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Topic: Standard Oil of Indiana

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	Refining
		Initially, Standard of Indiana planned on building its new refinery at South Chicago, the terminus of a pipeline originating in the oil fields of Ohio and Indiana.
		During the early 1910s, Standard of Indiana chemist and executive William M. Burton directed experiments at the Whiting plant that attempted to increase gasoline yields by processing (or “cracking”) the crude oil at higher temperatures and higher pressures.
		Now owned by BP Amoco (Standard of Indiana, long a huge multinational corporation, changed its name to Amoco in 1985; Amoco merged with BP just before the end of the century), the Whiting facility was still among the largest oil refineries in the United States.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/1052.html (1068 words)

	Wikinfo \| Standard Oil
		Standard Oil was an oil refining company founded by John D. Rockefeller and partners in 1863.
		Standard Oil, formed well before the discovery of Spindletop and a demand for oil other than for heat and light, was well placed to control the growth of the oil business.
		The "Standard Oil" man was constantly reminded in a thousand and one ways that punishment for disloyalty is sure and terrible, and that in no corner of the earth can he escape it, nor can any power on earth protect him from it.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Standard_Oil (1258 words)

	Standard Oil Co. (Indiana)
		By 1910, when it was connected by pipeline to oil fields in Kansas and Oklahoma, as well as Ohio and Indiana, the Whiting facility had about 2,400 workers.
		In 1920, Standard Indiana ranked as the third-largest oil refiner in the United States, behind Standard New Jersey and Standard California.
		Standard Indiana ranked as the second-largest American oil company at the beginning of the 1950s, when annual sales grossed $1.5 billion.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/2863.html (467 words)

	Carlinville's Standard Addition: $1M Worth of Sears Homes
		Standard Oil purchased the houses for their workers in Carlinville, Wood River, and Schoper in southwestern Illinois.
		Standard Oil was desperate to get their new mines up and running as soon as possible.
		Standard Oil was tired of the labor woes and they were, after all, in the petroleum business—not in the mining business.
	www.route66university.com /study/essay_thorn_std.php (1528 words)

	Standard Oil Today
		The former Standards consolidate further to compete in the global petroleum market, and marketing as Standard in the United States is not in the picture.
		In 1991, Standard Oil disappeared in Ohio, the red, white and blue re-done in green, silver, and yellow as BP.
		It purchased Sing Oil in 1990 and Omega Oil of Ohio in 1996.
	www.us-highways.com /sohist1999.htm (3007 words)

	Utah Oil Industry
		Oil was first discovered in Utah as early as 1891, but commercial pumping did not start until September 1948 with the discovery of a well in Ashley Valley in the Unitah Basin that produced 300 barrels of oil per day.
		Oil seeps were discovered in the Bluff area and the oil used for various purposes by early settlers.
		Standard later acquired 75 percent of Utah Oil, and in the 1950s, that percentage was increased to 100 percent.
	utahrails.net /articles/oil.php (4134 words)

	Santa Clara Journal of International Law
		Soon afterwards it was alleged the trustees organized the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey and the Standard Oil Company of New York, the former having a capital stock of $3,000,000 and the latter a capital stock of $5,000,000, subsequently increased to $10,000,000 and $15,000,000 [***636] respectively.
		The decree was against seven individual defendants, the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, thirty-six domestic companies and one foreign company which the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey controls by stock ownership; these 38 corporate defendants being held to be parties to the combination found to exist.
		Further, the individual defendants, the Standard Oil Company, and the 37 subsidiary corporations were enjoined from engaging or continuing in interstate commerce in petroleum or its products during the continuance of the illegal combination.
	www.scu.edu /scjil/cases/standard_oil.html (3387 words)

	A History of the Standard Oil Company
		Republic Oil was dissolved and its assets sold to Indiana Standard, Ohio Standard, and Waters-Pierce.
		Standard Oil of Colorado was chartered in Denver in 1922, the unused charter was recinded in 1926.
		Esso Standard Oil (Jersey Standard) didn't care to have motorists confused, considering it was operating Esso stations in the state at the time and spending significant funds on advertising.
	www.us-highways.com /sohist.htm (2010 words)

	A People’s History of the United States
		Due in part to catastrophes like the oil spill from the Exxon Valdez on March 24th 1989 and the recent increase in reporting on Global Warming, by now most people are at least passively aware of the environmental dangers involved with the world’s dependency on oil.
		The Standard Oil Trust was dissolved under court order in 1911 creating many smaller regional companies, including Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon), Standard Oil of New York (Mobil), Standard Oil of California (Chevron), Standard Oil of Ohio (Sohio), Standard Oil of Indiana (Amoco), Continental Oil (Conoco), and Atlantic Oil (ARCO).
		These giant oil companies have a long and continuing history of abusing the human rights of the people on whose land they drill for oil as well as showing a careless disregard for the environment.
	web.mit.edu /thistle/www/v13/3/oil.html (1752 words)

