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Topic: Standard Mandarin


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Chinese dialects
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Vernacular Chinese
Classical Chinese
Guangdong Romanization
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Chinese written language
Pinyin
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Subgroups of the Han nationality
Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II
Historical Chinese Phonology
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  Mandarin (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Standard Mandarin functions as the official spoken language of the People's Republic of China, the official spoken language of the Republic of China (Taiwan), and one of the official spoken languages of Singapore.
The presence of Mandarin in southwest China is largely due to a plague in the 12th century in Sichuan.
This situation changed with the widespread introduction of Standard Mandarin as the national language, to be used in education, the media, and formal situations in both the PRC and the ROC, but not in Hong Kong.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mandarin_(linguistics)   (1626 words)

  
 Standard Mandarin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Singapore.
The grammar of Standard Mandarin is standardized to the body of modern works written in Vernacular Chinese, which in practice follows the tradition of the Mandarin group of dialects most closely with some notable exceptions.
Curiously the use of standard Mandarin in the 20th century has supplanted the use of pidgin English which was used as a common language in some parts of southern China in the 18th and 19th century.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standard_Mandarin   (3937 words)

  
 Chinese language - The Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
Standard Mandarin is the official standard language used by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, and Singapore.
Its pronunciation is based on the Beijing dialect, which is the dialect of Mandarin as spoken in Beijing; its vocabulary is drawn from the Mandarin group and (to a lesser extent) other groups; and its grammar is based on Vernacular Chinese, the standard written language that first became prevalent during the early 20th century.
The presence of Mandarin in Sìchuān is largely due to a plague in the 12th century.
www.the-encyclopedia.com /description/Chinese_language   (6352 words)

  
 Standard Mandarin - QuickSeek Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
Standard Mandarin is the official Chinese spoken language used by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Malaysia and Singapore.
In addition, since standard Mandarin is taught as a second language across all China, it is also very common for two people who both believe themselves to be speaking standard Mandarin to require a translator.
In implementation, however, standard Mandarin is sometimes given the aura of the "only right language", and other languages or dialects, both Chinese and non-Chinese, have shown signs of greatly losing ground to standard Mandarin, to the chagrin of many local culture proponents.
standardmandarin.quickseek.com   (3585 words)

  
 Mandarin
It was based on the pronunciation of the Beijing dialect of Mandarin, the grammar of Northern Mandarin, and the vocabulary used in colloquial speech.
Standard Mandarin is the official language of the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and one of the official languages of Singapore.
Mandarin is considered to be a Category III language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/may/Mandarin.html   (2156 words)

  
 Working Papers: To -Er is to Err: A Case of Code-switching in Standard Mandarin
Standard Mandarin, alias Guoyu in Taiwan and Putonghua in China, is a prescribed language and is based on a Beijing variety.
Standard Mandarin was imposed in Taiwan at the end of the 1940s, after the independence of Taiwan from Japanese colonization.
It aims to show that in the case of "Standard Mandarin" "to -er or not to er" is analogous to "to be or not to be"; what you -er is what you are as a marker of class or social status.
www.indiana.edu /~easc/resources/working_paper/noframe_3b.htm   (4628 words)

  
 An Introduction to the Chinese Language   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
Mandarin is the standardized dialect of Chinese and the official language of mainland China and Taiwan.
Mandarin was originally the language spoken by Chinese officials, most of whom came from Beijing.
Standard Mandarin is based on the Beijing dialect, which is the dialect of Mandarin as spoken in Beijing, and the governments intend for speakers of all Chinese speech varieties to use it as a common language of communication.
polaris.gseis.ucla.edu /skozerow/langintro.htm   (467 words)

  
 Chinese/About Chinese - Wikibooks, collection of open-content textbooks
Nevertheless, there is a single standardized form of Chinese known as Standard Mandarin, which is based on the dialect of Beijing, which in turn is just one dialect within Mandarin, a large and diverse group of Chinese dialects.
Standard Mandarin is the official language of the People's Republic of China and Taiwan, one of four official languages of Singapore, and one of six official languages of the United Nations.
Standard Mandarin also corresponds to the common written Chinese language used by people speaking all forms of Chinese from all corners of China, including Mandarin, Wu, Cantonese, Hakka, Min-nan, and so forth.
en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Chinese/About_Chinese   (581 words)

  
 Mandarin
Mandarin is the predominant form of the Chinese language.
That spoken in Beijing constitutes the standard Mandarin dialect.
Mandarin is spoken in China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Russia, United States, Mongolia, Viet Nam, Brunei, South Africa, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Canada and Mauritius.
www.flw.com /languages/mandarin.htm   (68 words)

