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Topic: Srivijayan

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Srivijaya

Majapahit Kingdom

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Hinduism in Southeast Asia

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	Srivijaya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Around year 500, Srivijayan roots begun to develop around present-day Palembang, Sumatra in Indonesia.
		In the first half of the tenth century, between the fall of Tang and the rise of Song, there was brisk trade between the overseas world and the Fujian kingdom of Min and the rich Guangdong kingdom of Nan Han.
		The Cholas continued a series of raids and conquests throughout what is now Indonesia and Malaysia for the next 20 years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Srivijaya (945 words)

	Indonesia Archaeology on the Net - Build an Indonesia Archaeology Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		All of their vassals and allies, on land and sea, were taught that the Srivijayan kings were sons of the gods, and that they had the power to strike down anyone guilty of treason.
		At first the Srivijayans could not resist this threat, but a few years later a second dynasty, the Sailendras, arose in Java.
		By 850 the Sailendra monarchs of Mataram had converted to the Saivite sect of Hinduism, which teaches that the king is an avatar or living incarnation of the god Shiva, and they started building Hindu temples to match Borobudur, 50 miles away.
	www.arkeologi.net /index1.php?id=view_news&ct_news=112 (1678 words)

	Majapahit Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It was preceded by the Srivijayan[?] kingdom, based in Palembang on the island of Sumatra.
		Gajah Madah[?], an ambitious Majapahit prime minister and regent from 1331 to 1364, extended the empire's rule to the surrounding islands.
		Although the Majapahit rulers extended their power over other islands and destroyed neighboring kingdoms, their focus seems to have been on controlling and gaining a larger share of the commercial trade that passed through the archipelago.
	www.termsdefined.net /ma/majapahit-empire.html (422 words)

	WHKMLA : History of Srivijaya
		Srivijaya was thalassocratic; it is assumed, that she controlled long coastlines and river banks, but that her influence did not extend much into the interior.
		A number of inscriptions recording military campaigns, within the sphere of power of Srivijaya, lead to the assumption that many of them were punitive expditions to force renegade rulers back into the fold rather than attempts to expand the Empire.
		Srivijayan trade may have profitted from the fact, that due to the wars and raids of the Huns (7th century), the silk road had become unsafe.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/seasia/srivijaya.html (617 words)

	History of Malaysia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first phase saw the domination of Hindu culture imported from India, which reached its peak in the great Srivijaya civilisation based in Sumatra, which ruled most of the Malay world from the 7th to the 14th centuries.
		The second phase began with the arrival of Islam, which began in the 10th century, and led to the conversion of most of the Malay-Indonesian world and the breakup of the Srivijayan empire into many smaller sultanates, the most prominent of which was the Melaka (Malacca).
		The port of Melaka (traditionally spelled Malacca) on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula was founded around 1400 by Parameswara, a rebel prince of the Srivijaya royal line, claimed in Sejarah Melayu to be a descendant of Alexander the Great.
	www.wikipedia.com /wiki/Malaysia/History (7733 words)

	The Nation: History: Background: Legendary Malay Kingdoms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		During 800 A.D., Langkasuka was conquered by the Srivijayan Empire of southern Sumatra.
		Towards the close of the 7th century, Srivijayan ships transported traders, travellers and monks to India and China, calling at the ports of Malayu, Kedah, Takuapa and Tioman.
		As her power and influence grew, Srivijaya attempted to monopolise trading activities in the region exacting heavy duties, tolls and tributes on the port-kingdoms under its sovereignty.
	www.windowstomalaysia.com.my /nation/11_1_3.htm (1731 words)

	Hinduism in Southeast Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hinduism in Southeast Asia influenced the Champa kingdom in Vietnam, the Srivijayan kingdom on Sumatra, the Singhasari kingdom and the Majapahit Empire based in Java, Bali, and a number of the islands of the Philippine archipelago.
		The last prince of the Srivijayan kingdom of Sumatra, after the loss to the Majapahit, converted to Islam in 1414, and founded the Sultanate of Malacca on the Straits of Malacca between Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula.
		As the Portuguese came to trade for spices, they began to ally with the Islamic powers, which did not help the Majapahit.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/hinduism_in_southeast_asia (854 words)

	Malaysia
		As the number of favors grew, indebtedness to the ruler spread until the relationship of a ruler to his subjects became an entrapment of favors and obligations.
		Tales of how Srivijayan rulers were descended from Alexander the Great in Asia Minor were told from one generation to the next.
		With such a volume of trade, and by sound management, Malacca developed into a bustling port, whose wealth from foreign commerce was envied by all.
	www.hawaii.edu /cseas/pubs/malaysia/malaysia.html (4361 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Srivijayan kingdom of Sumatra (200s — 1400s A.D.) was instrumental in bringing Hinduism to Indonesia and promoting it throughout the neighboring areas.
		Ironically, its decline began after a raid by pirates from the Chola kingdom of southern India, and was eventually overshadowed by the Javan kingdoms of Singhosari and Majapahit.
		Muslim traders and merchants brought Islam to the island and in 1414, and the last Hindu Srivijayan king converted to Islam and founded the Sultanate of Malacca on the Malay peninsula.
	www.hscsamskar.org /articles/12/1/Hinduism-in-Southeast-Asia/print/12 (989 words)

