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Topic: Srubna culture

	Andronovo culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The GGC, Cemetery H, Copper Hoard and PGW cultures are candidates for cultures associated with Indo-Aryan movements.
		In the Volga basin, interaction with the Srubna culture was the most intense and prolonged, and Federovo style pottery is found as far west as Volgograd.
		On its western border, it is succeeded by the Srubna culture, which partly derives from the Abashevo culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Andronovo_culture (1064 words)

	Srubna culture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Srubna culture (Зрубнá культ́ура, also Timber-grave culture), was a Late Bronze Age (16th-12th centuries BC) culture.
		It is a successor to the Yamna culture, the Catacomb culture and the Abashevo culture.
		The Srubna culture is succeeded by Scythians and Sarmatians in the 1st millennium BC, and by Khazars and Kipchaks in the first millennium AD.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Srubnaya (186 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Culture of Australia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The original culture of Australia can only be surmised: cultural patterns among the remote descendants of the first Australians cannot be assumed to be unchanged after 53,000 years of human habitation of the continent.
		Others seize eagerly on each small point of difference, and brandish relatively small parts of the Australian cultural experience (such as the poetry of Henry Lawson, Australian Rules football, or the pie floater) as if these were sufficient to demonstrate that a new and vital culture has emerged in the two centuries since European settlement.
		Finally, there is what might be termed a culturally agnostic view, which holds that endlessly debating Australian culture is futile and pointless, and that the important thing is to simply get on with living and creating it.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Culture_of_Australia (2889 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Indo-European languages
		Sredny Stog, Dnieper-Donets and Samara cultures, domestication of the horse.
		4000 - 3500: The Yamna culture (prototypical kurgan-building) emerges in the steppe, and the Maykop culture in the northern Caucasus.
		The Scythians supplant the Cimmerians (Srubna culture) in the Pontic steppe.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Indo-European_languages (2217 words)

	[ information-center.be \| Yamnaya Resources ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Characteristic for the culture are the inhumations in kurgans, (tumuli) in pit graves with the dead body placed in a supine position with bent knees.
		In its western range, it is succeeded by the Catacomb culture; in the east, by the Poltavka culture and the Srubna culture.
		The Yamna culture is identified with the late Proto-Indo-Europeans (PIE) in the Kurgan hypothesis of Marija Gimbutas.
	information-center.be /Yamnaya.html (264 words)

	Ebook More Info -Indo-European languages - Free For You. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sredny Stog culture, Dnieper-Donets culture and Samara culture cultures, domestication of the horse.
		- 4000 BC - 3500: The Yamna culture, the prototypical kurgan builders, emerges in the steppe, and the Maykop culture in the northern Caucasus (geographic region).
		Proto-Greek is spoken in the Balkans, Indo-Iranian languages north of the Caspian in the Sintashta-Petrovka culture.
	lmoney.org /en/Indo-European+languages (2364 words)

	Bronze Age Encyclopedia Articles @ Headed.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Unetice culture is followed by the middle Bronze Age (1600-1200 BC) Tumulus culture, which is characterised by inhumation burials in tumuli (barrows).
		The late Bronze Age urnfield culture, (1300 BC-700 BC) is characterized by cremation burials.
		The Beaker people displayed different behaviours from the earlier Neolithic people and cultural change was significant although integration is thought to have been peaceful as many of the early henge sites were seemingly adopted by the newcomers.
	www.headed.org /encyclopedia/Bronze_Age (1359 words)

	Indo-European languages Information Center - indo-european languages chart
		According to the Kurgan hypothesis, early PIE was spoken in the chalcolithic steppe cultures of the 5th millennium BC between the Black Sea and the Volga.
		4000–3500: The Yamna culture, the prototypical kurgan builders, emerges in the steppe, and the Maykop culture in the northern Caucasus.
		The Yamna culture is at its peak, representing the classical reconstructed Proto-Indo-European society, with stone idols, early two-wheeled proto-chariots, predominantly practicing animal husbandry, but also with permanent settlements and hillforts, subsisting on agriculture and fishing, along rivers.
	scipeeps.com /Sci-Linguistic_Topics_H_-_M/Indo-European_languages.html (1833 words)

	Ebook More Info -Cimmerian - Free For You. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Iranian theory, on the other hand, argues that the material culture of the Cimmerians in Asia Minor is indistinguishable from that of the contemporary Scythian s; furthermore, Assyrian Gimirri and Persian Saka are used synonymously in ancient Near eastern sources, most notably on the famous Behistun inscription.
		However, the ouster of the Catacomb culture is carbon-dated to the 2nd millennium BC, several hundred years before the Scythians are recorded as having appeared in Asia ; the conflicting timeframes are difficult to reconcile.
		It is, however, conceivable that a small-scale (in terms of population) 8th century " Thraco-Cimmerian " migration triggered cultural changes that contributed to the transformation of the Urnfield culture into the Hallstatt culture culture, ushering in the European Iron Age.
	cimmerian.en.lmoney.org (1853 words)

	Indo-European languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sredny Stog, Dnieper-Donets and Sarama cultures, domestication of the horse.
		Proto-Greek is spoken in the Balkans, Proto-Indo-Iranian north of the Caspian in the Sintashta-Petrovka culture.
		The Cimmerians (Srubna culture) are replaced by Scythians in the Pontic steppe.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/Indo-European_languages (1789 words)

	Sintashta-Petrovka peee.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		On its western fringes, it overlaps with the approximately contemporaneous, but distinct, Srubna culture in the Volga - Ural River interfluvial.
		It is famed for its grave-offerings, particularly chariot burials.
		The earliest historical peoples associated with the area are the Cimmerians and Saka / Scythians, appearing in Assyria n records after the decline of the Alekseyevka culture, migrating into the Ukraine from ca.
	sintashta.petrovka.en.peee.org (746 words)

