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Topic: Srivijaya

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Sri Vijaya

Majapahit

Early history of Thailand

Malay Peninsula

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Sukhothai kingdom

Lannathai

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	Srivijaya Summary
		The maritime Buddhist empire of Srivijaya emerged in the seventh century CE as the first sea power to dominate the Strait of Malacca and the Sunda Strait, the key positions along the spice route connecting China, the Malay archipelago, India, and the West.
		Srivijaya also maintained close relations with the Pala Empire in Bengal and an 860 inscription records that the maharaja of Srivijaya dedicated a monastery at the Nalanda university in Pala territory.
		In 1365, Srivijaya was conquered by the Kingdom of Majapahit.
	www.bookrags.com /Srivijaya (1664 words)

	4. Southeast Asia, c. 900-1557. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Srivijaya and other kingdoms of central Java as well as the kingdoms of the mainland relied on alliances, often via marriage, and on relationships that were mutually beneficial.
		The prominence of the kingdom of Srivijaya, crucial to the development of Malay society and the founding of Malacca, continued during this period.
		The Sailendra dynasty, rulers of Srivijaya, were ardent patrons of Buddhism, as is shown in the great Borobudur victory monument in central Java.
	www.bartleby.com /67/339.html (961 words)

	Srivijaya - Definition, explanation
		Srivijaya (-sri meaning glitters or radiant, -jaya meaning success or excellence) was an ancient kingdom based on the island of Sumatra which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago.
		The empire was a thalassocracy and didn't extend its influence far beyond the coastal areas of the islands of Southeast Asia.
		In the first half of the tenth century, between the fall of Tang and the rise of Song, there was a brisk trade between the overseas world and the Fujian kingdom of Min and the rich Guangdong kingdom of Nan Han.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/s/sr/srivijaya.php (804 words)

	[No title]
		According to O. Wolters, Srivijaya's prosperity was helped by the phenomenal rise in the revived Chinese maritime trade during the T'ang dynasty (seventh to the tenth centuries).
		Srivijaya does not appear to have been heavily urbanized or to have had a continuously occupied capital during its 700 years of existence, nor to have possessed boundaries and clearly delineated territories.
		Srivijaya was ruled by a formula supple enough to attract from all quarters and to exploit it at the same time.
	maincc.hufs.ac.kr /~spain/toc5.html (1605 words)

	Srivijaya - The Wordbook Encyclopedia
		The existence of Srivijaya was only formally suspected in 1918 when French historian George Coedès of École française d'Extrême-Orient postulated the existence of the empire.
		In 1365, Srivijaya was ruled by the Majapahit empire.
		In the world of commerce, Srivijaya rapidly rose to be a far-flung empire controlling the two passages between India and China, namely the Sunda Strait from Palembang and the Malacca straits from Kedah.
	www.thewordbook.com /Srivijaya (2005 words)

	indahnesia.com - Pre-colonial Indonesia - Indonesia until the 18th century - Discover Indonesia Online
		Srivijaya (-sri meaning glitters or radiant, -jaya meaning success or excellence) was an ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago.
		Srivijaya was centered in the coastal trading center of present day Palembang.
		Srivijaya was organised in three main zones — the estuarine capital region centred on Palembang, the Musi River basin which served as hinterland, and rival esturarine zones capable of formng rival power centres.
	indahnesia.com /indonesia/HIF/pre-colonial_indonesia.php (1941 words)

	Southeast Asian History-Indonesia
		It was probably in existence as a kingdom before the collapse of Funan, but the first record that mentions Srivijaya is the travel diary of I-ching, a Chinese Buddhist pilgrim who visited in 671 and praised its capital, Palembang, for its 1,000 monks and an excellent library of holy texts.
		Despite all this, Srivijaya did have to deal with competition, and the most aggressive competitor was the kingdom of Mataram, in central and eastern Java.
		Srivijaya, by contrast, was so preoccupied with commerce that it built no enduring monuments of any kind.
	www.guidetothailand.com /thailand-history/indonesia.htm (1722 words)

	Srivijaya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Srivijaya was a coastal trading center and was a thalassocracy.
		Srivijaya was in frequent conflict with, and ultimately subjugated by, Javanese kingdoms, first Singhasari and then Majapahit.
		Srivijaya undoubtedly benefited from this, preparatory to the prosperity it was to enjoy under the early Song.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Srivijaya (1341 words)

