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Topic: Standard Fruit Company

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	Honduras
		After the turn of the century, The United Fruit Company and the Standard Fruit and Steamship Company expanded their control over the rich alluvial plains of Honduras' Atlantic coast.
		A second result was that the population of the coastal regions became predominately West Indian, since the U.S. companies preferred to hire English speaking laborers.
		In Honduras, as elsewhere in Central America, the banana companies had begun to return some of their lands to the government, but continued to market the bananas grown by small farmers or peasant cooperatives on the returned lands.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/afburns/afrotrop/Honduras.htm (664 words)

	United Fruit Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The United Fruit Company (1899–1970) was a major American corporation that traded tropical fruit (primarily bananas and pineapples) grown in Third World plantations and sold in the United States and Europe.
		Company holdings in Cuba, which included sugar mills in the Oriente region of the island, were expropriated by the 1959 revolutionary government led by Fidel Castro.
		The United Fruit Company was frequently denounced by leftist leaders and intellectuals, who accused it of bribing government officials in exchange for preferential treatment, exploiting its workers, contributing little by way of taxes to the countries in which it operated, and working ruthlessly to consolidate monopolies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_Fruit_Company (2100 words)

	United Fruit Company - Chronology
		United Fruit Company signs an ninety-nine year concession with Guatemala President General Jorge Ubico and opens its second plantation in the country in the region of Tiquisate.
		The United Fruit Company agrees to sign a consent decrees that allows the company to admit to no wrongdoing but still allows the government to force several important changes to the structure of the company.
		The company starts and investigation on the employees involved in the case, avoiding a sue from the Europeans due to its voluntary acknowledgement of the problem.
	www.unitedfruit.org /chron.htm (7780 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Soluri, Banana Cultures
		In the early twentieth century, the fruit companies responded to Panama disease, a soil-borne pathogen, by practicing what I call "shifting plantation agriculture," abandoning infected soils and removing infrastructure for reuse in areas where the disease was not present.
		For writers who have portrayed the fruit companies as introducing advances in agriculture, medicine, education, and economic organization, small-scale cultivators and their low-input agricultural methods have often symbolized the non-modern "other" with which the virtues of the banana companies' modernizing projects are contrasted.
		On the other hand, it suggests that the United Fruit Company was unable to establish an absolute monopoly in Honduras such as it enjoyed in Guatemala and Costa Rica during the first half of the twentieth century.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exsolban.html (6324 words)

	Nicaragua News - A Newsletter by Richard Leonardi
		For most of the first half of the 20th century, United Fruit and newer fruit growers like Standard Fruit bought up hundreds of thousands of hectares of Central American land, most of which was home to rich and diverse tropical ecosystems.
		Standard Fruit, like all volume banana growers, had been fighting a century long war against pests that attack the banana tree and at the same time adhering to increasingly stringent cosmetic standards needed to sell the fruit in European and North American markets.
		In a letter from Dow Chemical to Standard Fruit, signed on February 8, 1978, by then executive vice-president of Dow, E. Barner (typed on Dow stationary that featured the slogan, "Life is Fragile, Handle it with Care), Dow outlined the real dangers of their brand of DBCP, called Fumazone.
	www.nicaraguaphoto.com /essays/update_nicaraguaMar2003.shtml (5530 words)

	Standard Fruit Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Along with the United Fruit Company, Standard Fruit played a significant role in the governments of Honduras and other Central American countries, which became known as "banana republics" because of the highly favorable treatment the fruit companies were given.
		In 1926 the company changed its name from Standard Fruit Company to Standard Fruit and Steamship Company.
		Between 1964 and 1968 the company was acquired by the Castle and Cooke Corporation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standard_Fruit_Company (262 words)

	Banana Plantations in Central America
		These independent growers formed contracts with the fruit companies agreeing to sell their fruit only to the transnationals, who would be in charge of transport, marketing, and distribution abroad.
		Banana companies have used this to their advantage, receiving large tracts of land at little to no cost, low export taxes, and immunity from labor and environmental laws.
		United Fruit’s campaign was a success, and in 1954, the CIA led a coup in Guatemala which overthrew the Arbenz government and replaced him with a president who returned all of United Fruit’s landholdings.
	members.tripod.com /foro_emaus/BanPlantsCA.htm (4663 words)

