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Topic: Standard Generalised Markup Language

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	Overview of SGML Resources
		SGML, Standard Generalized Markup Language, is an enabling technology used in applications such as HTML.
		SGML archive at the University of Oslo, Norway.
		This is the working group for such ISO standards as SGML, HyTime, and DSSSL.
	www.w3.org /MarkUp/SGML (254 words)

	Cover Pages: Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)
		Both SGML and XML are "meta" languages because they are used for defining markup languages.
		A markup language defined using SGML or XML has a specific vocabulary (labels for elements and attributes) and a declared syntax (grammar defining the hierarchy and other features).
		SGML is more customizable (thus flexible and more "powerful") at the expense of being (much) more expensive to implement.
	www.sil.org /sgml/sgml.html (230 words)

	Standard Generalized Markup Language from FOLDOC
		SGML is an International Standard that describes the relationship between a document's content and its structure.
		SGML is sometimes compared to SQL, in that it enables companies to structure information in documents in an open fashion, so that it can be accessed or re-used by any SGML-aware application across multiple platforms.
		SGML is defined in "ISO 8879:1986 Information processing -- Text and office systems -- Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)", an ISO standard produced by JTC 1/SC 18 and amended by "Amendment 1:1988".
	foldoc.org /foldoc/foldoc.cgi?SGML (704 words)

	The evolution of web documents: from SGML to XML (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The evolution of markup languages can be traced from the inception of the Standard Generalised Markup Language (SGML) for publishing documents, through to the markup language of HTML for web developers, and finally to the advent of XML for the interchange of business documents.
		SGML became an ISO standard in 1986 and was developed as a "meta-language".
		SGML is derived from generic coding but with two significant differences; it embodies the rules of custom-made, extensible tag sets that can be validated through the utilisation of a Data Definition Type (DTD).
	www.ecominfo.net /xml/arts/webster_sgml.htm (1034 words)

	4.5.4 Document oriented solutions
		These consist of markup languages which are focused on describing entire documents rather than individual pages.
		Although SGML predates the Web (and indeed was hinted at as early as 1970 [Goldfarb, 1997]) it has been taken up fairly slowly.
		HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is formally defined in terms of the ISO Standardised Generalised Markup Language (SGML) as a specialised DTD.
	andrew.treloar.net /research/theses/phd/thesis-91.shtml (1176 words)

	WDVL: SGML
		SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) is an international standard formally called ISO 8879 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
		XML (Extensible Markup Language) is defined by W3C to be an ISO compliant subset of SGML.
		SGML 101 is a short overview of SGML.
	www.wdvl.com /Authoring/Languages/SGML.html (518 words)

	iX 6/1997, S. 106: Web languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		HTML has become the standard language for the WWW and after a phase of turbulent development in the middle of the 90s is now on its way to becoming a confirmed industry standard.
		The infamous ISO 8879 standard, better known as Standard Generalised Markup Language, provides an architecture using which documents can be prepared for any medium without the structure of the data they contain being lost.
		The language formalised in the DTD should, according to true XML teachings, be oriented to the structure of the data contained in the document, not to the output medium.
	www.heise.de /ix/artikel/E/1997/06/106 (3710 words)

	STAND from FOLDOC
		Standards are necessary for interworking, portability, and reusability.
		Andrew Tanenbaum, in his Computer Networks book, once said, "The nice thing about standards is that there are so many of them to choose from", a reference to the fact that competing standards become a source of confusion, division, obsolescence, and duplication of effort instead of an enhancement to the usefulness of products.
		Standard ML of New Jersey is an optimising native-code compiler for Standard ML that is written in Standard ML.
	www.instantweb.com /d/dictionary/foldoc.cgi?query=STAND (1613 words)