	Gary Dean - Importance & Consequences of Trade in Southeast Asia till 1870
		Srivijaya's role or activity could have been more that of a toll-keeper, rather than trader, controlling as it did the important trade between the Middle East, India and China through its control of the Straits.
		Indeed, Srivijaya was the forerunner of later maritime powers that gained their wealth through their control of the sea routes.
		Whilst Srivijaya and Malacca waned as trading powers, their influence has carried on to the present day in the form of a trading language, Malay, that spread throughout the coastal regions of island Southeast Asia, and of course became the basis of the modern national languages of Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore.
	www.okusi.net /garydean/works/seatrade.html (1901 words)

	Srivijaya information - Search.com
		Srivijaya, Shri Bhoja, Sri Boja or Shri Vijaya (200s-1400) was an ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago.
		According to the Kedukan Bukit Inscription, the Kingdom of Srivijaya was founded by Dapunta Hyang Çri Yacanaca.
		In 1025, Rajendra Chola, the Chola king of Coromandel, conquered Kedah from Srivijaya.
	www.search.com /reference/Srivijaya (1166 words)

	History of Malaysia at AllExperts
		The site of Srivijaya has never been found, but it was probably at the mouth of one of the rivers in eastern Sumatra, possibly near Palembang.
		The port of Melaka (traditionally spelt Malacca) on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula was founded around 1400 by Parameswara, a rebel prince of the Srivijaya royal line, claimed in Sejarah Melayu to be a descendant of Alexander the Great.
		It rapidly assumed the place previously held by Srivijaya, establishing independent relations with China, and exploiting its position dominating the Straits to control the China-India maritime trade, which became increasingly important when the Mongol conquests closed the overland route between China and the west.
	en.allexperts.com /e/h/hi/history_of_malaysia.htm (8186 words)

	Srivijaya: The First Indonesian State
		Srivijaya was one of the first important states to be based in the Indonesian archipelago.
		The basis of Srivijaya was almost wholly that of maritime trade.
		Combining these sources, a picture of Srivijaya is revealed of a Buddhist society with a high degree of learning of Sanskrit - the ancient Indian language that is so important in understanding ancient Buddhist texts.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/east_asian_history/104474 (525 words)

	The Kingdom of Srivijaya
		Srivijaya was a maritime kingdom of Sumatra that existed from circa 500 CE until the late 1300's
		Srivijaya controlled the Strait of Malacca, and expanded into the mainland of Indochina, where the city of Chaiya (Surat Thani province in Southern Thailand) was probably at the very least a regional capital.
		In 1006, Srivijaya attacked and captured Mataram; razing its palace, and killing its king and many others, although a 15 year old boy, Airlangga, managed to flee.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Article/543335 (1002 words)

	Srivijaya: A primer - Part 1 \| SEAArch - The Southeast Asian Archaeology Newsblog
		The kingdom of Srivijaya, a name which translates to “shining victory”, was a Malay polity centred in Palembang in south Sumatra.
		Srivijaya’s prominent role in the Buddhist world can be found in several inscriptions around Asia: an inscription in Nalanda dated 850-860 AD described how a temple was built in Nalanda at the request of a king of Srivijaya.
		Srivijaya’s wide influence in the region was a mixture of diplomacy and conquest, but ultimately operated like a federation of port-city kingdoms.
	www.southeastasianarchaeology.com /2007/06/07/srivijaya-a-primer-part-1 (817 words)

	Antara Kita:
		They provide much the same information regarding Srivijayaâs history as other sites, but in addition they include population figures, geographical details and economic statistics that would be useful in a project dealing with a comparison of Srivijaya and present day Indonesia.
		Srivijaya presents an interesting historical conundrum in that it is relatively well-known but there is little substantive work available on much of its history.
		These are O.W. Woltersâ The Fall of Srivijaya in Malay History and Early Indonesian Commerce: A Study of the Origins of Srivijaya and The Politics of Expansion: the Chola Conquest of Sri Lanka and Sri Vijaya by George W. Spencer.
	www.antarakita.net /articles/srivijaya.html (3310 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Srivijaya
		Srivijaya was thalassocratic; it is assumed, that she controlled long coastlines and river banks, but that her influence did not extend much into the interior.
		A number of inscriptions recording military campaigns, within the sphere of power of Srivijaya, lead to the assumption that many of them were punitive expditions to force renegade rulers back into the fold rather than attempts to expand the Empire.
		In 1025, Srivijaya was raided by the Indian Cholas.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/seasia/srivijaya.html (617 words)

