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Topic: Square rig

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	SQUARE RIG Articles Square rig is a generic type of sai
		Square rig is a generic type of sailing vessel in which the primary driving sails are carried on horizontal spars which are perpendicular to the keel of the ship.
		Square rig was the main design in the age of sail.
		Square rigs do have their advantages, however; they are more efficient when running, where the high lift to drag is irrelevant and the total lift is the most important issue.
	www.amazines.com /Square_rig_related.html (629 words)

	Sail Ship Rigging
		Sailing ship rigs can be divided into two broad categories: the "fore and aft rig", in which the sails lie along the same plane as the ship's fore and aft line; and the "square rig", in which the sails are rigged athwart (across) the ship.
		The simplest of all forms of rigging is the dipping lug, a quadrangular sail hanging from a yard, and always hoisted on the side of the mast opposite to that on which the wind is blowing (the lee side).
		A vessel having one mast and fore-and-aft rig, consisting of a boom-and-gaff mainsail, jibs, staysail, and gaff topsail.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/ship/rig.htm (2375 words)

	Square rig - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Square rig is a generic type of sailing vessel in which the primary driving sails are carried on horizontal spars which are perpendicular to the keel of the ship.
		Square rig was the main design in the age of sail.
		Square rigs do have their advantages, however; they are more efficient when running, where the high lift to drag is irrelevant and the total lift is the most important issue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Square_rig (708 words)

	Weatherly Square Riggers Technology Design Consultancy for Sail Training Ships & Vessels Worldwide by Philip Goode ...
		Most square rigged ships are poor performers to windward, never coming close to realizing their full potential as a sailing machine.
		Rearranging the standing rigging: as regards the lower shrouds this was not difficult: it sufficed to extend the lower yard´s truss rod.enough to clear the heads of the shrouds when the yard was braced sharp.
		She never once missed stays even in light airs because such a rig allows the tacking manoeuvre to be initiated from hard on the wind instead of with it nearly abeam as in a traditional windjammer.
	www.weatherlysquareriggers.com (2055 words)

	maps navigation sailing
		The reason for the change was the known behavior of the lateen rig when sailing with the wind on the quarter or before the wind; the yawing is continuous and the helmsmen are soon exhausted by having to move the tmer continuously from side to side, often without the required results.
		This was an improvement but not impressive -a "mongrel" rig, as Fonseca called it, and with a lack of aesthetic equilibrium that is shown in the modern barkentines of three or four masts.
		The rig is reduced to a square foresail, a square mainsail (with bonnets) and a lateen mizzen without sprit-sail or top-sail or a round-top but a basket (crow's nest) facing aft of the mainmast, as in the galleys.
	geowords.com /e_/09_sail&hourglass/columbus/ninapinta.htm (1440 words)

	Lateen Sail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Fishermen used barques of varying sizes, usually rigged with a single lateen mainsail and one foresail, but there were many variations on the theme.
		In the days when large ships carried square rig it was often said that a small Spanish balancelle was a better heavy weather boat than the big square rigger.
		rig, which looks not unlike a gaff cutter with top sail, was popular among pleasure craft and especially among the racers, as it enabled a yacht to sail closer to the wind and was easier to handle.
	www.boatsyachtsmarinas.com /history/html/lateen_sail.html (428 words)

	newsobserver.com
		The rig is similar to a schooner, but the main mast (the tallest) is the first mast, not the second mast.
		The square rig was normally an offshore rig used by vessels making long ocean passages and taking advantage of the prevailing wind and current patterns of the globe.
		The square rig was also seen in the coastal trade, where brigs plied their trade up and down the Eastern seaboard.
	www.newsobserver.com /438/v-print/story/454340.html (446 words)

	rigs
		Similar in arrangement to a square rig, except that the supporting spar is asymmetrically arranged on the mast, with a greater length behind than in front.
		In this rig there is a diagonal spar supporting the top outer corner of the sail away from the mast.
		The gunter rig is similar to the bermudan rig with the exception that the mast is in two parts.
	www.transitionrig.com /rigs.htm (570 words)