	SULTANATE OF MALACCA FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Portuguese invaded its capital in 1511 and in 1528, the Sultanate_of_Johor was established to succeed Malacca.
		Parameswara was a Hindu Srivijayan prince who escaped the Majapahit capture of Palembang.
		He then settled on Temasek island - now Singapore - where he briefly instituted himself as the regent there after killing a Siam representative, Temagi.
	www.palfacts.com /Sultanate_of_Malacca (908 words)

	Maritime Asia
		Extracts from PhD thesis on the 10th century Intan wreck, that of an Indonesian lash-lugged vessel voyaging between Srivijayan Sumatra and central or eastern Java.
		While the quality of iron from these smelters was on a par with that produced by larger smelters in rich ore areas, the iron was more expensive, requiring more fuel and labour to produce a unit of finished metal.
		Java is known to have large deposits of magnetite sands along its southern coast, which were perfectly suitable for early smelting, and yet there is no indication that Java ever produced iron.
	www.maritimeasia.ws /topic/iron.html (1198 words)

	Indo-Pacific Beads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Four sites are grouped together because there are analyses for them only from this program and consist of only a few analyses each.
		Sungai Mas, Malaysia, was a Srivijayan site, succeeding Kuala Selinsing as beadmaker in the region.
		Vijaya (modern Palembang, Sumatra, Indonesia) was the capital of the Srivijayan polity.
	www.beadbugle.com /html/indo-pacific_beads.html (2580 words)

	Blogger: Email Post to a Friend (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		During the 1390s, Parameswara, the last Srivijayan prince, fled to Temasek after being deposed by the Majapahit Empire.
		Parameswara held the island for a number of years, until further attacks from either the Majapahit or the Ayuthia Kingdom in Siam forced him to move on to Melaka.
		Following the decline of Srivijayan power, Temasek was alternately claimed by the Majapahit and the Siamese.
	www.blogger.com /email-post.g?blogID=12955639&postID=111634494575737897 (7240 words)

	Jolo - Chronology of Moro Resistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		and Lang-chia-shu (Langkasula) on his way to India to study Sanskrit and, upon return in 689, reported of fine Buddhist centers at these Srivijayan tributaries whose early contacts are traced to Nalanda Kingdom in the Indian Ganges delta.
		- Srivijaya Empire=s Melayu tributaries sought help from Chola rulers of India who threw off Srivijayan dominance throughout southeast Asia; Constant attacks on her empire were reported in 1017, 1025, and 1068.
		- The legendary 10-Datu-Contingent led by Srivijayan Raja Putih of North Borneo turned up before Panay Ati chief Marikudo who welcomed them [It must be noted that these Adatus@ were Austronesian chiefs and not heads of politically-organized states as claimed by Manila historians].
	www.waltokon.com /Jolo25a.html (921 words)

	Singapore Hotels - Singapore history since its early beginnings
		This description, would in the future, prove very offhand and unassuming, for even as Singapore entered the 14th century, it had gained might as part of the romantic, albeit tragic, Srivijayan Empire.
		And so, Singapore's modern day name was born out of a sighting believed to be a good omen, and the region was established as a trading post for the Srivijayan Empire.
		In the 18th century, the British were searching for a harbour in which to refit, provide for and protect their fleet of vessels.
	www-singapore.com /singaporehistory/singaporehistory4.html (657 words)

	Maritime Explorations
		While little of the hull remained, timber identification and structural details indicated that the ship was an Indonesian lashed-lug craft.
		She was probably bound from the Srivijayan capital, Palembang, to central or eastern Java.
		As the cargo was not too extensive, a low budget excavation was conducted from a modified fishing boat, with a second boat relaying the artefacts to Jakarta for conservation.
	maritime-explorations.com /intan.htm (330 words)

	Antara Kita:
		They provide much the same information regarding Srivijayaâs history as other sites, but in addition they include population figures, geographical details and economic statistics that would be useful in a project dealing with a comparison of Srivijaya and present day Indonesia.
		Perhaps the best resource for distinctly Srivijayan information can be found at www.hawaii.edu/cseas/pubs/Malaysia/malaysia.html.
		Somewhat more success was achieved in search topics of significant individuals involved in the study of Srivijayan history.
	www.antarakita.net /articles/srivijaya.html (3310 words)

