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Topic: Castle of St Andrews

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	Travels in Scotland : St. Andrews Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Andrews Castle is not exactly a castle -- it is a sumptuous Bishop's residence.
		The castle was much damaged by cannon fire during the seige, and a unique mine and countermine were dug from the castle grounds.
		The ghost of the murdered bishop, dangled naked from the tower house, is supposed to haunt the castle.
	www.phouka.com /travel/castles/standrews/standrews.html (397 words)

	St. Andrew's Castle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Andrews was consecrated on July 5, 1318 by Bishop Wardlaw in the presence of King Robert the Bruce and it was recognized by a Papal Bull of Benedict XIII in 1413.
		Andrews was established as an Augustinian foundation and was used for over three hundred years, until it was destroyed during the Reformation.
		The Archbishop of St Andrews, Cardinal David Beaton (1494-1546), had the Protestant Preacher, George Wishart, taken to North Street in March 1546, where he was tied to a stake and burned alive.
	www.hauntedcastlesandhotels.com /Scotland/StAndrews.htm (1284 words)

	St Andrews Castle Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland
		As such, the Castle became the principal administrative centre of the Scottish Church and was the setting for some of the key events in Scottish history.
		His strong opposition to the marriage of the infant Mary, Queen of Scots to Prince Edward, son and heir of Henry VIII of England was a major factor leading to renewed warfare between the two countries in 1544.
		St Andrews Castle passed next to the illegitimate brother of the Regent Earl of Arran, Archbishop John Hamilton.
	www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk /standrews/standrewscastle (866 words)

	St Andrews Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland
		St Andrews is a place of pilgrimage for golfers from all over the world, and this is reflected in the golf and souvenir shops in the town, and in the quality and range of accommodation on offer.
		The extensive ruins of St Andrews Cathedral once the largest cathedral in Scotland, lie immediately to the east of the centre of the town, overlooking the harbour.
		St Andrews is also the finishing point for the Coast to Coast Walk from Oban, 128 miles to the west.
	www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk /standrews/standrews/index.html (686 words)

	St Andrews Castle & Mary, Queen of Scots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Arran then tried to break into the castle by digging a mine; the aim was to tunnel beneath the gatetower and cause the walls to collapse.
		The castle fell in July 1547 after a massive artillery bombardment by a French fleet under the prior of Capua, with additional firing from St Salvator's College and the cathedral priory.
		The castle's association with the Church was permanently severed in 1606 when it passed to the Earl of Dunbar, but it did later return to church control before finally falling into ruin after the ascendancy of William and Mary in 1689.
	www.marie-stuart.co.uk /Castles/StAndrews2.htm (301 words)

	The Union of The Crowns - St. Andrews Castle
		Andrews Castle is situated on a rocky promontory by the sea at St. Andrews' historic town, with a drop to the sea on three sides.
		The remaining ruins are mainly from the replacement castle built by Hamilton in the 16th century.
		The Castle is now under the care of Historic Scotland and it is open to the public all year round.
	www.unionofthecrowns.com /places/01 (123 words)

	CastleXplorer - St Andrews Castle
		The castle was the main residence of Scotland's leading churchmen, the bishops, and later the archbishops, of St Andrews.
		In the late 14th century the castle was rebuilt by Bishop Walter Trail, and it was his castle that became the basis for all later development.
		The castle had lost its importance, and by 1654 stone was being removed from the castle to repair the harbour.
	www.castlexplorer.co.uk /scotland/st-andrews/st-andrews.php (532 words)

	Illustrated Guide to Places to Visit - St Andrews Castle
		This is another castle perched on the top of a cliff, this time in the historic town of St Andrews with its University
		St Andrews has been the ecclesiastical centre for Scotland ever since a relic of St Andrew, brother of St Peter, found its way to the Pictish settlement of Kinrymont (the previous name for the hamlet which existed here, possibly as far back as the 4th century.
		During that time much of the original castle was destroyed and it is a building which was started at the end of the 14th century which we see today.
	www.rampantscotland.com /visit/blvisitstandrews.htm (361 words)

	St Andrews Links Trust - Welcome
		St Andrews has played a significant role in the history of Scotland since at least the 6th century.
		St Andrews Castle was the former Bishops' Palace, the residence of the Archbishops of St Andrews.
		The University of St Andrews was founded in 1411 and is the oldest in Scotland, and the third oldest in the UK.
	www.standrews.org.uk /welcome/the_town/history.html (318 words)

