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Topic: Stack (computing)

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	Stack Computers: 1.4 WHY ARE STACKS USED IN COMPUTERS?
		With a local variable stack, space on the stack is reused as subroutines are called and the stack depth increases and decreases.
		The final common use for a stack in computing is as a subroutine parameter stack.
		It is common in register-based machines to see the local variable stack, parameter stack, and return address stack combined into a single stack of activation records, or "frames." In these machines, expression evaluation stacks are eliminated by the compiler, and instead registers are allocated to perform expression evaluation.
	www.ece.cmu.edu /~koopman/stack_computers/sec1_4.html (1018 words)

	Stack (computing) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stack, as a term in computing, refers to:
		Stack-based memory allocation as opposed to heap-based memory allocation in computing architecture
		Stack machine, a model of computation in which the computer's memory takes the form of one or more stacks
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stack_(computing) (165 words)

	stack (earth science) - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about stack (earth science)
		These stacks were once a part of the cliffs, but coastal erosion has separated them from the headland, and they are now islands.
		Stacks, such as this sea stack off the Dorset coast, are isolated upstanding rocks that are formed by erosion.
		The Needles, at the western extremity of the island, are sea-stacks formed principally of chalk and flint; the unmanned lighthouse is on the furthest rock.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /stack+(earth+science) (305 words)

	Stack - Computing Reference - eLook.org
		These allow a contiguous area of memory to be set aside for use as a stack and use either a special-purpose register or a general purpose register, chosen by the user, as a stack pointer.
		Although a stack may be considered an object by users, implementations of the object and its access details differ.
		In a list-based or functional language, a stack might be implemented as a linked list where a new stack is an empty list, push adds a new element to the head of the list and pop splits the list into its head (the popped element) and tail (the stack in its modified form).
	www.elook.org /computing/stack.htm (411 words)

	Stack Computers: 1.4 WHY ARE STACKS USED IN COMPUTERS? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		With a local variable stack, space on the stack is reused as subroutines are called and the stack depth increases and decreases.
		The final common use for a stack in computing is as a subroutine parameter stack.
		It is common in register-based machines to see the local variable stack, parameter stack, and return address stack combined into a single stack of activation records, or "frames." In these machines, expression evaluation stacks are eliminated by the compiler, and instead registers are allocated to perform expression evaluation.
	www.foo.be /docs/stack_computers/sec1_4.html (1018 words)

	[No title]
		As noted earlier, a stack is a memory area used to store data for local variables, function parameters, and the return address for function calls.
		Using the stack solves this problem, because the stack is large compared to the number of available registers, and the last-in-first-out (LIFO) nature of a stack fits well with nested function calls.
		The register stack serves a similar function as the memory stack in traditional processors, but the register stack is managed internally by the processor.
	www.intel.com /cd/software/products/apac/zho/compilers/20314.htm (2731 words)

	Computer programming - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
		Computer programming is the craft of writing useful, maintainable, and extensible instructions which can be interpreted by a computing system to perform a meaningful task.
		Programming a computer can be performed in one of numerous languages, ranging from a higher-level language to writing directly in low-level machine code (that is, code that more directly controls the specifics of the computer's hardware).
		Computer programming is one part of a much larger discipline known as software engineering.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Computer_programming (2147 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A stack is a region of memory in which stack frames may be allocated and deallocated.
		This is because references are maintained in the same stack used to hold references for the Java code and the Java VM uses an indicator in a special frame of Java code stack to control garbage collection of the native code objects.
		Stack map 422 indicates that slots S 1 and S4, and register R1, each marked by a"1,"have a pointer when execution of method 416 is at program counter value 10.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/10090.000224&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (7111 words)

	Quantum Consciousness
		The "pi stack" is the internal core (blue) of the DNA molecule made up of base pair purine and pyrimidine rings.
		The pi stack is comprised of the purine and pyrimidine ring structures of the base pairs which are always either Adenine (purine) and Thymine (pyrimidine, “A-T”), or Guanine (purine) and Cytosine (pyrimidine, “G-C”).
		Output of quantum computation would be manifest as the net electron interference pattern in the quantum state of the pi stack, regulating gene expression and other functions locally and nonlocally by radiation or entanglement.
	www.quantumconsciousness.org /views/QuantumComputingInDNA.html (609 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		computing device is connecte to a communication device, such as a bridge, using a plurality of connections to a
		that is a fault may develop on one of the connections between the computing device and the device but this would not totally disconnect the computing device from the network.
		from a particular computing device may not all be connecte to the same physical device in the stack.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/29072.990610&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2746 words)

