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Topic: Sputnik program

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	Sputnik program
		The Sputnik program was a series of unmanned space missions launched by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s to demonstrate the viability of artificial satellites.
		Sputnik 5 was launched on August 19, 1960 with the dogs Belka and Strelka, 40 mice, 2 rats and a variety of plants on board.
		Sputnik 40 (Object 24958/97058C) was a 1/3 scale model amateur radio AMSAT satellite launched from the Mir space station on 3 November 1997 to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Sputnik 1.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DSputnik (0 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Sputnik program
		The Sputnik program was a series of unmanned space missions launched by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s to demonstrate the viability of artificial satellites.
		Sputnik 2 was launched some months later, and carried the first living passenger, a dog named Laika.
		Sputnik 5 was launched into orbit on August 19, 1960 with the dogs Belka and Strelka (Russian for "Squirrel", or more likely "Whitey" from Russian "belyj", which means "white", and "Little Arrow"), 40 mice, 2 rats and a variety of plants on-board.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Sputnik (463 words)

	Sputnik - MSN Encarta
		The first three Sputnik satellites each carried instruments to measure the temperature and density of the earth's upper atmosphere, the electron density of the ionosphere, and the size and number of micrometeorites (tiny particles in space).
		From 1958 to 1959 the Soviet Union interrupted the Sputnik program to concentrate on the Luna series of vehicles that were sent toward the moon.
		Sputniks 7 and 8, launched in February 1961, served as launching platforms for the Venera spacecraft, which were sent toward Venus.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569642/Sputnik.html (578 words)

	Sputnik 2 - ExampleProblems.com
		Sputnik 2 was the second spacecraft launched into Earth orbit, on November 3, 1957, and the first to carry a living animal - a dog.
		Sputnik 2 was launched on an essentially unmodified ICBM R-7, similar to that used for Sputnik 1, to a 212 x 1660 km orbit with a period of 103.7 minutes.
		Sputnik 2 was not able to detect the Van Allen radiation belts as it traveled far enough to the north such that it was under most of the radiation belt while it was monitorable from the USSR.
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php?title=Sputnik_2&printable=yes (549 words)

	Sputnik 1 at AllExperts
		Coming at the height of the Cold War, the launching of Sputnik caught the West by surprise, and in the U.S. led to a wave of self-recriminations, the beginning of the space race, and a movement to reform science education.
		Sputnik was the first of several satellites in the Soviet Union's Sputnik program, the majority of them successful.
		The Sputnik 1 spacecraft was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome at Tyuratam (370 km southwest of the small town of Baikonur) in Kazakhstan, then part of the Soviet Union.
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/sp/sputnik_1.htm (920 words)

	Sputnik program (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3, 1957 and carried the first living passenger, a dog named Laika.
		Sputnik 5 was launched into orbit on August 19, 1960 with the dogs Belka and Strelka, 40 mice, 2 rats and a variety of plants on-board.
		All Sputniks were carried to orbit by the R-7 launch vehicle, originally designed to carry nuclear warheads.
	www.abcworld.net /Sputnik_program.html (324 words)

	Sputnik
		Sputnik is the name of the very first group of satellites sent into space by the Soviet Union.
		Sputnik 1, the first satellite, was launched on Oct. 4, 1957 from the Tyuratam cosmodrome.
		Sputnik 1 was launched by a 92 ft. (28m) intercontinental ballistic missile.
	library.thinkquest.org /J002741/sputnik.htm (323 words)

	Sputnik Orbits the Earth (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sputnik was the first man-made object, ever to to orbit the earth.
		Sputnik was equipped with transmitters on two different frequencies, to let everyone know that it was there.
		Sputnik II was equipped with many devices for monitoring space and gathering new information about earth.
	www.sbac.edu /~morrisjw/1950-59/Sputnik/index.html (341 words)

	Sputnik - DNA microsatellite repeat search utility
		Sputnik is a C language program that searches dna sequence files in Fasta format for microsatellite repeats.
		A sequence file is specified on the command line and the resulting hits are written to stdout along with their position in the sequence, length, and a score determined by the length of the repeat and the number of errors.
		Sputnik was developed by Chris Abajian at the University of Washington Department of Molecular Biotechnology in September '94.
	espressosoftware.com /pages/sputnik.jsp (397 words)

	Retro Galaxy - Sputnik Program
		Sputnik 2 was launched some months later, and carried the first living passenger, a dog named Laika.
		Sputnik 5 was launched into orbit on August 19, 1960 with the dogs Belka and Strelka (Russian for "Squirrel" and "Little Arrow"), 40 mice, 2 rats and a variety of plants on-board.
		A Sputnik I Model was given as a present to the United Nations and now decorates the entry Hall of their NYC Headquarter.
	www.retrogalaxy.com /sputnik.asp (0 words)