	St Andrews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		St Andrews is said to have become a bishopric in the 9th century, and when the Pictish and Scottish churches merged in 908, the primacy was transferred to it from Dunkeld, its bishop becoming thereafter known as "bishop" or "high bishop of Scotland" (ardepscop Alban).
		Currently (2006), St Andrews is part of the North East Fife Parliamentary Constituency, which is represented in the UK Parliament by Sir Menzies Campbell CBE QC MP and in the Scottish Parliament by Iain Smith MSP.
		According to a plaque in St Andrews, the first dollar symbol was cast in a type-foundry in Philadelphia in 1797 that belonged to a Scots emigrant John Baine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/St_Andrews (2433 words)

	St Andrews travel guide - Wikitravel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Royal Burgh of St Andrews [1] is a small town (population 18,000) in the Kingdom of Fife on the east coast of Scotland, facing the North Sea, and hosting the oldest university in Scotland.
		St Andrews was the Ecclesiastical Capital of Scotland before the reformation, and St Andrews Cathedral was the most important cathedral in Scotland.
		St Andrews is close to the larger cities of Dundee and Edinburgh.
	wikitravel.org /en/St_Andrews (1925 words)

	Visit St andrews on a highly personalized small group tour of Scotland.
		The history of St. Andrews is crowded with incidents which punctuate the cavalcade of Scottish history, and the growth of Scottish institutions and culture, with the names of famous prelates, martyrs and reformers and their deeds to be found in all quarters of the town.
		Of the many historical buildings of St. Andrews, first to be noted must be the Cathedral, which founded in 1160 and then consecrated in 1318, was by far the largest church in Scotland before its destruction at the reformation.
		St Andrews is ideally located for easy trips to the East Neuk, North Fife, Dunfermline, Culross, Perth, Edinburgh, Falkland Palace, and all of historic Fife and Perthshire.
	www.travel-st-andrews.50megs.com (586 words)

	St Andrews
		But St Andrews is renowned for more than the game it gave to the world and evidence of its long and at times turbulent history can be seen everywhere.
		For centuries St Andrews was also at the centre of the religious life of the nation and its now ruined cathedral was once the largest in the country.
		St Andrews Castle, perched on its promintory overlooking the sea, was the dramatic stage for several of the most notorious episodes of the Reformation.
	www.visitscotland.com /library/standrews (252 words)

	[No title]
		Scotland's oldest University is in St Andrews and dates from 1411 when it was established on the orders of Pope Gregory, today Prince William studies there.
		The Castle at St Andrews was built in 1200 and was intended to be a home as well as a fortress for the bishops of St Andrews.
		St Andrews is famous for being the home of the sport of golf.
	members.lycos.co.uk /escoces1966/StAndrews.htm (332 words)

	St Andrews Castle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		St Andrews Castle is a picturesque ruin located in the coastal Royal Burgh of St Andrews in Fife, Scotland.
		In 1445 the castle was the birthplace of James III of Scotland.
		Following this Protestant defeat, the castle was substantially rebuilt by Archbishop Hamilton, the illegitimate brother of Regent Arran and successor to Cardinal David Beaton.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/St_Andrews_Castle (1067 words)

	Traditions and Stories of Scottish Castles - St Andrews Castle
		The Castle was held by the English till 1305, when it was captured and held by the Scots for a short period, but was regained from them in 1306, and remained an English fortress till 1314, the year of the Battle of Bannockburn.
		The successor of Cardinal Beaten as Archbishop of St Andrews was John Hamilton, an illegitimate son of James Douglas, first Earl of Arran, and was born in 1511, was Abbot of Paisley, and afterwards Bishop of Dunkeld in 1546, and was translated to St Andrews in 1547 as Archbishop.
		The Castle came into the possession of the Protestants under the Regent Moray, and was used as a political prison by him and his successors as Regents, becoming, indeed, "the Bastile of Scotland." Though thus used as a secular prison, it was still a portion of the ecclesiastical property, and James VI.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/castles/standrews.htm (4876 words)

	Castle haunted castles Falkland Palace St Andrews Kellie Castle Fife Scotland
		St Andrews has its very own castle which is open daily between 9.30am and 4.30pm.
		Glamis Castle is the family home of the Earls of Strathmore and has been a royal residence since 1372.
		Though the castle is open to visitors it remains a family home, lived in and loved by the Strathmore family.
	www.standrews-golf.co.uk /localarea/castles.htm (141 words)