	Glossary
		The computers in a cluster are not specialized to cluster computing and could in principle be used in isolation as stand alone computers.
		A type of parallel computing in which the concurrency is expressed by applying a single stream of instructions simultaneously to the elements of a data structure.
		In parallel computing, the term most often is used to refer to the time it takes to send an empty message over the communication medium, from the time the send routine is called to the time the empty message is received by the recipient.
	www.cise.ufl.edu /research/ParallelPatterns/glossary.htm (5022 words)

	Compressing Bytecodes
		I also performed a calculation of the current stack state (a computation of the number and types of values on the stack before executing each instruction).
		No backwards branches were considered, and I only remembered the stack state over one forward branch at any one time (because the decompressor has to duplicate this computation, it would be impossible to consider backward branches).
		Computing the stack information is also useful in compression references (§5).
	www.cs.umd.edu /users/pugh/java/latex2html/pack/node7.html (529 words)

	Say no to stack overflow
		Most developers are familiar with the testing-based approach to sizing stacks in which you initially pick a large estimate of stack size and refine the guess after observing stack depth during actual or simulated runs of the system.
		The second way to find the maximum size of the stack is the analysis-based approach, which looks at the flow of control through a system to find the path pushing the maximum amount of data onto the stack.
		Stack analysis has significant advantages over a purely testing-based approach because it provides rapid feedback to developers, identifies areas of the program that could benefit from optimization, and provides an upper bound on the worst-case stack depth, complementing the lower bound provided by testing.
	www.embedded.com /shared/printableArticle.jhtml?articleID=47101892 (3826 words)

	Digg - Next Generation Stack Computing
		Stack computers are fast and can run FORTH as the os and high level system.
		Backtracking is easy to implement on a stack processor, especially if the processor has two stacks (a data stack and a return stack); I've done it several different ways (although I admit that I've never written a backtracking optimizer, so I don't have practical experience in red-cut/green cut).
		A realistic stack processor has between 6 and 36 elements in each of its 2 on-chip stacks; no backtracking system will operate with only 36 levels of recursion (and that's ignoring the fact that you're working with stack frames, not simple return addresses).
	digg.com /hardware/Next_Generation_Stack_Computing_2 (3215 words)

	GPU : a Global Processing Unit - cluster software for P2P computing
		A plugin for computing the discrete logarithm in modulo arithmetic over large integers is implemented in the framework as an example for a working extension.
		Important distributed computing projects over the Internet, such as Seti@home [6] and the Cancer Research project [7], use a centralized architecture, called "client-server" architecture : one well known server distributes different chunks of data to all clients, while the clients get the data and perform a computation on that data.
		However, the first one leaves the whole computation to the virtual machine, while the second one only uses the virtual machine to find the appropriate compiled code among the plugins (in this case, the source code for the function pi is in greekpi.dll).
	gpu.sourceforge.net /distributed.php (5097 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Stack (computing)
		A stack-based computer system is one that is based on the use of stacks, rather than being register based.The two main operations applicable to a stack are:
		Stacks are either visualised growing from the bottom up (like real-world stacks, see image, or, with the top of the stack in a fixed position, a coin holder http://www.containerstore.com/browse/Product.jhtml?CATID=77006&PRODID=64041) or growing from left to right, so that "topmost" becomes "rightmost".
		In LISP there is no need to implement the stack, as the functions push and pop are available for any list.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Stack_(computing) (738 words)

	Stack computing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Look for Stack computing in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		Look for Stack computing in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
		Check for Stack computing in the deletion log, or visit its deletion vote page if it exists.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/stack__computing_ (146 words)

	IBM Research \| Projects \| Wearable Computing \| SoulPad
		The three-layer SoulPad software stack enables a paradigm of mobile computing where a user can suspend his computing environment on one PC and resume it on another PC that he may have never seen before.
		Since the SoulPad device carries the entire personal computing state of a user, it is important that the storage capacity of the device be large enough to hold all of the content that the user needs.
		Given the popularity of laptop computers, we believe that the capacities of USB hard disks are adequate for a majority of the user population.
	www.research.ibm.com /WearableComputing/SoulPad/soulpad.html (753 words)

	Define stack - a Whatis.com definition
		(1) TCP/IP is frequently referred to as a "stack." This refers to the layers (TCP, IP, and sometimes others) through which all data passes at both client and server ends of a data exchange.
		The term "stack" is sometimes used to include utilities that support the layers of TCP/IP.
		The IBM Dictionary of Computing says that a stack is always a push-down list, meaning that as new requests come in, they push down the old ones.
	searchsmb.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid44_gci213047,00.html (289 words)

	stack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Stack (data structure), a temporary data structure based on Last in, First out (LIFO); Call stack of a program,...
		The STACK project aims to generate a comprehensive representation of the sequence of...
		This means that all 250 bytes after buffer in the stack are being overwritten.
	www.hotvsnot.com /search/?s=stack (326 words)

