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Topic: Sputum

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	Sputum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sputum is matter that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, such as mucus or phlegm, mixed with saliva and then expectorated from the mouth.
		A sputum sample is the name given to the mucus that is coughed up from the lower airways.
		When a sputum specimen is plated out, it is best to get the portion of the sample that most looks like pus onto the swab.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sputum (178 words)

	Sputum Culture
		A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria or fungi that are infecting the lungs or breathing passages.
		Sputum is a thick fluid produced in the lungs and in the airways leading to the lungs.
		For example, a sputum sample that is not collected properly may not contain enough bacteria to warrant a culture, or the sample may be contaminated by other bacteria that are not infecting the lungs.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/hw5693.asp (1730 words)

	Sputum culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A sputum culture is done to find and identify the microorganism causing an infection of the lower respiratory tract such as pneumonia (an infection of the lung).
		The sputum specimen must be collected carefully, so that bacteria that normally live in the mouth and saliva don't contaminate the sputum and complicate the process of identifying the cause of the infectious agent.
		A portion of the sputum is smeared on a microscope slide for a Gram stain.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/sputum_culture.jsp (1933 words)

	PCCU Volume 16
		Although sputum induction appears to be a safe and relatively simple method, it is important that the staff involved at all stages of this test be properly trained and, preferably, certified at one of the centers in the United States or Europe that has a reputation and considerable experience with this technique.
		Sputum is a complex medium rich in proteins and particularly in mucins, with mucins being the greatest component of sputum.
		Sputum has been used to study the relationship between bacterial colonization and inflammation and to predict with high sensitivity, but not as high specificity, the presence of bacteria in discolored sputum when antibiotic treatment may be most needed.
	www.chestnet.org /education/online/pccu/vol16/lessons3_4/lesson04.php (3787 words)

	Sputum Color Is the Key to Treating Acute COPD Exacerbations
		That was the conclusion of English researchers led by Robert A. Stockley, MD, who recently studied the relationship between sputum color and respiratory infection in 121 outpatients with acute COPD exacerbations.[1] The presence of green or yellow sputum was 94.4% sensitive and 77.0% specific for microbiologic evidence of respiratory infection, the researchers found.
		Sputum samples were always correctly identified as mucoid or mucopurulent, according to the study authors.
		In the remaining two patients, the sputum went from mucoid to mucopurulent soon after initial evaluation, a change that in both cases was associated with a positive sputum culture for H influenzae.
	www.pulmonaryreviews.com /aug00/pr_aug00_sputum.html (1035 words)

	CHEST: Long-term repeatability of induced sputum cells and inflammatory markers in stable, moderately severe COPD - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although short-term repeatability of selected sputum markers has been extensively studied in several populations, data on the long-term repeatability of induced sputum markers in stable COPD are scant.
		Sputum cells and inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-8 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1 were measured in supernatant using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
		Sputum neutrophils were negatively correlated with lung function on each separate occasion, whereas soluble markers were not correlated with sputum cells (p > 0.16, all correlations) or lung function (p > 0.24, all correlations).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_3_123/ai_99236187 (1164 words)

	Sputum induction for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants and young children in an urban setting in South ...
		Sputum induction for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants and young children in an urban setting in South Africa -- Zar et al.
		Sputum induction with heated aerosol inhalations for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
		Sputum induction for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/82/4/305 (2389 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Routine sputum culture
		Sputum is a secretion that is produced in the lungs and the bronchi (tubes that carry the air to the lung).
		The sputum is then taken to the laboratory.
		The cultures and tests are done on the sputum to help identify the bacteria that are causing an infection in the lungs or the airways (bronchi).
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003723.htm (433 words)

	Sputum Cytokine Levels in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis as Early Markers of Mycobacterial Clearance -- ...
		to 481 pg/ml in spontaneous sputum and from 7 to 413 pg/ml in
		Sputum phagocytes from healthy individuals are functional and activated: a flow cytometric comparison of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage and peripheral blood.
		Measurement of sputum Mycobacterium tuberculosis messenger RNA as a surrogate for response to chemotherapy.
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/9/4/818 (3611 words)