	Commercial Sailing Vessels
		Square rigged vessels have all the sails on one or more masts set from yards, wooden spars attached perpendicularly to the mast(s).
		After the 1860s, vessels in commercial trade using even the modified square rig, such as barques, brigantines, and barkentines, were not very popular because their yards and extensive rigging inhibited loading and unloading.
		The Grand Haven rig was a two-masted rig in which gaff-rigged schooners had their masts set toward the extreme ends of the vessel, leaving a large area amidships for loading, unloading, and deck load.
	thunderbay.noaa.gov /history/vessels/sailing.html (1885 words)

	Mediterranean Avenue Press
		But subsequent refinements in the rig, in leeboards and in rudder design, have yielded such performance gains that I may be able to achieve my life goal even without making the contemplated changes.
		Her submerged rudder area is just over three square feet and her sail area is rated at 212 square feet.
		Square foot per square foot, a tall, narrow (fore to aft) foil is more effective than a low aspect ratio foil.
	www.mediterraneanavenue.com /radio_flyer_rudder.htm (3539 words)

	The square rig - PortCities Southampton
		In a square rig most of the sails are hung from poles known as yards, which are attached horizontally at their mid points to the masts.
		Square rig generally requires considerable effort to move all the yards if the wind changes direction relative to the ship.
		Square rig was therefore mostly used on large ships with big crews which made long voyages across oceans, where the wind direction and force tended not to vary much.
	www.plimsoll.org /diversityofships/whatdrivestheship/harnessingthewind/thesquarerig.asp (141 words)

	Selected Pacific NW links
		Square rig is optimum for sailing downwind, to follow the trade winds around the world.
		Fore-and-aft rig was known and used all through the age of sail, and many smaller and coastal vessels used some combination of square and fore-and-aft.
		Gaff rig is a particular type of fore-and-aft rig, in which the primary sails are four-sided rather than triangular, and the head of the sail is attached to a spar called a gaff, one end of which pivots around the upper mast.
	www.icehouse.net /jim_d/pnw.html (1185 words)

	Duckworks Boatbuilders Supply (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		She is shown with the original 55 square foot rig.
		The sail rig has been experimented with many times but the hull is identical today as then, except for color.
		This sail has 74 square feet of area and is to the Woobo sail plan.
	www.duckworksmagazine.com /store/plans/jim/piccup_squared/index.htm (1154 words)

	Sailing Rigs of all Kinds for Small Boats
		The two principal rigs for vessels are the fore-and-aft and the square rig.
		Square rigged consists in having the principal sails extended by yards suspended at the middle (Fig.
		The bark is a vessel with square-rigged foremast and mainmast and, fore-and-aft rigged mizzen-mast (Fig.
	www.inquiry.net /outdoor/summer/boats/rigs (552 words)

	Ancient Navigation - DiscussAnything.com -
		They were the farthest from Arab influence, and the Vikings of Scandinavia continued using the square sail, long after those on the Mediterranean had started incorporating the advantages of using triangular sails on their ships.
		Square rigged sails had the advantage of providing stability on large ships and in heavy seas, and they remained the main type of sail on European vessels until the last days of sail.
		Since there are drawings from India, which demonstrate the use of the square sail there, and since the Chinese rigged their junks with square sails, it is safe to assume that the lateen sail was an Arab invention that most likely developed on the Red Sea.
	www.discussanything.com /forums/showthread.php?t=50656 (1031 words)

	Duckworks Boatbuilders Supply
		She is shown with the original 55 square foot rig.
		The sail rig has been experimented with many times but the hull is identical today as then, except for color.
		This sail has 74 square feet of area and is to the Woobo sail plan.
	www.duckworksbbs.com /plans/jim/piccup_squared/index.htm (1156 words)