	Musa (bananas) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Countries with these plantations were effectively controlled by this company and became known as 'banana republics', and the term is now generally used in a derogatory way to refer to small tropical countries that depend on foreign investment.
		The approach of the United Fruit Company was to abandon plantations where the fungus had become established (or grow some other crop on them) and start new plantations on virgin land.
		Another fruit company called the Standard Fruit Company, operating initially from Honduras, solved the fungus problem by growing the non-susceptible Cavendish clone and developing methods of breaking the banana bunches into hands and packing these in cardboard boxes for shipping, thus solving the shipping issue for this particular clone.
	www.museums.org.za /bio/plants/musaceae/musa.htm (833 words)

	The World Banana Economy, 1985-2002
		United Fruit Company had bought 50 percent of Elders and Fyffes in 1903 and the outstanding shares in 1910, which means that Fyffes had been a subsidiary of Chiquita for 83 years.
		This reputation was born of many things, including allegations of the Company’s participation in labor rights suppression in Colombia in 1928 and involvement in a government overthrow in Guatemala in 1954, as well as its involvement in a bribery scandal in Honduras in 1975.
		Of the 3 founders of the United Fruit Company (UFC), one, Lorenzo Baker, was a sailing captain, while another one Keith Minor, was involved in building a railway in Costa Rica.
	www.fao.org /docrep/007/y5102e/y5102e09.htm (9007 words)

	October 29, 1999, Standard Fruit Cuts Back 30%, For the first time in over a decade, multinational banana grower ...
		October 29, 1999, Standard Fruit Cuts Back 30%, For the first time in over a decade, multinational banana grower Standard Fruit Company is cutting back operations in Costa Rica, blaming the drastic 30 percent reduction on a surplus of bananas that has affected the internat
		For the first time in over a decade, multinational banana grower Standard Fruit Company is cutting back operations in Costa Rica, blaming the drastic 30 percent reduction on a surplus of bananas that has affected the international market since April.
		The drop is due to the excess of fruit being diverted to the U.S. because of quota restrictions imposed by the European Union.
	www.ticotimes.net /archive/10_29_99_6.htm (746 words)

	Corporate accountability The South
		Domingo Castro Alfaro struck down a doctrine, known as forum non conveniens, which allowed judges to dismiss suits by foreign plaintiffs on the grounds that the forum or court that the plaintiff had chosen was not convenient or proper because the injury or death took place elsewhere.
		Lawyers for the victims of the 1984 explosion at the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal, India are already considering refiling their claims in Texas courts and Alfaro's lawyer is representing another 220 plaintiffs in similar suits against Dow, Shell and Standard Fruit Company.
		Standard Fruit was left out of the original case for fear that workers still employed by the company would face retaliation.
	www.bhopal.net /oldsite/oldwebsite/dowcorpacc.html (1121 words)

	City of Dipolog : Dipolog Fruits 2
		Contrasting the marang's robust aroma, the fruit is succulent and mildly flavoured, quite suiting the palate of the uninitiated Westerners.The fruit is regarded as superior to both jackfruit and chempedak The internal structure is similar to the jackfruit's.
		It was taken to the Philippines near the end of the 16th Century; to the Dutch East Indies by 1750 and Mauritius in 1780; was first brought to Singapore between 1830 and 1840 but has never become common in Malaya.
		Bu-ongon (Citrus maxima) Pummelo This, the largest citrus fruit, is known in the western world mainly as the principal ancestor of the grapefruit.
	www.dipolognon.com /dipologcitycom/Fruits2.htm (1024 words)

	International Committee in Solidarity with the Victims of Nemagon
		The conscious decision by the companies to conceal any warnings was done without any regard for the farm workers, their families or the ecosystem where the chemical was used.
		Each of these companies has denied the legality of the case on fallacious grounds, and are calling for a new trial in the U.S. The Nicaraguan workers' suit is not the first to seek compensation for harm caused by DBCP.
		In 2003, the Dole Food Company contended that fraudulent claims had been made by the victims and filed a countersuit in late December against the workers, their legal representatives, and the doctors who evaluated the patients' health.
	www.opticalrealities.org /Nicaragua/NemagonAction.html (1441 words)