	"Частые Курганы 2001"
		Chastiye is doubly interesting because so many cultures are in evidence and it is the first time the evolution and development of an individual cemetery has been studied.
		A Catacomb culture grave of the Middle Bronze Age was excavated this year, as was a mysterious religious sanctuary from this period.
		The final culture that has been excavated at Chastiye are a series of Turkic Kipchak (also called Polovtsy and Cuman) burials from the late 1200s.
	www.da.aaanet.ru /exped/ToddNotes.001.htm (1197 words)

	Nilo-Saharan oddd.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		From the C-Group culture the first kingdom to unify much of the region arose, the Kingdom of Kerma, named for its presumed capital at Kerma.
		Indo-Hittite/Srubna cultures).]] The Indo-European sub-branches are often classified in a Satem and a Centum group.
		- 4000–3500: The Yamna culture, the prototypical kurgan builders, emerges in the steppe, and the Maykop culture in the northern Caucasus.
	nilo.saharan.en.oddd.org (6879 words)

	Thraco-Cimmerian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It refers to 8th to 7th century BC cultures that intruded into Eastern Central Europe from the area north of the Black Sea.
		The latter are known from historical records to have invaded Anatolia around this period, while the Thracians are mentioned as far back as the Iliad and Odyssey, where they participate in the Trojan War; Thracologists and archaeologists generally trace back the Thracians to the Balkan/Carpatho-Danubian Chalcolithic period (Hoddinott et al.).
		It is sometimes assumed that the migration of the Cimmerians was triggered by an Iranian expansion, from the area of the former Srubna culture, into the steppes of what is now the Ukraine.
	www.goldengatecaus.com /topic/Thraco-Cimmerian (441 words)

	Germanic languages jerak.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Their common ancestor is Common Germanic, probably spoken in the mid- 1st millennium BC in Jastorf culture.
		The Western group would have formed in the late Pre-Roman Iron Age#Jastorf culture, the Eastern group may be derived from the 1st century dialect of Gotland (see Old Gutnish), leaving southern Sweden as the original location of the Northern group.
		The earliest coherent Germanic text preserved is the 4th century Gothic language translation of the New Testament by Ulfilas.
	germanic.languages.en.jerak.org (1576 words)

	abashevo culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Abashevo culture is a later bronze age (ca.
		Abashevo culture Abashevo culture is a later bronze age (ca.
		Abashevo culture ca 17th16th centuries BC a later bronze age archaeological culture found in the valleys of the Volga and Kama River north of the Samara...
	www.startupaudio.it /search/Abashevo-culture.htm (268 words)

	Pakistan encyclopedia : Cultural Information , Maps, Pakistan politics and officials, Pakistan History. Travel to ...
		Domestication of the horse, cattle, sheep and goat, use of plough and carts is attested.
		The Yamna culture is identified with the late Proto-Indo-Europeans in the Kurgan hypothesis of Marija Gimbutas.
		First in Eastern Europe remains of wheeled cart were found in "Storozhova mohyla" kurgan (Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, excavated by Trenozhkin O.I) associated with Yamna culture.
	www.pakistaneworld.com /wiki3-Yamna (291 words)

	Scythians
		They probably did live in the area north of the Black Sea, but attempts to define their original homeland more precisely by archaeological means, or even to fix the date of their expulsion from their country by the Scythians, have not so far been completely successful.
		One theory identifies them with what is known to archaeologists as the “Catacomb” culture.
		Some authorities identify them with “Thraco-Cimmerian” remains of the 8th–7th century BC found in the southwestern Ukraine and in central Europe; these may perhaps be looked upon as traces of the western branch of the Cimmerians, who, under fresh Scythian pressure, eventually invaded the Hungarian plain and survived there until about 500 BC.
	www.azargoshnasp.net /history/Scythians/Scythian.htm (1365 words)

	History_of_kazakhstan info here at en.40of100b.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Humans have inhabited present-day Kazakhstan since the earliest Stone Age, generally pursuing the nomadic pastoralism for which the region's climate and terrain are best suited.
		Prehistoric Bronze Age cultures that extended onto Kazakh territory include the Srubna culture, the Afanasevo culture and the Andronovo culture.
		The earliest well-documented state in the region was the Turkic Kaganate, or Gokturk, KÃ¶ktÃ¼rk state, established by the Ashina clan, which came into existence in the 6th century AD.
	en.40of100b.info /History_of_Kazakhstan (3813 words)

	The Definitive Guide to Indo-European languages XXXX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Archaic Proto-Indo-European languages occur in the Balkans (StarÄevo-KÃ¶rÃ¶s-Cris culture), in the Danube valley (Linear Pottery culture), and possibly in the Bug-Dniestr area (Eastern Linear pottery culture).
		Around 5000 BC: Archaic Proto-Indo-European splits into Northwestern Indo-European (the ancestor of Italic, Celtic, and Germanic), located in the Danube valley, Balkan Proto-Indo-European (corresponding to Gimbutas' Old European culture), and Early Steppe Proto-Indo-European (the ancestor of Tocharic).
		After 3000 BC: The individual families of Indo-European develop; except for the ones already mentioned, they all derive from Balkan Proto-Indo-European.
	www.xxxx.com /s/Indo-European_languages (2501 words)

	[ information-center.be \| Yamna Resources ] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Multiple graves have been found in these kurgans, often as later insertions.
		The Yamna culture in 4th millennium BC Europe
		Mallory, "Yamna Culture", Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997.
	information-center.be /Yamna.html (338 words)

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