	Induced sputum and bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis -- McWilliams et al. 57 (12): 1010 -- Thorax
		Induced sputum and bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis -- McWilliams et al.
		Induced sputum and bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
		Sputum induction versus fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnsosis of tuberculosis.
	thorax.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/57/12/1010 (3168 words)

	Sputum Cytology
		Sputum cytology examines a sample of sputum (mucus) under a microscope to determine whether abnormal cells are present.
		Sputum is produced in the lungs and in the airways leading to the lungs.
		Sputum is not the same as saliva, so make sure to get a sample of mucus from deep in your airway.
	www.webmd.com /hw/cancer/tu6418.asp (781 words)

	Sputum stain for mycobacteria Encyclopedia Search - Drug Price Search
		This is a test involving special staining and direct microscopic examination of a sputum specimen, used to check for the presence of Mycobacteria.
		You are asked to cough deeply and expel any material that comes from the lungs (sputum) into a container.
		If sputum is not produced, sometimes bronchoscopy will be performed.
	www.drug-price-search.com /encyclopedia/?encyclopedia_name_url=98&level=2 (368 words)

	Thioredoxin liquefies and decreases the viscoelasticity of cystic fibrosis sputum -- Rancourt et al. 286 (5): L931 -- ...
		Sputum was treated with 30 µM Trx; 0.1 µM TR; and 0, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, or 2.0 mM NADPH for 20 min.
		Sputum samples were aliquoted and treated with Trx or GSH for 20 min, and percent liquid was determined by compaction assay.
		DNA and actin filament ultrastructure in cystic fibrosis sputum.
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/286/5/L931 (4863 words)

	Sputum examination for early detection of lung cancer -- Thunnissen 56 (11): 805 -- Journal of Clinical Pathology
		Sputum screening by quantitative microscopy: a reexamination of a portion of the National Cancer Institute cooperative early lung cancer study.
		Sputum cells from lung tumour patients carry a cell surface marker not found in normal sputum.
		Applicability of induced sputum for molecular dosimetry of exposure to inhalatory carcinogens: 32P-postlabeling of lipophilic DNA adducts in smokers and nonsmokers.
	jcp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/56/11/805 (4096 words)

	Airway Inflammation in Children with Cystic Fibrosis and Healthy Children Assessed by Sputum Induction -- SAGEL et al. ...
		sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage in 10 adults with CF (24).
		Biochemical indices of inflammation in sputum and saliva.
		Interleukin-8 concentrations are elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, and sera of children with cystic fibrosis.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/164/8/1425 (5765 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Sputum Gram stain
		Sputum is the mucous secretions produced by the lower respiratory tract (in the lungs).
		Occasionally, the sputum is collected by bronchoscopy, and more discomfort is associated with this procedure.
		The test is performed when there is a persistent or prolonged cough, sputum has a foul odor or unusual color, respiratory disease is suspected, or there is a generalized infection.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003765.htm (497 words)

	Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Bacteriologic Conversion of Sputum among Tuberculosis Patients
		Periodic bacteriologic examination of the sputum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is important for several reasons: 1) It provides objective evidence of the patient's response to therapy.
		The downward trend since 1972 in the percentage of patients known to have become sputum-negative is compensated for by the rise in the percentage of patients not known to have had a follow-up sputum examination (Figure 1).
		The number from whom no sputum result was available may include patients whom the attending physician presumed had converted but from whom no specimen was obtained to document sputum negativity.
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001151.htm (969 words)

	Arch Intern Med -- Abstract: Assessment of the Usefulness of Sputum Culture for Diagnosis of Community-Acquired ...
		Arch Intern Med -- Abstract: Assessment of the Usefulness of Sputum Culture for Diagnosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Using the PORT Predictive Scoring System, September 13, 2004, García-Vázquez et al.
		Rates of sputum obtained, good-quality sputum specimens, PM identification, and positive culture were not significantly
		Sputum Culture Is Not Useful for Diagnosing CAP
	archinte.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/164/16/1807 (353 words)