	Standard Fruit Company Receives ISO 14001 Certification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Standard Fruit Company de Costa Rica S.A. has become the first banana exporter and the first agricultural producer in the world to receive the certification of its Environmental Management System (EMS) under the standards of International Standards Organization (ISO) 14001.
		The International Certification Service (SGS) has certified the banana export operation of Standard Fruit Company de Costa Rica S.A., which encompasses the 8000 hectares of owned and affiliate farms and the 8200 hectares of farms owned by independent producers that export bananas under the DOLE label.
		Some of the standards ev aluated in the audit by SGS included solid and liquid waste management, careful application and management of crop protection products, strict control over worker occupational and safety conditions, constant worker training, reforestation projects, and environmental protection in general.
	www.ots.ac.cr /en/liana/fall98/standard.htm (149 words)

	Case Study
		The importation of this pesticide from America during the 1970's and 1980's is leading to serious litigation disputes, for Costa Rican plantation workers are joining with their counterparts from other developing nations in suing the American Companies for compensation for the irreversible biological damage caused by the use of this pesticide.
		In Costa Rica, massive mono-cultural banana plantations were established at the turn of the century by the United Fruit Company and have been a leading agricultural sector in the country for many decades.
		(Standard Fruit immediately shipped the remaining inventory to Honduras) However, action was taken too late, and hundreds of Costa Rican banana workers were eventually found to have irreversible sterility.
	www.american.edu /TED/costpest.htm (3024 words)

	revdbcp
		These workers were hired by US-based corporations such as Standard Fruit Company, Chiquita Brands and Del Monte Fresh Produce, as well as by the Costa Rican Ministry of Agriculture’s commercial banana project at the "Los Diamantes" Experimental Station.
		Due to its attractive low price, Standard Fruit promised to assume the responsibility for any future lawsuits in exchange for an ongoing supply of the pesticide.
		The principal demand of those affected is a payment as compensation, to be provided by the agrochemical and banana companies that are responsible for the problem.
	members.tripod.com /foro_emaus/revdbcp.htm (1918 words)

	The Banana Industry
		The participation of strike participants, a concert until dawn, a march and other actions are on the agenda, to celebrate May 1st and to pay homage to one of the most important actions of political resistance in the history of the country.
		Repression of social movement leaders and organizers by State and company forces, especially along the north coast, has been on the rise, to the extent that human rights organizations compare the phenomenon to the repression and state terrorism of the 1980s under the National Security Doctrine.
		The lands owned by these transnational fruit companies, many of which were granted as concessions by a series of banana industry-propped governments in the early 20th century, have included massive tracts of idle land.
	www.globalexchange.org /countries/americas/honduras/Banana.html (1524 words)

	Jamaica Producers Group - History
		The company was formed with the courageous objective of protecting the Co-operative and the local banana industry from demise owing to fierce competition from the large foreign-owned fruit companies in the shipping and marketing of Jamaican bananas.
		The major consequence of the work of this Commission was an Agreement with the United Fruit Company and the Standard Fruit and Steamship Company, which modified the fierce competition that existed between them and JBPA, thereby assuring the continued existence of the Association.
		JP Fruit Distributors Ltd. was established in the United Kingdom as a separate entity of the JP Group.
	www.jpjamaica.com /History.asp (1253 words)

	The Tico Times Online Daily Page
		Acting quickly to end the banana workers' strike at the Atlantic Port of Moín, the Labor Ministry yesterday sent Vice-Minister Fernando Trejos to negotiate a temporary agreement between dock workers and the management of Standard Fruit Company, which produces Dole brand bananas.
		The conflict delayed the loading and export of approximately 540,000 crates of bananas - most of which belonged to Standard Fruit.
		Standard Fruit agreed to recognize the new union and will grant its leaders the licenses to negotiate wages, Pacheco said yesterday.
	www.ticotimes.net /dailyarchive/2003_02/Week3/02_19_03.htm (1280 words)