	The Rigging of a Sailing Ship
		Sailing ship rigs can be divided into two broad categories: the "fore and aft rig" (left image), in which the sails lie along the same plane as the ship's fore and aft line; and the "square rig" (right image), in which the sails are rigged athwart (across) the ship.
		A fore and aft rigged vessel with one mast is a sloop.
		She was the last Canadian commercial vessel to carry a square rig, being abandoned at sea in 1928.
	www.thepirateking.com /ships/sail_rigging_info.htm (1268 words)

	Mast & Sail in Europe & Asia: Chapter 4
		The old-fashioned 'galliot' was similar in construction and was generally rigged as what we now mostly designate a ketch, 1 but carried in addition to the modern fore-and-aft sails the older square topsail, t'gallantsail, and course on the foremast, as very many Baltic ketches do to this day.
		The advantage of the fore-and-aft rig combined with squaresails on the foremast is every day more apparent in the increasing number of three-masted schooners and barquentines which are used in our coasting-trade, and which, like the brigantine, are a development of the topsail-schooner sail plan on larger craft.
		First, the fore-and-aft rig was found more convenient than the lug for heaving to, as the trawler has to do for hours at a time, the main tack being easily triced up and staysail laid aback.
	www.friend.ly.net /~dadadata/smyth/mast_n_sail_04.html (3163 words)

	Square Rig pointing - questions - Boat Design Forums
		Either some of the above is ficticious, or there are a lot of square rig vessels that are not being sailed well, or need attention.
		Most of the "advances" in square rigs have been in reducing crew size and training levels.
		I suppose I am confused that some square rig vessels can point (I regard less than 45 degrees as going to windward like a dazed crab) and some can't.
	www.boatdesign.net /forum/showthread.php?t=5991 (1522 words)

	Choice of rig
		The ideal rig for sail training should include square sails on at least one mast, particularly if operating world-wide on the Trade Routes when the trainees have time to become conversant with its complexities.
		This hybrid sail arrangement of the 'square' Norse and 'triangular' Lateen in one ship had spawned a cult of swift and weatherly pirate ships whose ability to outrun their pursuers was legendary.
		Using the geometry of the Xebec rig, Philip designed a number of sail plans for modern yachts which he tested on scale models but, in spite of achieving exceptional results on all points of sailing, they did not appeal to the owners of today's maxi-yachts.
	www.adventureundersail.com /choiceofrig.htm (330 words)

	Texas Seaport Museum > 1877 Tall Ship ELISSA > Seafaring Glossary M-Z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		RIGGING A broad term for all ropes, chains, and gear used for supporting and operating masts, yards, booms, gaffs, and sails.
		More generally, rigging is the whole apparatus of masts, yards, sails, and cordage, by which the force of the wind is utilized to move a sailing vessel against the resistance of the water.
		SQUARE SAILS Sails which are set ‘square’ to, or generally perpendicular to the length of the ship.
	www.tsm-elissa.org /elissa-glossary_m-z.htm (704 words)

	Sloop verse Square Rig, Maltese Falcon vs Mirabella - Boat Design Forums
		There a number of reasons for this: the center of effort of the rig is relatively low; the keel is relatively long; but most important, there is no change in the shape of the sails.
		The 1300-tonne yacht sets 15 square sails on three free standing rotating carbon fibre masts, has reportedly reached speeds in excess of 10 knots in true wind speeds of between 8 and 16 knots.
		Anything she accomplishes at this point is not going to change the minds of those who have decided to revile her for not being fore and aft rigged or because they don't care for the placement of her upperworks.
	www.boatdesign.net /forums/showthread.php?goto=lastpost&t=12172 (1325 words)

	Detail Page
		Square-rig was generally used; the mainsail was a broad square sail on a single mast, with occasionally a triangular topsail above.
		The spritsail consisted of a sail more or less square in shape supported by a spar (sprit) that ran from a point near the base of the mast diagonally to the point of the sail.
		Sails were usually made of square and rectangular pieces of linen cloth sewn together, the edges protected by a boltrope and the corners reinforced by leather patches.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=HLAR0421 (362 words)

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