	Lords of the Earth, Campaign 32: THE BIRTH OF MAGIC, Turn 0 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The people however, did not see enough difference between serving the Srivijayans or the people of Brunei as slaves and serving the city of Makakann as "citizens".
		Though he did watch the decreasing Srivijayan influence on his home island with more than a little interest..
		The King of Moluccas, after seeing to the trade of his nation, proceeded to order a great deal of improvements be made to the infrastructure of his nation.
	www.throneworld.com /lords/lote32/Newsfax/L32_Turn001.html (10047 words)

	www.sawadee-travel.com/province/Yala (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Among the priceless artifacts found here are Buddha images and other religious artifacts that originated from India during that time period.
		A small museum at the foot of the naga staircase leading up to the temple cave displays a collection of Srivijayan artifacts found in the area.
		Wat Phuttha Tiwat contains a 40-m high stupa (non-Thai chedi) that was built in the late 1980s with a modified Srivijayan design.
	www.sawadee-travel.com /PROVINCE/Yala.htm (494 words)

	history of malaysia explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Traders from many land were sent to Langkasuka, Kedah.
		By about A.D 900 most of the states came under the rule of the Srivijayan Empire based in Palembang, Indonesia.
		A Chola raid from India crippled the empire in 1025.
	www.geocities.com /history_malaysia (316 words)

	Songkhla National Museum
		However, the art also exhibits native cults which taken as a whole have been called Srivijayan art.
		Moreover, there are diverse schools of Srivijayan art, such as the school of the South, which is exemplified by objects displayed in this room.
		The way of life of upper class Thai people is exemplified by their furniture and household utensils consisting of a bed, a betel tray, niello ware, ceramic sets for food, a mirror and a cosmetic container.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/7153/songkha1.htm (894 words)

	SINGAPORE, A History of the Lion City
		From these accounts we know that many kingdoms claimed ownership of Singapore (or Temasek, as it was formerly known) at different times in history.
		The area was included as part of the Buddhist Srivijayan empire, which ruled from its base in Palembang (on the nearby island of Sumatra) from the seventh to thirteenth centuries, and which extended over much of the Malay peninsula.
		The Indian king Raja Cholan, a Hindu, is said to have occupied Singapore briefly during the eleventh century after a series of raids on the Srivijaya.
	www.hawaii.edu /cseas/pubs/singapore/singapore.html (8632 words)

	The medieval Tamil-language inscriptions in Southeast Asia and China.
		These were areas that lay outside of the core region controlled by Srivijaya, and over which even the later, similarly-structured Sultanate of Malacca had no direct control.
		This distribution is understandable: it is very unlikely, given the degree to which Srivijayan rulers depended financially upon their control of trade, that they would have invited into their core ports any competing groups with great economic leverage.
		The lesson of the history of later Malacca Straits states is that these trading polities were only stable as long as the majority of the wealth flowed through the hands of their rulers.
	www.ismaili.net /Source/0104c.html (10440 words)

	fechnerMEDIA: Production
		Our film will illustrate that Srivijaya today is not only present in archaeological sites, but is still living in the traditions of Indonesian People.
		From Sumatra we travel to Thailand, where also Inscriptions and buildings of the Srivijayan epoch have been discovered.
		We think that Srivijaya was not a single Kingdom, but a strategic, clever alliance of mighty rulers of the region.
	www.fechnermedia.de /english/production/production.html (1278 words)

	[No title]
		However, it was not the case since the story clearly indicates that the conqueror was from Ligor and not from Angkor.
		A Chinese text recorded that at the end of the tenth century, a Srivijayan ambassador sent to the court of China reported the attack and requested in vain support and protection.
		Feeling isolated and vulnerable, the Srivijaya court clearly was looking for a lucky break.
	home.att.net /~khmerheritage/NokorWat.html (2433 words)

	Airlangga History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		According to the Calcutta stone inscription of 1041 CE, Airlangga was born to Balinese King Udayana and his wife, Queen Mahendradatta, daughter of the King Dharmawangsa Teguh of eastern Java.
		The latter kingdom was destroyed in 1017, either by Srivijayan attack or due to internal friction.
		After two years in a hermitage, Airlangga set out in 1019 to restore the kingdom of King Dharmawangsa.
	www.bookrags.com /history/worldhistory/airlangga-ema-01 (255 words)

	Chronology of Asian maritime history
		Stuart Munro-Hay, Nakhon Sri Thammarat, 1.6 and 3.2, emphasizes that the stone was moved in the early C20th and provenance is confused, but that it tends to confirm Srivijayan activity in the region.
		C10th: The geographer Ibn Rusta recorded an island in the Riau or Lingga archipelago, whose ruler headed the Srivijayan army, famous for camphor and its ability to protect or harass passing ships.
		It also describes the Srivijayan government's monopoly over sandalwood exports, the Chinese Trade Office monopoly over frankincense imports, and the official fixing of commodity prices in the ports of Srivijaya.
	www.maritimeasia.ws /topic/chronology.html (14220 words)

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