	Routine sputum culture
		Sputum is what comes up with deep coughing.
		You are asked to cough deeply and spit any sputum in a sterile cup.
		Drinking a lot of water and other fluids the night before the test may help to get the sample.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/003723.htm (315 words)

	Cystic Fibrosis Sputum Supports Growth and Cues Key Aspects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Physiology -- Palmer et al. 187 ...
		The composition of CF sputum is complex, and it is clear
		PQS induction is not due to acyl-HSLs endogenous to CF sputum.
		The observation that PQS is induced during growth in CF sputum medium has several implications for CF disease.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/187/15/5267 (5068 words)

	Sputum T lymphocytes in asthma, COPD and healthy subjects have the phenotype of activated intraepithelial T cells ...
		Sputum T lymphocytes in asthma, COPD and healthy subjects have the phenotype of activated intraepithelial T cells (CD69+ CD103+) -- Leckie et al.
		Induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage and blood from mild asthmatics: inflammatory cells, lymphocyte subsets and soluble markers compared.
		Elevated B cells in sputum of asthmatics: close correlation with eosinophils.
	thorax.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/58/1/23 (4029 words)

	Bloody Sputum - Symptoms and Signs from MedicineNet
		Bloody sputum (spitting up blood or bloody mucus) can come from common forms of infection in the lungs and airways, such as acute bronchitis or pneumonia.
		Whenever bloody sputum is present and cannot be attributed to a curable condition, a complete lung evaluation is warranted.
		Bloody sputum is also referred to as hemoptysis.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/forum.asp?articlekey=24700 (193 words)

	eMedicine - Pneumonia, Bacterial : Article by Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCP, DABSM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sputum examination (see Image 4) provides an accurate diagnosis in approximately 50% of patients.
		However, the number of WBCs in the sputum of a neutropenic patient may be fewer than 25 WBCs per low-power field, despite origination from the lower respiratory tree.
		Sputum cultures are submitted only from specimens that are deemed satisfactory after Gram stain.
	www.emedicine.com /MED/topic1852.htm (7770 words)

	Brown Sputum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gray sputum – might be hay fever too
		Black sputum – could be from smoking crack
		Red sputum – think CA or TB Orange sputum – might be Pneumococcus
	www.rtlyrics.com /BrownSputum.htm (142 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Sputum DFA (direct fluorescent antibody)
		Sputum DFA is a test performed to detect the presence of microorganisms in sputum (lung secretions) by using antibodies tagged with a fluorescent dye.
		A sputum sample is obtained by coughing into a specimen container.
		In the laboratory, antibodies that have been chemically linked to a fluorescent dye are added to the sample.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003553.htm (347 words)

	Symptom: Sputum symptoms - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Sputum symptoms type of: Cough (87), Wet cough (27)
		Possible causes of symptom: Sputum symptoms: The following medical conditions are some of the possible causes of Sputum symptoms as a symptom.
		Conditions listing symptoms: Sputum symptoms: The following list of conditions have 'Sputum symptoms' or similar listed as a symptom in our database.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /sym/sputum_symptoms.htm (286 words)

	Arch Intern Med -- Abstract: Predictors of Sputum Culture Conversion Among Patients With Tuberculosis in the Era of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Arch Intern Med -- Abstract: Predictors of Sputum Culture Conversion Among Patients With Tuberculosis in the Era of Tuberculosis Resurgence, May 24, 1999, Liu et al.
		Predictors of Sputum Culture Conversion Among Patients With Tuberculosis in the Era of Tuberculosis Resurgence
		TB who were initially sputum culture positive in New Jersey
	archinte.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/159/10/1110 (276 words)

	Dr. Koop - Routine sputum culture
		Home > Health Reference > Routine sputum culture
		There, it is placed in a medium under conditions that allow the organisms to grow.
		You should promptly seek professional medical care if you have any concern about your health, and you should always consult your physician before starting a fitness regimen.
	www.drkoop.com /ency/93/003723.html (264 words)

	Sputum definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Sputum definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Sputum: The mucus and other matter brought up from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea that one may cough up and spit out or swallow.
		The word "sputum" is borrowed directly from the Latin "to spit." Called also expectoration.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5539 (182 words)

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