	The CoverPages
		Organizers for Extreme Markup 2005 have issued a renewed call for papers in connection with the August 1-5, 2005 peer-reviewed technical conference, to be held in Montreal, Canada.
		A new Open Standards Alliance became active on September 14, 2004 at the close of an inaugural meeting convened under the title "Open Source, Open Standards." The group is being constituted as a 501(c)3 not-for-profit organization aimed at bridging the gap between standards bodies, software developers, and software users (consumers).
		It describes the structure, content, construction, and semantics of language tags for use in cases where it is desirable to indicate the language used in an information object.
	www.sil.org /sgml (15895 words)

	Standard Generalised Markup Language--New Directions in Electronic Publishing
		SGML is a language for creating and expressing markup schemes for defining document structures such as graphics, captions, headers and footers, and various section headings.
		While SGML is indeed becoming a de facto standard, its retrieval abilities are a direct result of its ability to define an entire document structure.
		SGML supports interoperability--a file can be moved from one application to another without losing its structure-and supports the idea of a repository.
	www.river-valley.com /river/prof3bse5.html (1486 words)

	ETCSL: SGML-XML markup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		SGML, the Standard Generalised Markup Language, is an international standard (ISO 8879: 1986) for writing tagging languages which describe the structure, rather than the visual appearance, of texts.
		SGML works by means of Document Type Definitions (DTDs) which prescribes the order, hierarchy and frequency of the elements of a text, and the writing system used.
		At the end of the first phase of the project in the spring of 2001 all SGML versions of the compositions then edited were deposited with the Oxford Text Archive, a department of the Arts and Humanities Data Service.
	www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk /project/sgml-xml.htm (349 words)

	Displaying SGML documents on the World Wide Web
		SGML was suddenly recognised as being the parent of the concept of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and as such it could be used to develop the next generation of Web browsers.
		SGML's power lies in the fact that logical documents can be manipulated and used in a wide range of applications such as databases, without the overheads that relate to presentation aspects.
		SGML data may well be structured in the form of a database that uses the SGML fields.
	www.oasis-open.org /cover/houghtonWeb.html (3035 words)

	DML - Development Markup Language
		Like SGML, XML is a kind of meta-language that allows different industries, sectors or communities to develop their own way of marking up the structure of their documents.
		Documents that are created with markup tags respecting the general rules of XML (most importantly in relation to correct use of start and end tags and correct nesting of elements inside larger elements) are said to be well-formed.
		Canada built the world's first SGML database with workflow and scheduling capabilities in a twenty-million dollar system that was taken out of operation the year after it was finished.
	www.oasis-open.org /cover/idml-min1-1999.html (8679 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Markup describes the document's structure and other attributes other than specifying the processing that is to be performed on the text, and markup need only be done once and will suffice for all future processing.
		Each SGML document is associated with a Document Type Definition (DTD), which defines the structure of the document in terms of the elements it can contain and the order in which these can occur.
		XML was not designed to be a standardized way of coding text: in fact it is impossible to devise a single coding scheme that would be suit all languages and all applications.
	business.vsnl.com /btserv/sgml.html (749 words)

	Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
		SGML is a formal method for defining mark-up schemes.
		In SGML related schemes mark-up is indicated by the use of 'tags' which are enclosed by the characters '<' and '>'.
		Although mandated by the various standards this line is not used by browsers and is widely omitted especially from hand-written documents.
	www.scit.wlv.ac.uk /~jphb/cp3024/markup (5723 words)

	Bill Kennelly's History of Hypertext: Standardised General Markup Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Standard Generalised Markup Language (SGML) was established in 1986 by the International Standards Organisation (ISO).
		It is a framework for devising markup languages, of which HTML and XML are subsets.
		To markup a document using SGML is very labour intensive, although tools are available to make the job much easier.
	www.ultradevguru.com /ver2_hypertext/sgml.htm (74 words)

	standard input/output from FOLDOC
		Standard input is by default from the terminal, and standard output and standard error are to the terminal.
		Each of these channels (controlled via a file descriptor 0, 1, or 2 - stdin, stdout, stderr) can be redirected to a file, another device or a pipe connecting its process to another process.
		The C programming language library includes routines to perform basic operations on standard I/O. Examples are "printf", allowing text to be sent to standard output, and "scanf", allowing the program to read from standard input.
	foldoc.org /foldoc/foldoc.cgi?query=stdout&action=Search (151 words)