	[No title]
		Sputnik 4 was a USSR satellite, part of the Sputnik program and a test-flight of the Vostok spacecraft that would be used for the first human spaceflight.
		SPUTNIK 40 was launched on November 4th, 1997 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the first earth artificial satellite.
		SPUTNIK 40 was released in space from MIR space station by cosmonaut Pavel Vinogradov during an extra vehicular walk.
	lycos.cs.cmu.edu /info/sputnik.html (473 words)

	History of Space Exploration: Sputnik Satellite Program (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sputnik 1, launched on October 4, 1957, was designed to send radio signals to Earth and determine the density of the upper atmosphere.
		Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3, 1957, and carried aboard it a dog, Laika.
		It may originally have been intended as the first launch in the Sputnik program, however it was apparently decided to be more cautious in the launch schedule.
	www.sadcom.com /pins/space/machines/sputnik.htm (274 words)

	Sputnik
		Sputnik's radio signals, rebroadcast by television and radio stations around the world, immediately captured the public's imagination.
		The U.S. had its own space program, but it was working on satellites that weighed a fraction of that.
		One admiral even called Sputnik a "hunk of iron almost anybody could launch." Soon after, military personnel were told not to discuss the satellite.
	www.trumanlibrary.org /museum/sputnik1.htm (1297 words)

	[No title]
		The space program coverage at the time of the Shepard mission and the Kennedy pledge to land a man on the moon is overwhelmingly favorable to the space program.
		With two failures on their hands, NASA was worried that the new president would sour on the idea of a manned space program and they were well aware that his advisor, Wiesner, was filling him with all sorts of fears of a potential public disaster and the possibility of a dead astronaut on his hands.
		Viewing the space program as a "catalyst" for social progress, technological revolutions, and the restructuring of institutions, Kennedy and his advisors laid out the blue-prints for an activist federal government that would seek to change society in a progressive manner and effect a positive influence on its citizenry and industry.
	www.eiu.edu /~historia/1999/space99.htm (4709 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sputnik #1 was designed to send radio signals to earth and determine the density of the atmosphere, although it only transmitted signals to earth a short time after launch.
		It might have originally been intended as the first launch in the Sputnik program, but it was apparently decided to be more cautious in the launch schedule.
		Sputnik #3 was designed to be a geographical laboratory, performing experiments on the earth's magnetic field, radiation belt, and ionosphere.
	warrensburg.k12.mo.us /ew/sputnik/amanda.html (332 words)

	[No title]
		The Sputnik program was a series of unmanned space missions launched by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s to demonstrate the viability of artificial satellites.
		Although he had American nuclear-armed bombers remain constantly airborne just four days before Sputnik's launch in response to Soviet development of the intercontinental ballistic missile (which had been used to launch Sputnik), Eisenhower did not even comment publicly on the launch until October 9, when he issued a statement congratulating the Soviet achievement.
		Sputnik 1 was the first artificial satelite launched by any human civilization.
	www.lycos.com /info/sputnik--soviet-union.html (323 words)

	Moon: Debriefing - Keys (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He thought the hysteria triggered by Sputnik was misplaced, all the more so because he knew that the U. could easily have been the first to launch a satellite, if it had chosen to do so.
		Sputnik came as a shock to the world, and especially to Americans, partly because such an advanced technological feat suggested that Soviet science was advancing more rapidly than the West's.
		Sputnik, Pravda gloated, proved "the most daring dreams of mankind a reality" could be achieved under communism.
	www.pbs.org /redfiles/moon/debrief/m_brief_ter_keys.htm (1287 words)

	Morning Edition - Sputnik Monroe
		Walking into the ring at Ellis Auditorium in downtown Memphis, he would be booed by many whites, but as soon as they were finished, Sputnik would turn to the top seats, the segregated top balcony, raise his arms, and bring down a groundswell of cheers.
		Sputnik wanted more of his fans to get into the auditorum, so he bribed a door attendant to miscount the number of African Americans admitted.
		Sputnik continued to wrestle throughout the South for two more decades, but he never became nationally known.
	www.npr.org /programs/morning/features/2001/feb/010222.sputnik.html (586 words)

	Soviet Craft - Sputnik
		The Sputnik program was the world's first successful one to launch a rocket, a living being, and a human into Earth orbit.
		Sputnik 2 was the second spacecraft launched into Earth orbit and was the first biological to contain a passenger.
		Sputnik 20 was intended to be a Venus landing mission.
	filer.case.edu /~sjr16/advanced/20th_soviet_sputnik.html (0 words)