	House Flags of U.S. Shipping Companies: ExxonMobil
		It is actually the flag of Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey being shown by Brown 1929 to 1943 with Loughran (1979) giving it as the pre WW2 flag.
		The Standard Oil Company of New York was a unit of the Standard Oil Trust and one of the major components into which the Trust was broken in 1911.
		In 1961, Socal purchased Standard Oil of Kentucky, and in 1984 purchased Gulf Oil Corporation, with the change of name to Chevron Corp. Texaco was acquired in a merger in 2001.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/us~hfexx.html (2850 words)

	North American road maps – A
		As this map was issued, Standard Oil of Indiana was in the process of acquiring a controlling interest in the Amoco and Pan American companies.
		In 1961, the new American brand was adopted by parent Standard Oil Company of Indiana for use throughout the area in which it could not operate under the Standard name.
		The Ashland Oil Co. is based in Ashland, Kentucky in the "chemical coast" along the Ohio River.
	zippy.cso.uiuc.edu /~roma/roadmaps/naoilA.html (737 words)

	[No title]
		It was acquired by the Standard Oil Trust in 1900, and became known as Standard of California.
		Standard Oil of Indiana was organized in 1889 by Standard Oil of New Jersey.
		Indiana Standard became separated from Jersey Standard in the "trust bust" of 1911.
	massis.lcs.mit.edu /telecom-archives/archives/history/standard.oil.and.bell.sys (3202 words)

	Standard Oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1889 a representative from Standard Oil, Theodore M. Towle, was sent to Whiting to purchase land for a new refinery.
		If the gas oil could be held in a still by the use of pressure until a cracking temperature was reached, Humphreys thought it might provide a good yield of gasoline." Humphrey's was right and the thermal cracking process was invented.
		The Standard Oil fire brigade was comprised of eleven fire marshals, seven fire trucks, 44 hose carts and 80,000 feet of fire hose 2 1/2 inches thick.
	www.whiting.lib.in.us /Standard%20Oil.htm (936 words)

	Standard Oil Company - Indiana 1954 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		By 1872 Standard Oil had purchased and thus controlled nearly all the refining firms in Cleveland, plus two refineries in the New York City area.
		Standard prospered and, in 1882, all its properties were merged in the Standard Oil Trust, which was in effect one great company.
		In 1911 the U.S. Supreme Court found the Standard Oil trust to be in violation of the anti-trust laws and ordered the dissolution of the parent New Jersey corporation.
	www.scripophily.net /stoilcoin19.html (920 words)

	BP U.S. - SOHIO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1969, BP signed an agreement with the Standard Oil Company of Ohio (SOHIO) to refine and market its crude oil from the newly discovered Prudhoe Bay on Alaska’s North Slope, the biggest oilfield in the U.S. SOHIO was the market leader in Ohio and was strongly represented in neighboring states.
		Rockefeller’s original Standard Oil Company had been incorporated in Ohio in 1870 and for years was the spearhead of the Standard Oil Trust (which would be broken up in 1911 by the Sherman Antitrust Act).
		Standard of Indiana and its fledgling refinery faced an initial challenge of refining high-sulfur crude oil from a field near Lima, Ohio.
	www.bp.com /genericarticle.do?categoryId=9004472&contentId=7008088 (325 words)

	BP Pipelines - our history
		In two decades oil production had grown to the point where more than 80 percent of the world’s petroleum consumption was supplied by Pennsylvania oil fields.
		Crude oil pipelines carrying oil from the prolific fields in Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas to the refineries in the East began to cross the country.
		As lower 48 oil production declined and petroleum supply came increasingly from overseas and Canada, the pipeline industry responded with major industry systems from the US Gulf Coast to the Mid West, Western Canada to the Mid West, and California to the US West Coast.
	www.bppipelines.com /history.html (1331 words)

	Critics blast spate of oil mergers
		Washington, 18 Oct (IPS/Danielle Knight) - In light of a proposed merger of two multinational oil companies announced this week, consumer and environmental groups are warning that the growing concentration of power and wealth of the oil industry is unsafe for the environment, communities and consumers worldwide.
		Standard Oil of California was renamed Chevron, while Standard Oil of Indiana was renamed Amoco.
		Standard Oil of Ohio was bought out in 1987 by British Petroleum.
	www.twnside.org.sg /title/spate.htm (1013 words)

	Standard Oil Company
		By 1878, Standard Oil purportedly controlled ninety percent of the oil refineries in the United States.
		Other companies used the Standard Oil name to profit off of the companys reputation, but these organizations were never part of the company formerly controlled by Rockefeller.
		The Standard Oil Company of Ohio was the original company that Rockefeller established in 1862.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=988 (515 words)

	synthetic motor oil historical overview
		Yet it wasn't until 1929 that the commercial development of synthesized hydrocarbons was undertaken by Standard Oil of Indiana.
		Because of the self-evident cold weather benefits of synthetic jet engine oil, it would not have been difficult to find a few maverick pilots experimenting with this oil in their cars.
		The military paid thirty-five dollars a quart for synthetic oil in those days and even the used jet engine oil seemed clean enough for some pilots in Alaska and elsewhere to mix with their motor oil to assist cold winter starts.
	www.oil4kids.com /syn-hist.htm (1008 words)

	mhp: Standard Oil Company of Indiana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Standard Oil Company of Indiana USA, Business Org
		^ Standard Oil Company of Indiana (1889 to 1957)
		^ Standard Oil Company (Division of, 1889 to 1911)
	www.modernhistoryproject.org /mhp/EntityDisplay.php?Entity=StandardOilIN (65 words)