	SGML Tools at VUW Comp.Sci.
		SGML can be awfully complicated and difficult to use at first.
		The standards and tools have been developed over the last decade, and finally look like they are usable.
		SGML is also likely to be the future of World Wide Web documents.
	www.mcs.vuw.ac.nz /technical/software/SGML (1083 words)

	WDVL: Languages for the World Wide Web
		is a simple coding language using generic semantics that are appropriate for representing information from a wide range of domains.
		Extensible Markup Language (XML) is an ISO compliant subset of SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language).
		In developing MathML, the goal was to define an XML-compliant markup language that describes the content and presentation of mathematical expressions.
	wdvl.internet.com /Authoring/Languages (1024 words)

	Media Management - C. Standard Generalised Markup Language (SGML) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		SGML (Standard Generalised Markup Language) is a standard text structuring and formatting language (ISO 8879) that may in the end solve many text transfer problems.
		It provdes a standardised way of coding structural information in electronic text for use either in electronic communication or conventional printing (Bryan, 1988).
		It will be some time before CBL authoring systems are able to read and interpret SGML codes.
	ibis.nott.ac.uk /guidelines/ch3/chap3-C.html (100 words)

	XZIG Definition Work Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		XML is a language for describing data and it is extensible.
		Conclusion XML is a flexible, open, standards-based markup language that can represent structured data in a format that is uniform and independent of applications or vendors.
		This specification, together with associated standards (Unicode and ISO/IEC 10646 for characters, Internet RFC 1766 for language identification tags, ISO 639 for language name codes, and ISO 3166 forcountry name codes), provides all the information necessary to nderstand XML Version 1.0 and construct computer programs to process it.
	www.oic.org /3a4a9.htm (1181 words)

	BUBL LINK: Sgml
		An online database of SGML information and software, designed to make SGML resources freely accessible to the public by means of a Web browser.
		Information is supplied for the entire family of SGML standards, including HyTime, DSSSL, SPDL, XML, and others.
		An international project to develop guidelines for the preparation and interchange of electronic texts for scholarly research, and to satisfy a broad range of uses by the language industries more generally.
	bubl.ac.uk /link/s/sgml.htm (237 words)

	Introduction - Extensible Markup Language (XML) Tutorial - Developer Fusion, the UK developer community - VB, ASP, C#, ...
		The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of the Standard Generalised Markup Language (SGML), the standard for creating markup documents.
		Unlike HTML, another markup language based on SGML, XML allows you to describe data and its structure rather than display it.
		XML is not a replacement for HTML, but compliments it by allowing the author to describe their own tags.
	www.developerfusion.co.uk /show/3802 (229 words)

	The Internet as a publishing medium D. Green and T. Bossomaier CSU Abstract The ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		For example, the grammar of the English language allows you to parse a sentence and recognise the verbs, nouns, adjectives, etc. This grammar (also referred to as parts of speech) is especially important in helping to recognise the meaning of individual words in the context of the relationships between the words in a sentence.
		An element in SGML-defined markup languages, corresponds to a grammatical item.
		SEMANTICS the name "title" is the name of an element, markup for which is allowed to appear as the markup tag
	life.csu.edu.au /itc130/lectures/Week07.ppt (1150 words)

	Information Systems Resources
		Wayne Wohler's Tutorial on the SGML Declaration, originally published in
		Sp is a free SGML parser written in C++.
		perlSGML, tools to parse and otherwise manipulate SGML data in Larry Wall's perl language (perl 4).
	lamp.infosys.deakin.edu.au /index.php?page=net (139 words)

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