	Welcome to Tulane Special Collections
		The Association was the major force responsible tot he creation of a standardized waterway along the Gulf Coast and has been active in getting federal, state, local and private support for the maintenance and extension of the canal.
		Papers covering all aspects of the operations of Standard Fruit Company including the records of subsidiary shipping companies.
		While Standard Fruit never equaled the Great White Fleet of United Fruit, it did operate over thirty ships in the Gulf of Mexico.
	www.tulane.edu /~lmiller/Transportation.html (1492 words)

	americas.org - Costa Rica From Below (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Ngobe people, split by the border with Panama and by the fences that the transnational banana plantations have erected and expanded, explain that their principle struggle is to take back their land.
		They were now barren lands that, years before, had been monopolized by the Standard Fruit Company although this land was not within the thousands of hectares the government gave Standard Fruit in 1967.
		In 2003, by request of Standard Fruit, the Costa Rican government sent hundreds of police to evict them, this time with machines that destroyed their houses and crops.
	www.americas.org /item_16447 (837 words)

	Honduras This Week Online Business & Economics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Latin-American countries are afraid that the American companies will abandon them to install themselves in Africa, where their exports will have no tax.
		The president of the Standard Fruit Company expressed scepticism regarding the imposing of a 150 euros tax, almost similar to the amount of dollars imposed to the export of a ton of bananas as of 2006.
		According to Brunelld, the cost of the licenses sold by European companies is added to this cipher, the cost of the freight and specified fees applied to the exporting countries.
	www.marrder.com /htw/2004jul/business.htm (353 words)

	Norman Manley
		When a local banana grower's group was formed to establish a banana shipping company, he was asked to draft it laws.
		It was out of Norman Washington Manley's skillful negotiation with the United Fruit Company and Standard Fruit Company, then the two largest multi-nationals in the world that Jamaica Welfare was born.
		As he described it "the proposal was that the United Fruit Company would set aside one cent per stem exported from Jamaica to form a fund to be administered by me for the good and welfare of the people of Jamaica with emphasis on the rural people".
	www.moec.gov.jm /heroes/manley.htm (660 words)

	VivaCentralAmerica.com - Honduras Real Estate, La Ceiba, Roatan, Bay Islands
		It had its early economic strength from the large fruit companies including Standard Fruit Company that operated here with pineapple, banana, and coconut plantations.
		Tela is a turn of the century (19th) fruit company town noted for a broad harbor beach and the focus of the Honduran government’s tourism plans with a 8 km long project to offer villas, 27 holes golf course and five star hotels.
		On the mainland, kayaking is in the lagoons such as the "land time forgot" Cuero y Salado Reserve outside of La Ceiba (accessed by an old Standard Fruit train) or Punto Izopo Reserve near Tela.
	www.honduras-realestate.com /honduras.htm (969 words)

	Responsible Shopper Profile: Chiquita Brands
		Chiquita's predecessor, United Fruit Company, used its political might to convince the U.S. to topple the popularly elected government of Guatemala in the 1950s.
		The company still faces criminal charges for using toxic agrochemicals known to cause sterility and birth defects on Central American banana farms a decade after the substances were banned in the US.
		The suit accuses the companies of using dibromochloropropane on bananas in Central America after it was banned in the U.S. in 1979.
	www.coopamerica.org /programs/rs/profile.cfm?id=202 (1488 words)

	Banana
		The major transnational banana companies at present are Chiquita Brands International (previously United Fruit Company), Dole Food Company (previously Standard Fruit Company) and Fresh Del Monte Produce.
		Other two strong banana companies are Fyffes, the leader European fresh produce distributor, and Noboa Corporation (Bonita brand), the leader exporter in Ecuador.
		They are diversifying away from bananas into other fruits, as well as to other areas in Africa or Asia, moving to niche markets as organic bananas or developing alliances with strategic European operators.
	r0.unctad.org /infocomm/anglais/banana/companies.htm (585 words)

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