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Topic: Stadholder

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	William II, Stadholder - Rijksmuseum Amsterdam - National Museum for Art and History
		Various conflicts between William II and his opponents during his period as stadholder dampened enthusiasm for the appointment of a successor at his death.
		Stadholderless Period (1650-1672)A series of bitter conflicts with Stadholder William II led the province of Holland to oppose the appointment of a successor after the latter's death in 1650.
		The States General resolved that it was not constitutionally necessary for a province to appoint a stadholder.
	www.rijksmuseum.nl /aria/aria_encyclopedia/00047526?lang=en (229 words)

	E-Books : Life of John of Barneveld, 1609-23: 17: Chapter XVII - Historical Text Archive
		Sir John Ogle had flatly refused to act in opposition to the Stadholder and the States-General, whom he recognized as his lawful superiors and masters, and he warned Ledenberg and his companions as to the perilous nature of the course which they were pursuing.
		Yet the Stadholder with the consummate art which characterized all his military manoeuvres had so admirably carried out his measure that not a shot was fired, not a blow given, not a single burgher disturbed in his peaceful slumbers.
		The Prince was accused of aiming at the sovereignty of the whole country, and one of his grief's against the Advocate was that he had begged the Princess-Widow, Louise de Coligny, to warn her son-in-law of the dangers of such ambition.
	www.historicaltextarchive.com /books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=35&cid=17 (3105 words)

	Some expressions
		The stadholders, military commanders, were servants of the Estates, but because the stadholdership of wealthy Holland traditionally belonged to the Orange family, the prince of Orange could be very powerful.
		William of Orange was made stadholder and although he was no match for the French generals, admiral Michiel de Ruyter defeated the English and in the end, a daring expedition to Bonn by prince William forced the bishop of Cologne to leave the coalition.
		As king of England and stadholder of Holland, he forged an anti-French coalition that was able to overcome the French attempt, in the War of Spanish Succession, to gain supremacy in Europe.
	www.livius.org /bn-bz/bruijn/dutch.html (1251 words)

	William III, Stadholder-King - Rijksmuseum Amsterdam - National Museum for Art and History
		After the latter died, it was decided that there would be no successor at all.
		The temporary post of commander of the army was followed by an appointment as stadholder and captain general of the army and navy.
		The invading armies were repelled, due in part to William's military and diplomatic victories.
	www.rijksmuseum.nl /aria/aria_encyclopedia/00046842?lang=en (287 words)

	The Dutch Patriot Movement of the 1780s
		The corrupt Stadholder would be removed and new leadership would be infused into the stifling regent class, making the nation vital and powerful again.
		the Stadholder had intended this operation to be a show of force that would intimidate the Patriots, <67> but naturally, the opposite happened.
		The unity and resolve of the burghers was strengthened.
	www.loyno.edu /~history/journal/1986-7/botticelli.htm (4955 words)

	Prussian Invasion of the Netherlands, 1787
		Prince WILLEM V. of Orange, Stadholder of Holland etc., was married to Princess WILHELMINA OF PRUSSIA.
		In 1781, with the publication of the pamphlet "Aan het Volk van Nederland" the PATRIOT movement began which pushed for a thorough reform of state and society in the Netherlands.
		In May 1787, the stadholder's troops were defeated by Free Corps from the city of Utrecht near VREESWIJK.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/18cen/patriotcrushing.html (509 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Den Haag - The Free Provinces of the Netherlands
		A marriage was then arranged, by her mother and the Stadholder of the Spanish Netherlands, Filips van Croy, to Maurits van Nassau; it was to be a boon to her family's fortunes and a further bond between Spain and their servant in Den Haag.
		[x]Maurits von Nassau, Stadholder of the Free Provinces of the Netherlands.
		The Heir of His Excellency, the Stadholder Maurits van Nassau, Frederick Willem of the Haus Nassau-Oranje, shall be joined unto Maria Elisabeth, Princess of Sweden and daughter of Duke Karl of Sodermanland of the Haus Vasa, Riksföreståndare of the Kingdom of Sweden by the year of our lord, 1613.
	forum.paradoxplaza.com /forum/showthread.php?t=250681 (9785 words)

	History of Holland - Chapter X: From the End of the Twelve Years’ Truce to the Peace of Muenster (by George ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The stadholder now, and throughout his last campaigns, was no longer physically the same man as in the days when his skilful generalship had saved the Dutch republic from overthrow; he had lost the brilliant energy of youth.
		He was elected Stadholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland and Overyssel, and was appointed Captain-General and Admiral-General of the Union and head of the Council of State.
		The stadholder, however, was not deterred by the obstacles in his way; and the diplomatic skill and adroitness of Aerssens, aided by his own tact and firmness of will, overcame the scruples of Richelieu.
	www.authorama.com /history-of-holland-12.html (7498 words)

	Tweede Kamer - Stadholder’s Room (Stadhouderskamer) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Despite some technical improvements, the Stadholder's Room is almost in the original state.
		The room was used by the stadholder as study and to receive guests.
		Nowadays the President of the House uses the Stadholder's Room for receptions.
	www.houseofrepresentatives.nl /the_tweede_kamer_present_and_past/virtual_tour/stadholder_s_room/index.jsp (79 words)

