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	Standard Oil - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Standard Oil’s quasi-monopolistic position had developed from aggressively competitive business practices, including purchasing competitors and engaging in volume-discount transportation deals with the railroad companies to ensure it could undercut smaller competitors' prices.
		Standard Oil, being formed well before the discovery of Spindletop and a demand for oil other than for heat and light, was well placed to control the growth of the oil business.
		Oil literally could not leave the oil field unless Standard Oil agreed to move it: the “posted price” for oil was the price that Standard Oil agents printed on flyers that were nailed to posts in oil producing areas, and producers were in a take-it-or-leave-it position.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standard_Oil (1116 words)

	Standard Oil of Ohio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Standard Oil of Ohio or Sohio was an American oil company that was acquired by British Petroleum, now called BP.
		It was one of the successor companies to Standard Oil after the antitrust breakup in 1911.
		Standard Oil of Ohio was the original Standard Oil company founded by John D. Rockefeller.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sohio (237 words)

	Standard Oil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Standard Oil was an oil refining company founded by John D. Rockefeller and his partners on 1863.
		Standard Oil, formed well before the discovery of Spindletop and a demand for oil other than for heat and light, was well placed to control the growth of the oil business.
		The "Standard Oil" man was constantly reminded in a thousand and one ways that punishment for disloyalty is sure and terrible, and that in no corner of the earth can he escape it, nor can any power on earth protect him from it.
	www.city-search.org /st/standard-oil.html (1307 words)

	Standard Oil of Ohio -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was one of the successor companies to (Click link for more info and facts about Standard Oil) Standard Oil after the (Click link for more info and facts about antitrust) antitrust breakup in 1911.
		Standard Oil of Ohio was the original Standard Oil company founded by (United States industrialist who made a fortune in the oil business and gave half of it away (1839-1937)) John D. Rockefeller.
		When BP merged with Amoco, its American headquarters moved from the former Standard Oil building on Public Square in (Click link for more info and facts about Cleveland, Ohio) Cleveland, Ohio to (Largest city in Illinois; a bustling Great Lakes port that extends 26 miles along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Michigan) Chicago.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/st/standard_oil_of_ohio.htm (246 words)

	Santa Clara Journal of International Law
		Soon afterwards it was alleged the trustees organized the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey and the Standard Oil Company of New York, the former having a capital stock of $3,000,000 and the latter a capital stock of $5,000,000, subsequently increased to $10,000,000 and $15,000,000 [***636] respectively.
		The decree was against seven individual defendants, the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, thirty-six domestic companies and one foreign company which the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey controls by stock ownership; these 38 corporate defendants being held to be parties to the combination found to exist.
		Further, the individual defendants, the Standard Oil Company, and the 37 subsidiary corporations were enjoined from engaging or continuing in interstate commerce in petroleum or its products during the continuance of the illegal combination.
	www.scu.edu /scjil/cases/standard_oil.html (3387 words)

	Standard Oil of Ohio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		BP took majority ownership of the company in the 1970s in return for its share of the Prudhoe Bay oilfield in Alaska.
		In 1987, after all other Standard Oil descendants had minimized use of the name Standard, Standard of Ohio, proud to be the original, sought to corporately rebrand itself under the Standard name while continuing to use the Sohio brand and others to sell gas in Ohio.
		When BP merged with Amoco, its American headquarters moved from the former Sohio Building on Public Square in Cleveland, Ohio to Chicago, Illinois.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standard_Oil_of_Ohio (237 words)

	Educate Yourself- Standard Oil -- Part I
		Rockefeller was born in 1839, the son of a bigamist and snake-oil salesman.
		But by 1880, Standard was constantly drawing the attention of state legislatures (those John D. hadn't reached) and the company was being hauled before the courts.
		By the time she started writing about Standard, she was already well known for her articles on Lincoln and Napoleon and was one of the highest-paid journalists of her day.
	www.buyandhold.com /bh/en/education/history/2000/standard_oil1.html (1358 words)

	Encyclopedia: Standard Oil of Ohio
		Standard Oil of Ohio or Sohio was an American oil company that was acquired by British Petroleum, now part of BP.
		However, the next year BP bought out the minority interest in Sohio and renamed all the Sohio and Boron stations 'BP' in 1991.
		When BP merged with Amoco, its American headquarters moved from the former Standard Oil building on Public Square in Cleveland, Ohio to Chicago.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Standard-Oil-of-Ohio (252 words)