	Architektura - Srivijaya
		Zatímco centrální roviny ovlivňoval buddhistický směr Théraváda a období Dvaravati, oblasti ležící dále na severu a jižní Thajsko bylo ovlivněno buddhistickým směrem Mahayana panujícím v království Srivijaya.
		Chrámový komplex je zrestaurovaný, ale stále zde lze vysledovat vliv období Srivijaya s ornamenty na čedí a menšími čedí v každém z rohů komplexu.
		Nejkrásnější sochy bódhisattvů z období království Srivijaya jsou z bronzu ulité skulptury vykazující půvab a eleganci díky jemným záhybům takovou měrou, že se řadí mezi nejkrásnější sochy, které kdy v Thajsku vznikly.
	www.thajsko.com /architektura/srivijaya/srivijaya.htm (319 words)

	Srivijaya Details, Meaning Srivijaya Article and Explanation Guide
		Srivijaya (-jaya meaning success or excellence) was an ancient kingdom on the island of Sumatra which was to influence much of Indonesia, the Malay peninsula, and the Philippines.
		His recordings are one of the rare sources about the early times of Srivijaya.
		By 1414 Parameswara, the last prince of Srivijaya converted to Islam, and started the Sultanate of Malacca on the Malay peninsula, which would fall August 24th 1511 to the Portuguese.
	www.e-paranoids.com /s/sr/srivijaya.html (424 words)

	Malaysia's History : journeymalaysia.com
		Srivijaya, centred around Palembang and South East Sumatra, exercised suzerainty over the Melaka Straits from the 7th Century to about the 13th Century.
		Srivijaya's rise was due to China's patronage and its willingness to acknowledge China's suzerainty over a period of time.
		Its dominance in the Melaka Straits grew with Melaka's acceptance of Srivijaya's overlordship.
	www.journeymalaysia.com /M_malayhistory.htm (2295 words)

	kohsamui.com - Briza Beach Resort & Spa
		Inspired by the great Srivijaya Empire, which flourished along the shores and among the islands of Southeast Asia a few centuries ago, the resort is a haven of ease and tranquility.
		Indications are strong that the Pale bang region of south Sumatra formed the heartland of the kingdom.....
		With same conceptual design and decoration of Srivijaya Pool Villa but has more beneficial of space in living room with air conditioned and can change to be either relaxation room or bedroom depends on the guest's desire.
	www.kohsamui.com /thebriza/index.html (1905 words)

	Malaysia
		Srivijaya was able to transship a volume of Chinese goods--tea, silks, porclain, and silver, as far west as Arabia.
		Srivijaya evolved from a trading kingdom into a Hindu-Buddhist state, with a hierarchy resembling that of an Indian principality.
		Srivijaya lost control in the fourteenth century when it was successively challenged by other kingdoms.
	www.hawaii.edu /cseas/pubs/malaysia/malaysia.html (4361 words)

	The Anthropogene
		Srivijaya was ideally situated to monopolize the maritime trade of the
		Srivijaya dominated the trade in the eastern seas from the seventh to the thirteenth centuries.
		Srivijaya lacked agricultural space for rice, and the entire Indonesian archipelago has suffered drought and famine to the present day from the weather pattern known as El Nino, but the Kingdom would find a way around this problem later in it's existence through the establishment of agrarian realms in central and eastern Java.
	webpages.charter.net /anthropogene/arc_vol1_is7.html (1309 words)

	History of Southeast Asia at AllExperts
		Srivijaya was also a notable centre of Vajrayana Buddhist learning and influence.
		Srivijaya's wealth and influence faded when changes in nautical technology in the tenth century CE enabled Chinese and Indian merchants to ship cargo directly between their countries and also enabled the Chola state in southern India to carry out a series of destructive attacks on Srivijaya's possessions, ending Palembang's entrepot function.
		Islam spread throughout the archipelago in the 13th and 14th century at the expense of Hinduism with Malacca functioning (after its rulers converted) as the center of Islam in the region.
	en.allexperts.com /e/h/hi/history_of_southeast_asia.htm (2319 words)

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