	Dutch Stadholders
		The first question about the stadholders will always be: 'What is a stadholder?' Originally the stadholder was a kind of governor of a Dutch province.
		Of course some of the Dutch states considered themselves to be above him and the stadholder to be the first servant of the state, but this could have very little meaning when the stadholder had to appoint them to their offices.
		The Stadholder's power also varied from province to province and in some of them had a solid foundation on feudal rights.
	www.spanishsuccession.nl /dutchstadholders.html (143 words)

	History of the Netherlands - 1672
		Grand Pensionary Johan de Witt was a fierce opponent of the powerful House of Orange and took the side of those who wished to abolish the post of Stadholder, while the clergy and the proletariat were enthusiastic supporters of the House of Orange.
		The States of Holland enacted an 'Eternal Edict' proclaiming the abolition of the post of Stadholder and effectively stripping the House of Orange of all its powers.
		This frustrated the ambitions of William III, who was now old enough to lay claim to the command of the armed forces and the title of Stadholder.
	www.minbuza.nl /history/en/oorlog,1672.html (667 words)

	Introduction - Chapter Three
		The daughters of the Blakeneys of Sussex are still married in the lace veil worn by Gilda Beresteyn on her wedding day; the sons of the Blakes of Haarlem show pridefully the sword of Bucephalus with the petals of blood-rust upon its blade.
		He certainly had succeeded in warning the Stadholder, but he was now powerless to help Gilda, who was trapped in the snares of the plotters; both she and he were at Stoutenberg's mercy.
		And the father, proud of his only son, and knowing how high Diogenes stood in the Stadholder's esteem, led him to the king, and it was agreed that Percy should lead the Embassy to Holland, not as a poor vagrant, but as the representative of a mighty nation.
	www.blakeneymanor.com /books/gay/gchp3.html (3492 words)

	[No title]
		The stadholder ordered a cannonade, less with the hope of producing an impression by such inadequate means on so strong a work, than with the intention of showing the enemy that he had brought field-guns with him, and was not merely on an accidental foray.
		The stadholder reached the bank of that fatal stream only to witness this maddening spectacle, instead of the swift and brilliant triumph which he was justified in expecting.
		Yet, after all, it seems certain that, with the stadholder's limited means, and with the awful consequences to the country of a total defeat in the open field, the Fabian tactics, which he had now deliberately adopted, were the most reasonable.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext04/jm77v10.txt (16522 words)

	TABLE OF CONTENTS
		The army of the Stadholder was of first-rate quality, strongly attached to a leader, who, though a stern disciplinarian, knew how to win the hearts of his soldiers by freely sharing their dangers and fatigues.
		This was a great triumph for the Stadholder, for the eyes of all Europe had for months been fixed upon the siege of Hertogenbosch, and his position both at home and abroad was greatly strengthened by this fine feat of arms.
		Amsterdam took the lead in urging the Provincial States to assert their prerogatives in the face of the Stadholder and the Generality, and it must be said that the town was no less ready to defy the Provincial States in their turn whenever there was any question of an infringement of its own privileges.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh424.html (16965 words)

	AllRefer.com - stadholder Information
		Originally provincial leaders appointed by the central government, stadholders were subsequently elected in the newly independent Dutch republic.
		For much of their existence they competed with the States General (parliament) for control of the country.
		The stadholders later became dominated by the house of Orange-Nassau.
	www.allrefer.com /stadholder (140 words)

	Dutch Royal Genealogy from Count Johann V of Nassau to Queen Beatrix of The Netherlands
		Willem Frederik of Nassau-Dietz (1613-1664), stadholder of Frisia 1640, Groningen and Drenthe 1650, heir.
		Maria (1539-1599) married 1556 Willem IV of 's-Heerenberg (1537-1586), stadholder of Guelders and Zutphen 1581-1583.
		Willem V Batavus of Orange-Nassau (1748-1806), stadholder of The Netherlands 1751-1795 (deposed), married 1767 Wilhelmina "Willemijntje" of Prussia (1751-1820).
	www.xs4all.nl /~kvenjb/genealogy_nl/nassau/nassau_tekst.htm (4401 words)

	Anglo-Dutch union/connection - Alternate History Discussion Board
		His experience as a stadholder during his princehood was the second reason he was retained as stadholder.
		The remaining provinces where William is not stadholder follow suit and William V becomes the first stadholder of all 7 provinces.
		In London King and Stadholder John II, getting on in life, welcomed his Hanoverian cousin and declared that Britain and the Netherlands (for which he spoke as Stadholder) would be in the fight against France for as long as it took and that Hanover, indeed Europe, would be free of French rule.
	www.alternatehistory.net /discussion/showthread.php?t=1777 (13180 words)

