The standardized form of spoken Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect, a member of the Mandarin group; it is described in the article âStandardMandarinâ.
StandardMandarin is the official language of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan, as well as one of four official languages of Singapore.
Spoken in the form of StandardCantonese, Chinese is one of the official languages of Hong Kong (together with English) and of Macau (together with Portuguese).
The origins of Cantonese (also known as Yue) are not known due to absence of reliable historical records, however, it is generally agreed that Cantonese had acquired linguistics traits distinguishing it from other Chinese dialects by the time of the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD).
Cantonese is a tonal language which means that the meaning of words is affected by the pitch with which they are spoken.
Cantonese is considered to be a Category III language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
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Hanyu Pinyin was adopted in 1979 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) as the standardromanization for modern Chinese (ISO-7098:1991).
The primary purpose of pinyin in Chinese schools is to teach StandardMandarin pronunciation.
For speakers of other Chinese spokenvariants who do not speak StandardMandarin, pinyin is unsuitable for use in reading and writing because these sounds do not correspond to their speech.
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The Chinese language, spoken in the form of StandardMandarin, is the official language of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan, as well as one of four official languages of Singapore, and one of six official languages of the United Nations.
StandardMandarin is based on the Beijing dialect, which is the dialect of Mandarin as spoken in Beijing, and the governments intend for speakers of all Chinese speech varieties to use it as a common language of communication.
Cantonese is unique among non-Mandarin regional languages in having a widely used written colloquial standard with a large number of unofficial characters for words particular to this variety of Chinese.
Cantonese is one of the major dialect groups or languages of the Chinese language or language family.
Although StandardMandarin (Putonghua/guoyu) is the standard and official language in mainland China and Taiwan and is spoken by nearly everyone in addition to their native local dialects (which includes Cantonese in Guangdong), Cantonese is one of the main languages in many overseas Chinese communities including Hong Kong, South-east Asia, North America, and Europe.
Cantonese is generally considered to have 6 or 7 tones, the choice depending on whether a traditional distinction between a high-level and a high-falling tone is observed; the two tones in question have largely merged into a single, high-level tone, especially in Hong Kong Cantonese.
Standardcantonese is based on guangzhoudialect but I don't think there is any difference between the hong kong pure version versus the guangzhou version.
The primary differences between the two are that Standard Urdū is written in Nastaliq script and draws heavily on Persian and Arabic vocabulary, while standard Hindi is written in Devanāgarī and has supplemented some of its Persian and Arabic vocabulary with words from Sanskrit.
The standardized form of spoken Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect, a member of the Mandarin group.
Standard Italian was strongly influenced by the Tuscan dialect and is somewhat intermediate between Italo-Dalmatian languages of the South and Gallo-Italian languages of the North.
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In the sense that the written language is based on StandardMandarin and the dialects are mostly spoken but not written, the situation in China is a complex and interesting case of diglossia.
In China, a single cultural and literary standard (Classical Chinese and later, Vernacular Chinese) continued to exist while the spoken language continued to diverge between different cities and counties, much as European languages diverged, due to the scale of the country, and the obstruction of communication by geography.
In China, standardization of spokendialects was weaker, and mostly due to cultural influence.
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StandardMandarin is the official standard language used by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, and Singapore.
This is partly because all speakers of different varieties of Chinese use one formal standardwritten language, although this written language in modern times is itself based on one variety of spoken Chinese.
Cantonese is unique among non-Mandarin regional languages in having a written colloquial standard, used in Hong Kong and by non-Standard Mandarin speaking Cantonese speakers overseas, with a large number of unofficial characters for words particular to this variety of Chinese.
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Colloquial Cantonese is written with a mixture of standard Chinese characters and hundreds of extra characters invented specifically for Cantonese.
Cantonese and Mandarin are not mutually intelligible although they are still close enough that their speakers would recognize occasional words and phrases in each other's languages.
Cantonese is much closer to classical Chinese, and in that sense it most certainly was NOT written first in the 19th century -- try the 6th.
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Not only do they greatly differ in pronunciation, but there is about a 25% to 50% difference in their grammar and vocabulary, a difference notable enough to raise a doubt as to whether all Chinese dialects come from the same language family.
Spoken in the form of StandardCantonese, Chinese is one of the official languages of Hong Kong (together with English) and of Macau (together with Portuguese) and is a spoken language in Singapore (together with Mandarin, English, Bahasa Melayu (i.e.
Among Chinese diaspora, Cantonese is the most common language one can hear in Chinatowns, thanks to early immigrants from Southern China.
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Standardwritten Chinese is understandable to all Chinese dialects.
A Cantonese speaker can understand the Mandarin speaker's Chinese translation because the translation is in standardwritten Chinese.
Under these circumstances, the written Chinese translated by the Cantonese speaker will not be understandable to a Mandarin speaker, or to other Chinese with other dialects.
With the advent of the computer and standardization of character sets specifically for Cantonese, many printed materials in predominantly Cantonesespoken areas of the world are written to cater to their population with these writtenCantonese characters.
There are even differences between StandardChinese and vernacularMandarin, but the differences are not as dramatic as in Cantonese depending on which type of cantonese yo are using at the moment.
The disappearance of Cantonese would be a terrible tragedy, but I suspect that it will always be vibrant thanks to its population base in Hong Kong and Guangdong, not to mention the prolific Cantonese film industry.
A Cantonese coworker once told me that her non-Cantonese Chinese husband could read the news section of San Francisco Chinese newspapers but not the entertainment section, as the entertainment section was written in colloquial Cantonese.
The real dialects are CantoneseMandarin, HokkienMandarin, etc. For example, in Taiwan shi and si are not differentiated by most speakers, which causes occasional problems and probably changes use of vocabulary somewhat.
It is of utmost importance to have a standard orthography when writing another language in your native alphabet.
Thus, Cantonesestandard orthographies are being brought forth, and a formal grammatical system is being put together.
In the meantime, many Cantonese speakers are using their own personal (logical) orthographies, thus causing massive confusion as to how to spell and pronounce Cantonese words, written in the Roman alphabet.
Regional variation between different variants/dialects is comparable to the Romance language family; many variants of spoken Chinese are different enough to be mutually incomprehensible.
There are between six and twelve main regional groups (depending on classification scheme), of which the most populous are Mandarin, Wu, and Cantonese, in that order.
StandardMandarin is the official language of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan, as well as one of four official languages of Singapore (together with English, Malay, and Tamil).
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Toishanese, though the term is also used to refer to just the StandardCantonese of Guangzhou and Hong Kong.
Cantonese characters are often used for formal occasions, within the PRC a character set closer to Mandarin tends
StandardMandarin will be the only form of speech that everyone understands.
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As for whether Cantonese is considered a dialect of Chinese, that is only by non-linguists, as from a linguistic standpoint Cantonese is a language, and Chinese is a language *group*.
The standard language is just one dialect of the language, and as any dialect it does not have sharply defined boundaries as to what is acceptable and what is not in it.
This is much like the use of writtenstandard Hochdeutsch in German-speaking areas of Switzerland today, where the primary written language is standard Hochdeutsch, and Swiss German dialects are not used in formal writing, even though in most non-formal contexts primarily Swiss German dialects are actually spoken.