting conditions were the same for all three patterns, because the investment and the metal were the same temperature when the metal was cast.
		For a particular alloy, the casting temperature will generally be lower for thick section patterns and higher for thin section patterns, but in every case the casting temperature of the metal is strongly influenced by size, shape and attachment point of the feed sprue.
	www.ganoksin.com /borisat/nenam/wgc-sprues.htm (5064 words)

	The Lost Wax Casting process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		These sprues should be as thick as the thickest part of the model, as straight as possible (so they will not restrict the flow of metal), and no longer than necessary.
		The casting arm revolves horizontally and pushes the molten metal by centrifugal force from its crucible into the mold, holding it there until it solidifies and forms a dense casting.
		When the metal is ready to cast, remove the flask from the furnace and place it in the casting cradle with the sprue end toward the crucible carriage.
	members.aol.com /thecastingroom/castingprocess.html (2420 words)

	Investment casting, modern casting
		Step 3—once the castings have solidified (solidification time is dependent upon the metal and casting size), the vacuum is released, and the excess unsolidified metal in the sprue flows back into the furnace.
		The typical cost for the sand casting technology is based upon: a signing fee ($50,000-200,000), the cost of the counter-gravity mold handling and casting equipment ($50,000-1.25 million), and a 4% royalty based on casting sales.
		Castings Hitchiner cites as a specialization of its process are the automobile engine roller rocker arms produced by the Ferrous Div.
	www.hitchiner.com /HIMCO/moderncasting.html (3244 words)

	Lost Wax Casting
		The term "sprue" generally refers to a wax rod or series of these rods that secure the wax model to a specifically configured rubber or plastic base that is called a sprue base.
		The term, "to sprue" refers to the development of a spruing strategy as well as the act of physically attaching the sprues to the waxes and these to the sprue bases.
		Once the waxes have been securely attached to the sprue base using sprue rods, a stainless steel flask is carefully inserted inside the outer lip of the sprue base, so as to surround the waxes while still leaving, minimally, a quater inch space between the wax and the inside of the flask.
	artwork-inform.com /process1.htm (440 words)

	Foundry Work
		There were several very nice sand castings which eventually became the crankcase and timing gear cover, among other things.
		The sprue dowel is removed, the cope flipped, and the second board is carefully lifted off.
		Sand casting is incredibly flexible and can be used to produce a wide variety of parts.
	www.5bears.com /foundry.htm (874 words)

	Countergravity casting
		Unlike gravity poured parts, which must be cut away from the central sprue, there is no need to leave room for the cut-off blade in the design of a CLA casting cluster.
		The CLA process provides the ability to cast sections as thin as.015 of an inch; allows the control of grain size; and, since the sprue is filled in a non-turbulent fashion from clean metal beneath the surface of the melt, castings with far less slag and non-metallic inclusions are produced.
		A valve is opened and the melt is raised until the snout of the sprue enters the molten metal.
	www.hitchiner.com /HIMCO/Advantage.html (846 words)

	H.Butschal GmHB München Solutions in Casting
		To obtain completely dense castings with the Lost Wax Method, not only is a gas free and micro crystallizing alloy necessary, but permanent pressure of molten metal from the sprue to the casting required.
		Through the warmth conduction of the sprue, a temperature spread occurs between the casting and the main tree exactly at the critical temperature point between the molten and solid state of the alloying metal.
		This spread creates the effect of dense crystallization in the casting even though sprue´s are thin and the casting is composed of thick and thin parts, normally tending towards shrink holes.
	www.schmuckfabrik.de /solution.html (1079 words)

	Steam Casting 6--Casting
		If it is too cool, the metal will freeze as it enters the sprue wires, and the cooler temperature of the surface of the investment cools the metal enough to solidify it before it fills the mold.
		You want enough to cast the piece, plus enough to leave a large sprue button in the crucible (sprue button formed by the mound of wax).
		I always want the sprue button to be larger than the casting because I want it to be the last thing to cool.
	users.frii.com /dnorris/steamcast6.html (1906 words)

	Die Casting Machine Nozzle Bore
		An important difference required in the Die Casting machine set-up for a die with a hot sprue compared to a die with a cold sprue is the internal bore diameter of the machine nozzle.
		For a hot sprue, the nozzle bore diameter at the tip must be the same size or larger than the internal bore of the hot sprue.
		If only some of your dies have a hot sprue system, there is always a real chance that an operator will neglect to read the set-up sheets and fit a machine nozzle as used on a cold sprue system.
	www.hotflo.com /products/nozzlebore1.html (519 words)

	Casting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Casting as a metalworking technique started in prehistory and still thrives today- in some cases using nearly identical techniques.
		Casting technology- and there's a LOT of different methods and techniques- can generally be divided into 1) how the mold is made and 2) how the liquid metal gets into the mold.
		I cannot document sand casting (or casting into Delft(tm) clay) as a Viking method; furthermore, I have never seen the tell-tale frames one uses for sand casting in Viking Age finds.
	www.jomsb.org /Dirk/casting/casting.htm (1604 words)

	The 8-Phase Casting Cycle, Part 1
		Forming a generous and well-defined sprue puddle consistently from one bullet to the next helps to insure that the mould cavity is not lacking for material.
		If you are cutting the sprue and in the process tearing out a small amount of base material, you need to lengthen the amount of time you are waiting to let the melt harden a bit longer in the mould.
		One of the benefits of cutting the sprue when the melt frosts over is that it shortens the amount of time required to cast each bullet and therefore increases the total number of bullets you can cast in a given time period.
	www.longrangebpcr.com /Part1.htm (2922 words)

	Casting Metal in the Home Shop - Sprue and Riser Pins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		After the mold is rolled over the molding board is removed, which exposes the pattern.
		Pieces of dowel rod are used as sprue and riser pins.
		The metal will be poured into the hole left by the sprue pin, and it will rise up in the hole left by the riser pin.
	www.johnschwytzer.com /casting_presentation/slide13.shtml (100 words)

	Lost wax jewelry casting supplies by Neutec USA - Neusprue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		NeuSprue™ is an important component in the Neutec/ USA systematic approach to casting.
		Peeling the rubber base and button away from the flask distorts the wax sprue and patterns, stressing and breaking the investment.
		The sprue and base rotate 360° to give you access to all sides of the tree.
	www.riogrande.com /neutec/neusprue.htm (412 words)

	[Jewelry making - Article 00059] - Re: [Orchid] Sprue Size for steam casting
		I have tested 10, 12, 14, 16, and 20 guage sprues to test which gave the best results.
		After I cut off the twisted end at about 1/8 inch it is about the size of an 8 guage sprue wire.
		The next installment Steam Casting #5 - Burn Out is almost finished and will be posted sometime this week.
	www.ganoksin.com /orchid/archive/199904/msg00059.htm (586 words)

	casting-msg
		casting, but it won't be in use for a while.
		Marianne Hansen casts intensely cool reproductions of several of those buttons in pewter from handmade soapstone molds.
		Casting rings in rings for bits and such.
	www.florilegium.org /files/CRAFTS/casting-msg.html (15708 words)

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