	Chapter XIX - THE KING-STADHOLDER, 1688-1702 \| Learn Dutch
		This state of prosperity, which was largely due to the security which the close alliance with England brought to the Republic, explains in no small measure the acquiescence of the Dutch in a state of things which made the smaller country almost a dependency of the larger.
		They were proud that their stadholder should reign as king in Britain; and his prolonged absences did not diminish their strong attachment to him or lessen his authority among them.
		In his mind, everything else was subordinate to the one and overruling purpose of his life, the overthrow of the power of Louis XIV and of French ascendancy in Europe.
	www.learn-dutch.info /h19-king-stadholder (4052 words)

	Memory of the Netherlands - Background - The involvement of the Dutch in the American War of Independence
		The two-centuries-old political system of the Republic, with its specific roles for the States General, the Pensionary of State and the Stadholder (the Prince of Holland), was starting to crack.
		When Wilhelmina, the wife of stadholder Willem V, set out in 1787 to stir the Orangists in The Hague into action against the Patriots, something unprecedented happened.
		The Patriot militias were shoved aside without difficulty by the Prussian grenadiers, the stadholder's authority was restored and thousands of Patriots fled the country.
	www.kb.nl /coop/geheugen/extra/tentoonstellingen/atlanticworld4EN/tentoon3.html (656 words)

	History of Holland - Chapter XVIII (by George Edmundson) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In Utrecht, Gelderland and Overyssel we have the curious spectacle in the days of William III of the stadholder, who was nominally a servant of the Sovereign Estates, himself appointing his masters.
		On the morning of August 14 D’Estrades came personally to bring the news to Luxemburg; and the French marshal was on the point of forwarding the message to the Dutch camp, when he heard that Orange was advancing with his army to attack him, and he felt that honour compelled him to accept the challenge.
		The stadholder felt that he was able to rely upon the willing co-operation of the States in his project.
	www.authorama.com /history-of-holland-20.html (6198 words)

	BBC NI - Learning - William and the Netherlands
		In 1672 he was appointed Captain-General and Stadholder, in which capacity he led the Dutch armed forces to glory in their battle against the invading French.
		The most remarkable was the concentration of power in the hands of the Stadholder; a semi-monarchical figure, chief commander of the armed forces and navy, with a right to sit in the Council of State and appoint people for office both at a provincial level as well as in city councils.
		Everyone realised that a strong man was needed in times of crisis, but the proud, rich and independent regents and merchants loathed the stadholderly authority, especially after two decades of republican government between 1650 and 1672.
	www.bbc.co.uk /northernireland/learning/william/netherlands2.shtml (711 words)

	William of Orange
		The one man whom God used to thwart these papal purposes was William III of the house of Orange, Stadholder in Holland.
		However, the appointment was not to include Stadholder, even though his father and grandfather had held both positions.
		Although the Dutch navy was able to hold England at bay and prevent an immediate invasion from across the channel, William had all he could do to slow the French advance.
	www.prca.org /books/portraits/orange.htm (2249 words)

	[No title]
		As it happens, the kermis of 1781 was the last one at which a stadholder of the Republic could relax with his family among a Dutch crowd.
		On September 26th of that year, a pamphlet entitled To the Netherlands people gave the impulse to a revolutionary movement that was not to abate until Willem was driven out of the country on January 18, 1795 (See nr.
		It is something of an historical wonder that in 1815 a prince of Orange once more ruled the country, as King Willem I. We see him here, on the eve of the great cataclysm, as the nine-year-old son of the last stadholder.
	www.lycos.com /info/dutch-art--jan-vermeer.html (336 words)

	Schulers Books (The Life of John of Barneveld, 1618 - 1/14)
		The oath of the soldiery, since the foundation of the Republic, had been to maintain obedience and fidelity to the States-General, the Stadholder, and the province in which they were garrisoned, and at whose expense they were paid.
		In the one was a heap of parchments, gold chains, and magisterial robes; the whole bundle being marked the "holy right of each city." In the other lay a big square, solid, ironclasped volume, marked "Institutes of Calvin." Each scale was respectively watched by Gomarus and by Arminius.
		The judges, gowned, furred, and ruffed, were looking decorously on, when suddenly the Stadholder, in full military attire, was seen rushing into the apartment and flinging his sword into the scale with the Institutes.
	www.schulers.com /books/jo/l/The_Life_of_John_of_Barneveld__1618 (1426 words)

	The Dutch Royal House
		In 1747 Prince William IV became the first stadholder of all the provinces of the Republic.
		Previously he had been stadholder of Groningen and Gelderland.
		During this same time, the office of stadholder was made hereditary in the House of Orange, in both the male and female line.
	www.koninklijkhuis.nl /english/content.jsp?objectid=13358 (97 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Essays: The United States of America and the Netherlands: The Dutch and the American ...
		A few ruling families ran the country on a patriarchal basis, with a Prince of Orange as stadholder.
		However, the States-General, overriding the Stadholder's reluctance to offend England, immediately reinstated him as Governor of St. Eustatius.
		The Stadholder was a friend and relative of the English king.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/E/newnetherlands/nl8.htm (1042 words)

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