	St. Andrews, Lochleven Castle, And Dunfermline - Scotland
		At St. Andrews all roads seem to lead to the links; near by are the pavilions with their music, and the beach with its benches and its booths for the sale of ices and sweets; hotels and shops also face this open field, the starting-off place for the golfers.
		Old houses, gateways, walls, carvings, castle, cathedral, and university constitute the real town of St. Andrews, long the center of the Scottish Church, and the seat of one of Scotland's four oldest universities.
		Andrews Castle is very finely situated overhanging the sea, and like the majority of those in Scotland it has its host of memories.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles18/scotland-8.shtml (3195 words)

	St Andrews Castle
		While most of the existing castle dates from the 15th century the first recorded reference to St Andrews Castle is C 1190s.
		His opposition is considered to be one of the main factors that led to the warfare, of 1544, between Scotland and England known as the'rough wooing'.
		Wishart, born in 1513 in Angus, was educated in Aberdeen University and was initially charged with heresy for teaching the Greek New Testament while he was a schoolmaster in Montrose.
	members.tripod.com /CunninghamC/standrews/2aSt_Andrews_Castle.html (503 words)

	St Andrews Castle
		Towards the end of the fourteenth century Bishop Walter Trail ordered that the castle be rebuilt this was to be the basis of all further development of the castle.
		As the castle was the residence of the most powerful church leaders in the land it seen many important visitors among these was James I who received part of his education from Bishop Henry Wardlaw, who was later to found Scotland’s first University in 1410.
		Before his murder he had ordered that the castle be once again strengthened with the main entrance being moved from the fore tower to the south front.
	www.electricscotland.com /historic/castles/standrews.htm (473 words)

	Myres Castle - Luxury vacation rental castle near St Andrews Scotland
		In 1424, the land was acquired by the Duke of Albany; however, in 1425 the estates were forfeited to the crown.
		There are many forms of entertainment provided by the castle: a ceilidh (tradition music and dancing including a caller), a piper, a disco, fireside ghost stories, whiskey tasting and talk, murder mystery evening, fireworks.
		This castle has the original stone stairs and spiral stair cases, some of which are narrow and rather steep.
	www.gtunlimited.com /scotlandmyrescastlerental.html (1653 words)

	History of St Andrews - golf and town history,
		It is named St Andrews because the relics of the disciple St Andrew were said to have been brought here from Constantinople in the 8th century by a monk called St Regulus or St Rule.
		The cathedral and the castle are open to the public and looked after by Historic Scotland.
		St Andrews Links Trust was created by a second Act of Parliament to continue running the Links as public golf courses open to anyone.
	www.stayinstandrews.co.uk /history.html (455 words)

	Castle of St. Andrews \| Museum/Attraction Review \| St. Andrews \| Frommers.com
		This ruined 13th-century castle, eerily poised at the edge of the sea, boasts a bottle dungeon and secret passages.
		The reformers retained control of the castle for several months, until the Catholic forces of the earl of Arran laid siege.
		The (Protestant) defenders, in response, dug a tunnel ("a countermine") of their own, which intersected the first tunnel at a higher elevation, allowing the defenders to drop rocks, boiling oil, or whatever else on the attackers' heads.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/standrews/A29351.html (420 words)

	ICASTELLI.IT - St.Andrews Castle
		The first castle on this site probably dates from around 1200 - evidence in itself that the office was as much political as religious in medieval times.
		For example, it was the Archbishop of St Andrews who, in 1306, placed the Scottish Crown upon the head of Robert the Bruce at his coronation at Scone in defiance of Edward I, an act for which the Archbishop was later imprisoned.
		Over the centuries, the Castle has witnessed many conflicts and deeds of infamy, among them the martyrdom of George Wishart and the murder of Cardinal Beaton.
	www.icastelli.it /scotland/standrews.htm (163 words)

	St. Andrews Castle
		Andrews castle has been through many changes in ownership.
		The Scots retook the castle in 1314 but once again the English captured it in 1330.
		The other unusual attraction is the existence of a mine and countermine used when the castle was under siege in 1546-1547.
	www.darkisle.com /s/standrews/standrews.html (152 words)

	St. Andrews Church, Castle Combe
		Andrew's Church Castle Combe can be found in the centre of the lower village adjacent to the market cross,
		On the north side of the church is a superb monument of a Norman Knight – Sir Walter de Dunstanville, Baron of Castle Combe, who died in 1270, His crossed legs indicate that he went on two crusades.
		We do hope you will take time to come into the church while you are in Castle Combe and we look forward to welcoming you to our beautiful church, and to any of the services.
	freespace.virgin.net /lf.mackelden/Castle_Combe/standrews.html (286 words)

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