	Sputnik - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Sputnik, name of the first of several artificial satellites launched by the Soviet Union from 1957 to 1961.
		Mercury Program, entry of the U.S. into the space race
		Mercury Program, first United States manned space program, conducted from 1961 to 1963.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Sputnik.html (105 words)

	SPACE.com -- Space History Milestone: Sputnik 1 Launch
		Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviets on October 4, 1957, was the first artificial satellite to successfully orbit the Earth.
		Marshall Nedelin, who supervised the Soviet ICBM program for the Soviet military, was quoted as saying that the R-7 missile should undergo further testing before it was used for such an "insignificant experiment" as the launch of Sputnik.
		The last Sputnik was launched May 15, 1958 and remained in orbit for nearly two years.
	www.space.com /news/sputnik42_991005.html (471 words)

	NSSDC Master Catalog Display: Spacecraft
		The Sputnik 1 spacecraft was the first artificial satellite successfully placed in orbit around the Earth and was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome at Tyuratam (370 km southwest of the small town of Baikonur) in Kazakhstan, then part of the former Soviet Union.
		Since the sphere was filled with nitrogen under pressure, Sputnik 1 provided the first opportunity for meteoroid detection (no such events were reported), since losses in internal pressure due to meteoroid penetration of the outer surface would have been evident in the temperature data.
		The Sputnik 1 rocket booster also reached Earth orbit and was visible from the ground at night as a first magnitude object, while the small but highly polished sphere, barely visible at sixth magnitude, was more difficult to follow optically.
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /database/MasterCatalog?sc=1957-001B (459 words)

	Sputnik
		History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a basketball, weighed only 183 pounds, and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path.
		While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race.
		The story begins in 1952, when the International Council of Scientific Unions decided to establish July 1, 1957, to December 31, 1958, as the International Geophysical Year (IGY) because the scientists knew that the cycles of solar activity would be at a high point then.
	history.nasa.gov /sputnik (0 words)

	Minuteman Missile National Historic Site --Visual 1
		It was this seemingly odd looking sphere which would eventually lead the United States to accelerate their ballistic rocket program.
		Sputnik meant "fellow traveler." It was the first of many Soviet launched satellites.
		It was not really the Sputnik satellite which worried the United States instead it was the R-7 launch vehicle which propelled it into space.
	www.cr.nps.gov /nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/128MIMI/128visual1.htm (179 words)

	What is Sputnik?
		Sputnik was an unmanned Soviet satellite that orbited the earth on 4 October 1957.
		The "beep, beep" of the Sputnik added greatly to the fear of nuclear war and created a response in America that bordered on panic.
		Sputnik III was launched in May 1958 and weighed almost 1400 kilograms (3000 pounds); it orbited for about two years and provided a wealth of information about the earth.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-sputnik.htm (371 words)

	HomeToys News Release
		Sputnik powered access points are appearing not just in North America, but in Japan, Europe, South America and Australia," said David L. Sifry, CTO at Sputnik, Inc. "We have also seen tremendous developer interest in extending the platform in areas like virtual private networking (VPN) applications, voice-over-IP (VoIP), mesh routing, and enterprise wireless applications.
		Sputnik Enterprise Gateway Sputnik is currently focusing its own development resources on solving the problems of security and manageability for wireless networking in the enterprise.
		Sputnik is actively working with OEM hardware partners to ensure a wide range of Sputnik powered devices in the market.
	www.hometoys.com /releases/mar02/sputnik01.htm (835 words)

	Sputnik program Summary
		Sputnik is the name given to a series of scientific research satellites launched by the Soviet Union during the period from 1957 to 1961.
		Sputnik 3 was launched on May 15, 1958, Sputnik 4 on May 15, 1960, Sputnik 5 on August 19, 1960, Sputnik 6 on December 1, 1960, Sputnik 7 on February 4, 1961, Sputnik 8 on February 12, 1961, Sputnik 9 on March 9, 1961, and Sputnik 10 on March 25, 1961.
		Sputnik designations were briefly given to a series of interplanetary probes but these were renamed as part of the Luna series in 1962 and 1963.
	www.bookrags.com /Sputnik (0 words)

	Reflecting on Sputnik - Bybee 3
		For example, in the academic year 1976/77 almost 60% of school districts were using one or more of the federally funded programs in grades 7 through 12; and 30% of school districts reported using at least one program in elementary schools.
		Mathematicians criticized the new programs because the content was too abstract and neglected significant applications; teachers criticized the programs because they were too difficult to teach; and, parents criticized the new math because they worried that their children would not develop fundamental computational skills.
		A not insignificant influence from the Sputnik era is the many classroom activities and lessons that infuse science and mathematics education.
	www.nas.edu /sputnik/bybee3.htm (0 words)

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