  
 Chinese language - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
The Chinese language, spoken in the form of Standard Mandarin, is the official language of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan, as well as one of four official languages of Singapore, and one of six official languages of the United Nations.
Spoken in the form of Standard Cantonese, Chinese is one of the official languages of Hong Kong (together with English) and of Macao (together with Portuguese).
There is also Standard Mandarin, the official standard language used by the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, and Singapore.
www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=5751   (5466 words)

  
 Malaysia Real Estate : Property2u.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
Standard Mandarin is the official spoken language of the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), and one of the official spoken languages of Singapore.
The broad academic concept of "Mandarin" encompasses a large number of linguistically related dialects, some less mutually intelligible than others, and is very rarely used outside of academic circles as a self-description.
Instead, when asked to describe the spoken form they are using, Chinese speaking a form of Mandarin will describe the variant that they are speaking, for example Sichuan dialect or Northeast China dialect, and may not recognize that it is in fact classified by linguists as a form of "Mandarin".
malaysia.property2u.com /history.php?point=Mandarin_Dialect.html   (213 words)

  
 Pinyin - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
It is important to maintain the distinction that pinyin is a romanization and not an anglicization; that is, it is equally applicable for transcription into any language that uses a Roman alphabet, but that the precise pronunciation need not match that of any of these languages.
For elementary education it has used zhuyin (also known as bopomofo), and for romanization there is no standard system in general use in Taiwan despite many efforts to standardize on one system.
The phonotactics of spoken Mandarin dictate a relatively small set of possible syllables and there is a potential for homonyms.
www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/p/i/n/Pinyin.html   (3359 words)

  
 A dictionary for the Pinyin Language of Chinese
In current standard mandarin there are two possible consonant codas for a syllable, [n] and [ŋ], written as 'n' and 'ng' respectively.
In the standard mandarin the suffixed pronunciations for 'liver' and root' are entirely different.
Standard written forms for these sounds in pinyin are 'e', 'er' and 'ar'.
www.pinyinology.com /zidian/intro.html   (1770 words)

  
 Shanghainese language and pronunciation
Mandarin was selected as the base, due to the large number of Mandarin speakers in China and its relative simplicity.
The bulk of vernacular Mandarin Chinese literature were written not by native Mandarin speakers but by native Wu and Shanghainese speakers.
What the early Shanghainese proponents for a common Chinese language did not anticipate was that Standard Mandarin's promotion would be handled through the simultaneous oppression of all other Chinese regionalects, and most harshly on Wu and Shanghainese.
www.omniglot.com /writing/shanghainese.htm   (259 words)