	IT Manager's Journal \| How will Cell chip stack up against x86 computing? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Nevertheless, the company recently indicated, according to a source attending an IBM briefing at LinuxWorld, that nearly 40 percent of its revenue from Linux was from non x86 chips.
		Kay said the popularity of a computing or home entertainment device platform is much more dependent upon cost, user preferences, and the richness of the ecosystem around a platform.
		A more intriguing question from Reynolds was how Cell will stack up against the processing power of the next-generation Xbox, which will, interestingly, be powered by IBM silicon as well.
	analysis.itmanagersjournal.com /analysis/05/02/18/0050206.shtml?tid=104 (945 words)

	AdaCore - Home > GNAT Pro > Add-on Technologies > Stack Analysis Tool - GNATstack
		The computed bounds can be used to ensure that sufficient space is reserved, thus guaranteeing safe execution with respect to stack usage.
		The main output of the tool is the worst-case stack requirements for every entry point, together with the paths that lead to these stack needs.
		The list of entry points can be automatically computed (all the tasks, including the environment task) or can be specified by the user (a list of entry points or all the subprograms matching a certain regular expression).
	www.adacore.com /home/gnatpro/add-on_technologies/stack_analysis (430 words)

	Untitled Document
		In these newer processors, it is even necessary to compute table look-up addresses by keeping the index value in one register and the base address of the table in another.
		The superior efficiency of stack-based computing has been demonstrated in computing theory, and popular languages are not uncommonly implemented using data stacks.
		(See www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~koopman/stack_computers/supp.html for a list of commercially-available stack machines.) While stack machines have not caught on for embedded computing, the underlying theory of stack computing, and the elegance known to their enthusiasts, suggests that they eventually will be rediscovered.
	www.analogzone.com /col_1028a.htm (1358 words)

	Stack
		This class reflects a view of a stack as a kind of list, albeit one with some unique operations (push, pop, etc.), and in which some of the traditional list operations (find, delete, etc.) do nothing.
		This stack class is the one described in Chapter 12, including full implementations of some methods that were "left to an exercise" in the text.
		This message has a precondition that the stack is not empty.
	www.charlesriver.com /algorithms/doc/geneseo/cs/sc/Stack.html (308 words)

	Type Enforcement technology: Secure Computing
		Secure Computing has achieved this level of reliability by combining application-layer gateway and VPN technology with our own patented Type Enforcement® technology.
		Sidewinder architecture takes full advantage of the Type Enforcement mechanism to compartmentalize the system, much the way that the bulkheads in a ship separate the hold into compartments so that a break in one compartment does not result in the complete loss of function, or in the compromise of other compartments.
		(Stack overrun attacks are the best known example of these, as stated on page 2.) In an HTTP overrun attack, the attacker feeds the Web server a URL that fills up the HTTP process’s stack and overflows into memory space that contains the attacker’s code.
	www.securecomputing.com /index.cfm?sKey=738 (2919 words)

	Bluetooth: Unifying the Telecommunications and Computing Industries > The protocol stack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Bluetooth stack is defined as a series of layers, though there are some features which cross several layers.
		Since the reference model is an ideal, well-partitioned stack, the comparison serves to highlight the division of responsibility in the Bluetooth stack.
		The higher layers of the protocol stack also use up some of the bandwidth, so at the application level, the maximum data rate could be around 650 kb/s.
	www.phptr.com /articles/article.asp?p=27591&seqNum=5 (2277 words)

	HyperBibTeX
		The user can have as many bibliography stacks as desired, but only one copy each of the Utilities and Help stacks need be maintained on the user's system.
		When you close a stack, you are prompted to make a back-up copy if more than one day has passed since the last back-up.
		For example, if you want the stack sorted by author but cards with the same author to be subsorted by date, then first sort on the Year field and then sort again on the Author field.
	www.sil.org /computing/hyperbibtex (3897 words)

	Topspin Communications, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This combination is critical for building high-performance computing clusters capable of delivering the performance of traditional supercomputers at a fraction of the cost.
		Topspin is a systems company that provides the foundation for switched computing, a new computing model enabling industry-standard computing resources to be rapidly deployed to match the dynamic needs of business applications.
		CTC is a high-performance computing and interdisciplinary research center located on the Ithaca campus of Cornell University with additional offices in Manhattan.
	www.topspin.com /news/pressrelease/pr_091603.html (640 words)

	[No title]
		In this case, control returns to the caller, the right values are returned and put in the right memory locations, the stack frame is popped from the activation stack and processing continues.
		Some time (frame allocation and stack management), and some space (the stack of frames) plus some complication in the code that must be generated by the compiler and the services that must be provided by the operating system.
		Also, the stack frames need not be of uniform size, so pushing and popping may require a bit more information saved in the frame itself (like where the previous one begins).
	www.cs.uml.edu /~giam/CS2/Lectures/Lect7/Lecture7.ppt (695 words)

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