	BP U.S. - He fueled a revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1911, the year it separated from the Standard Oil Trust, BP legacy company Standard Oil Co. (Indiana) sold 88 percent of the gasoline and kerosene used in the Midwest.
		Burton felt Standard needed to do something about its unsatisfactory distillation process just in case a certain Henry Ford in Detroit was right about horses and buggies and another technological breakthrough called the assembly line.
		Research resumed, and gas oil was heated from 650 to 850 degrees Fahrenheit at higher and higher pressures.
	www.bp.com /sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9005185&contentId=7009270 (1065 words)

	*** Atapco *** (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Louis Blaustein started in the oil business by delivering kerosene with his son, Jacob, from a horse-drawn tank wagon through the streets of Baltimore.
		In 1954, American Oil merged with Standard Oil of Indiana, and American Trading and Production Corporation and the Blaustein family became major stockholders.
		(Standard Oil of Indiana changed its name to AMOCO Corporation in 1985 and, in 1998 merged with British Petroleum to form BP Amoco, p.l.c.).
	www.atapco.com (242 words)

	Delayed Coker History
		Standard Oil of Indiana at builds the first delayed coker.
		The Burton process developed by Standard Oil at Whiting, Indiana converted gas oil to gasoline with the production of petroleum coke.
		In delayed coking the use of pressure with heat for cracking and separating the heater from the coker and the use of two drums enabled continuous operation.
	www.coking.com /history.htm (286 words)

	ANCIENNES CARTES ROUTIERES DE FRANCE
		In 1911, the US Supreme Court decided that the monopoly was not in the best interest of the public, and ordered Standard to dissolve into 30 or so separate companies with no ties to the others whatsoever.
		Standard of Kentucky sued Humble, claiming that Esso was a derivative of Standard Oil and had no right to use that name in their territory.
		In 1973, Humble oil became Exxon corporation; all Esso, Enco, and Humble stations in the US were converted to Exxon.
	oldmaps.free.fr /oil/standard.htm (545 words)

	Brain Over Brawn -- Monday, Jan. 01, 1945 -- Page 1 -- TIME
		Technical men, not brawny wildcatters, are the new glamor boys of the oil industry.
		The first chemist ever to head Standard, plainspeaking, heavy-set Bob Wilson is the son of a college professor (College of Wooster, Ohio).
		Standard has cashed in on these and other processes Wilson had a hand in finding.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,791857,00.html (553 words)

	Series 6
		A smaller refinery than originally planned was built; processing was given to a subsidiary of Standard Oil (NJ); Pan Am was prevented from acquiring any crude properties for a period of three years; and a company-specific pipe line was never acquired.
		Motions filed by Standard (IN) were taken to the Supreme Court of Delaware and an appeal was filed with the Supreme Court of the US.
		Pan Am was merged into Standard (IN), and the Blausteins exchanged their stock in Pan American for stock in Standard, becoming one of the largest stockholders.
	www.library.jhu.edu /collections/specialcollections/manuscripts/Blaustein/Series/series6.html (717 words)

	Article 7 Eating Oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is a high-protein yeast culture that is grown on hydrocarbons distilled from crude oil.
		In 1975, the first Standard Oil of Indiana petroleum protein processing plant in Hutchinson, Minnesota, began churning out petroprotein at the rate of about 15,000,000 lbs.
		Its manufacture begins at the Standard Oil of Indiana refinery, where ethylene and the other petrochemicals left in the oil barrel after the extraction of gasoline and jet fuels are removed from the residue.
	www.healthalternative.org /newpage14.htm (1521 words)

	Aon Center, Chicago (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Standard Oil Company built this tower to replace its old headquarters on South Michigan Avenue, now known as the Michigan Avenue Lofts.
		It was originally called the Standard Oil Building (nicknamed "Big Stan"), and later the Amoco Building.
		Marble removed from the cladding of the building was crushed and used as decorative stone surrounding the Amoco refinery in Whiting, Indiana.
	www.emporis.com /en/wm/bu/?id=116756 (351 words)

	Ford Foundation: A Time to Choose - 233
		of both crude oil and natural gas; it is also the leader in the energy market in total.
		Among the 16 firms currently engaged in uranium mining and milling, three are oil companies (Kerr-McGee, Exxon, and Continental Oil Company).
		Ownership of reserves may be the crucial test of industry concentration for the future.
	www.fordfound.org /elibrary/documents/0159/240.cfm (442 words)

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