  
 Quality-Driven Chinese Learning Software, Chinese Electronic Dictionaries, tools to Learn Chinese</u>   <i>(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)</i></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> One distinctive feature of <b>Mandarin</b> is the partial loss of <a href="/topics/Tonal-language" title="Tonal language" class=fl>tones</a> in comparison to Middle Chinese and the other <a href="/topics/Dialect" title="Dialect" class=fl>dialects</a>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Standard</b> <b>Mandarin</b> is usually considered more formal and is required when speaking to a person who </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Standard</b> <b>Mandarin</b> will be the only form of speech that everyone understands.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.firstmandarin.com /Articles.html</font>   (1632 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td>  </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><u>CLSP: WS'00 - Pronunciation Modeling of Mandarin Casual Speech</u>   <i>(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)</i></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> In <b>Mandarin</b> for example, the <a href="/topics/Initial-%28linguistics%29" title="Initial %28linguistics%29" class=fl>initial</a> /sh/ in "wo shi (I am)" is often pronounced weakly and shifts into an /r/. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> In <b>Mandarin</b>, <a href="/topics/Phoneme" title="Phoneme" class=fl>phonemes</a> such as /b/, /p/, /d/, /t/, and /k/ are often reduced and as a result are often recognized as silence. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <a href="/topics/Chinese-language" title="Chinese language" class=fl>Chinese languages</a> such as <a href="/topics/Cantonese-%28linguistics%29" title="Cantonese %28linguistics%29" class=fl>Cantonese</a> are as different from the <b>standard</b> <b>Mandarin</b> as French is different from English.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.clsp.jhu.edu /ws2000/documents/projd_mp.html</font>   (231 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td>  </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=cmn">Ethnologue report for language code:cmn</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Mandarin</b>, Guanhua, Beifang Fangyan, Northern Chinese, Guoyu, <b>Standard</b> Chinese, Putonghua, Hanyu </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Hezhouhoua is <a href="/topics/Chinese-spoken-language" title="Chinese spoken language" class=fl>spoken</a> in the Linxia <a href="/topics/Hui-%28linguistics%29" title="Hui %28linguistics%29" class=fl>Hui</a> Autonomous Prefecture and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of southern Gansu Province, and in neighboring areas in Qinghai Province. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The <a href="/topics/Grammar" title="Grammar" class=fl>grammar</a> is basically Altaic or Tibetan, while the <a href="/topics/Vocabulary" title="Vocabulary" class=fl>vocabulary</a> and <a href="/topics/Phonology" title="Phonology" class=fl>phonology</a> is basically Northwestern <b>Mandarin</b>, or a relexified variety of Tibetan.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=cmn</font>   (580 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td>  </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.pinyin.info/readings/texts/DeFr1950.html">ONE STATE, ONE PEOPLE, ONE LANGUAGE</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The focal point of their disagreement was Wang Chao's insistence that the <b>Mandarin</b> <a href="/topics/Pronunciation" title="Pronunciation" class=fl>pronunciation</a> should be taken as the <b>standard</b> as against the equally strong contention of southern representatives that such a procedure would not meet the problem of southern <a href="/topics/Dialect" title="Dialect" class=fl>dialect</a> <a href="/topics/Sound" title="Sound" class=fl>sounds</a> not existing in <b>Mandarin</b>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Later this mixed <b>Mandarin</b> was replaced by an <a href="/topics/Approximant-consonant" title="Approximant consonant" class=fl>approximation</a> of the Peking <a href="/topics/Dialect" title="Dialect" class=fl>dialect</a> as the <b>standard</b>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The adoption of the Peking <a href="/topics/Dialect" title="Dialect" class=fl>dialect</a> as the <b>standard</b> marked the abandonment of the "old <a href="/topics/Pronunciation" title="Pronunciation" class=fl>pronunciation</a>" for a "new <a href="/topics/Pronunciation" title="Pronunciation" class=fl>pronunciation</a>." The trouble with the old Blue-Green <b>Mandarin</b>, from the point of view of <a href="/topics/Linguistic" title="Linguistic" class=fl>linguistic</a> <a href="/topics/Science" title="Science" class=fl>science</a>, was that it amounted to nothing more than an artificial <b>standard</b> with no basis in living speech.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.pinyin.info /readings/texts/DeFr1950.html</font>   (9590 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td>  </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://chinese101.com">Chinese www.Chinese101.com</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> There are between six and twelve main regional groups (depending on classification scheme), of which the most populous are <b>Mandarin</b>, <a href="/topics/Wu-%28linguistics%29" title="Wu %28linguistics%29" class=fl>Wu</a>, and <a href="/topics/Cantonese-%28linguistics%29" title="Cantonese %28linguistics%29" class=fl>Cantonese</a>, in that order. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The <b>standardized</b> form of <a href="/topics/Chinese-spoken-language" title="Chinese spoken language" class=fl>spoken</a> Chinese is based on the <a href="/topics/Beijing-dialect" title="Beijing dialect" class=fl>Beijing dialect</a>, a member of the <b>Mandarin</b> group; it is described in the article <b>"Standard</b> <b>Mandarin"</b>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Standard</b> <b>Mandarin</b> is the official language of the People's Republic of <a href="/topics/Republic-of-China" title="Republic of China" class=fl>China and the Republic</a> of China on Taiwan, as well as one of four official languages of Singapore (together with English, Malay, and Tamil).</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>chinese101.com</font>   (488 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td>  </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.tc.columbia.edu/centers/cmll?EventID=1345">Center for Multiple Languages and Literacies</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Mandarin</b>, the common language of most of Chinese society and the official language of Chinese governments since 1918, is a koine with a recorded history of some 800 years. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The chief causes of the variation are substrate influence, diglossia, and competing models of what the <b>standard</b> is supposed to be. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The study of so-called "blue-green" <b>Mandarin</b>, or what may be termed "non-standard <b>standard</b> Chinese", has been neglected because of greater interest in historical-comparative study of the Chinese regional <a href="/topics/Dialect" title="Dialect" class=fl>dialects</a> and because of pedagogical and prescriptive interest in <b>standard</b> <b>Mandarin</b>.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.tc.columbia.edu /centers/cmll?EventID=1345</font>   (361 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td>  </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.standardmandarin.com">Standard Mandarin - Learn Mandarin Pronunciation, pronounce chinese fast, chinois, chino</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The purpose of <b>Standard</b> <b>Mandarin</b> is to enable learners of Chinese <b>Mandarin</b> to pronounce every <a href="/topics/Pinyin" title="Pinyin" class=fl>pinyin</a> <a href="/topics/Sound" title="Sound" class=fl>sound</a> clearly and understandably. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The main feature of <b>Standard</b> <b>Mandarin</b>, is to let you hear the <a href="/topics/Pinyin" title="Pinyin" class=fl>pinyin</a> syllables pronounced clearly, for you to copy the <a href="/topics/Pronunciation" title="Pronunciation" class=fl>pronunciation</a>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Standard</b> <b>Mandarin</b> also has descriptions for how to use your facial muscles and drawings of anatomy, it all <a href="/topics/Wikipedia:Media-help" title="Wikipedia:Media help" class=fl>helps</a> you to learn faster.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.standardmandarin.com</font>   (446 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td>  </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><u>Resources of Shanghai Dialect (Shanghainese)</u>   <i>(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)</i></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <a href="/topics/Phonology" title="Phonology" class=fl>Phonologies</a> of <b>Standard</b> <b>Mandarin</b> Chinese and nearby <a href="/topics/Wu-%28linguistics%29" title="Wu %28linguistics%29" class=fl>Wu</a> <a href="/topics/Dialect" title="Dialect" class=fl>dialects</a> (Chongming, Suzhou) are also included for reference. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Pervasive <a href="/topics/Tonal-language" title="Tonal language" class=fl>tone</a> sandhi is a key characteristic in <a href="/topics/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese" class=fl>Shanghainese</a>, and one of the biggest problem for learners of <a href="/topics/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese" class=fl>Shanghainese</a> is in determining the boundaries of sandhi phrases (utterances). </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> There is no single <b>standard</b> <a href="/topics/Romanization" title="Romanization" class=fl>romanization</a> for <a href="/topics/Shanghainese" title="Shanghainese" class=fl>Shanghainese</a>, consequently every author tries to create his own <a href="/topics/Romanization" title="Romanization" class=fl>romanization</a> to serve his purpose.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.zanhe.com /resources.html</font>   (489 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><script language="JavaScript"> <!-- // This function displays the ad results. // It must be defined above the script that calls show_ads.js // to guarantee that it is defined when show_ads.js makes the call-back. function google_ad_request_done(google_ads) { // Proceed only if we have ads to display! if (google_ads.length < 1 ) return; var s = ''; // For text ads, display each ad in turn. // In this example, each ad goes in a new row in the table. if (google_ads[0].type == 'text') { for(i = 0; i < 1; ++i) { s = '<body face="Arial"><br><table cellpadding=0><tr><td>  </td><td><table ><tr><td> </td><td colspan=2>' + '<a href="' + google_ads[i].url + '" title="' + google_ads[i].visible_url + '">' + google_ads[i].line1 + '</a>  <span style="font-size:10pt">'; if (google_info.feedback_url) { s += '<a href="' + google_info.feedback_url + '" style="color:#7070F0;text-decoration:none">(Ads by Google)</a>'; } else { s += '(Ads by Google)'; } s += '</span></td></tr>' + '<tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td>' + '<a href="' + google_ads[i].url + '" title="' + google_ads[i].visible_url + '" style="text-decoration:none;">' + google_ads[i].line2 + ' ' + google_ads[i].line3 + '</a></td></tr>' + '<tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>' + '<a href="' + google_ads[i].url + '" title="' + google_ads[i].visible_url + '" style="text-decoration:none; color:gray;">' + google_ads[i].visible_url + '</a></font></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>'; d = document.getElementById('ad' + (i + 1)); d.innerHTML = s; d.style.display = 'block'; } s = ''; for(i = 1; i < google_ads.length; i++) { s += '<div class="r" style="margin-left: 14px"><table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0><tr>' + // '<td valign=top><img src="/images/a.gif"/ style="padding-top: 3px; padding-right: 3px"></td>' + '<td ><a href="' + google_ads[i].url + '" title="' + google_ads[i].visible_url + '">' + google_ads[i].line1 + '<div style="text-decoration: none; ">' + google_ads[i].line2 + ' ' + google_ads[i].line3 + '</div></a>' + '<font color="gray"><a href="'+ google_ads[i].url + '" title="' + google_ads[i].visible_url + '" style="text-decoration:none; color:gray;">' + google_ads[i].visible_url + '</a></font>' + '</td></tr></table></div>' } d = document.getElementById('sky1'); d.innerHTML = s; if(s.length > 0) { document.getElementById('sky').style.display = 'block'; } } /* <body face="Arial"><br><table cellpadding=0><tr><td>  </td><td><table ><tr><td> </td><td colspan=2> <a href=" ### GOOGLE ADS[i] URL ### "> ### GOOGLE ADS[i] VISIBLE URL ### </a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> ### LINE 2 ###   ### LINE 3 ###</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray> ### link ### </font>  (sponsored link)</td></tr> </table></td></tr></table> */ /* // For an image ad, display the image; 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