	[No title]
		The fact was, the Standard Oil Company of Ohio was in a very tight place, and it is difficult to see how an examination their books could have failed to incriminate not only it, but three other of the constituent companies of the trust which held charters from the same state.
		The new Standard Oil Company is managed by a board of fourteen directors.t They probably collect the dividends of the constituent companies and divide them among stockholders in exactly the same way the trustees of 1882 and the liquidating trustees of 1892 did.
		The truth is the Standard Oil Company is trying to meet the competition of the low-grade Oriental and Russian oils with high-grade American oil-the crude being kept as low as possible, and the domestic market being made to pay for the foreign cutting.
	www.history.rochester.edu /fuels/tarbell/Vol2/258-273.htm (4650 words)

	index.htm
		Ohio is our market, but it is also our home, and we are deeply grateful for all that Ohio has done for us.
		It has cost the oil industry a staggering investment in research, and improved equipment, but in a fiercely competitive industry that is essential to survival.
		Before the Standard Oil dissolution in 1911, our Company, as a supplementary part of a great organization, had been relegated to the role of a marketer in Ohio, with one little refinery in Cleveland that could supply only a fraction of our needs.
	www.dantiques.com /sohio/otherpubs/HistoryHighlights (4074 words)

	Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. U.S., 221 U.S. 1 (1911)
		This situation was not affected by the transfer to the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, who had the same body of stockholders and had controlled the separate companies and continued to control them through the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey.
		The Standard combination is an attempt to control and monopolize a vast commerce of the entire country, as these people undertook to control and monopolize a local commerce.
		Soon afterwards it was alleged the trustees organized the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey and the Standard Oil Company of New York, the former having a capital stock of $3,000,000 and the latter a capital stock of $5,000,000, subsequently increased to $10,000,000 and $15,000,000 respectively.
	biotech.law.lsu.edu /cases/Antitrust/Standard_Oil_case.htm (10386 words)

	A History of the Standard Oil Company
		More Standard Oil Companies were created as some successor organizations declined to use the venerable Standard name in favor of pre-trust identities and the other Standards expanded into those marketing areas.
		Standard Oil of Colorado was chartered in Denver in 1922, the unused charter was recinded in 1926.
		Esso Standard Oil (Jersey Standard) didn't care to have motorists confused, considering it was operating Esso stations in the state at the time and spending significant funds on advertising.
	www.us-highways.com /sohist.htm (1862 words)

	Some Oil Co. Info
		It became an affiliate of the Standard Oil Trust in 1874, and was separated from the Trust in 1911.
		Then one day the Standard station changed to a Socony (Standard Oil New York) station and the Sinclair station in another part of town became a Mobil station which in turn sat across the street from another Mobil station which had always been there under that name.
		When traveling, his out of state license platesallowed him to use any of two or three oil credit cards at any station under those names but in his home town he was only allowed to use the card specific to the station he was at.
	www.roadmaps.org /stories/someoilco.html (674 words)

	Standard Oil Today
		The former Standards consolidate further to compete in the global petroleum market, and marketing as Standard in the United States is not in the picture.
		In 1991, Standard Oil disappeared in Ohio, the red, white and blue re-done in green, silver, and yellow as BP.
		It purchased Sing Oil in 1990 and Omega Oil of Ohio in 1996.
	www.us-highways.com /sohist1999.htm (2993 words)

	Standard Oil of Ohio
		Standard Oil of Ohio or Sohio was an American oil company that was acquired by British Petroleum, now part of BPAmoco.
		It was one of the successor companies to Standard Oil after the anti-trust breakup in 1911.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/st/Standard_Oil_of_Ohio.html (81 words)

	Standard Oil Co. v. U. S. (1911) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Such decree was entered upon a bill filed by the United States under authority of the act of July 2, 1890, known as the antitrust act, and had for its object the enforcement of the provisions of that act.
		The bill further alleged that in 1897 the attorney general of Ohio instituted contempt proceedings in the case, based upon the claim that the trust had not been dissolved as required by the decree in that case.
		The decree was against seven individual defendants, the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, thirty-six domestic companies, and one foreign company which the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey controls by stock ownership; these thirty-eight corporate defendants being held to be parties to the combination found to exist.
	www.ripon.edu /faculty/bowenj/antitrust/stdoilnj.htm (3443 words)

	BP - The Matrix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In May 1901 William Knox D'Arcy was granted a concession by the Shah of Persia to search for oil, which he found in May 1908.
		In March 1951, the pro-western Prime Minister Ali Razmara was assassinated and in April, a bill was passed nationalising the oil industry and the AIOC and the Shah were forced to leave the country.
		In 1969, BP acquired the Valdez oil terminal, Alaska, from the Chugach for $1.
	www.infoshop.org /octo/matrix/index.php?title=BP&printable=yes (698 words)

	John D Rockefeller and Standard Oil. The nightmare begins...
		Oil, of course, is free at source, so once the investment in refining and extraction plant has been made the only really important cost was transportation.
		Of this amount about twenty million were made by the Standard Oil Company; fully a third of the balance was produced by the Tidewater Company, of which the Standard holds a large minority stock, and which for twenty years has had a running arrangement with the Standard.
		How often does one hear it argued, the Standard Oil Company is simply an inevitable result of economic conditions; that is, given the practices of the oil-bearing railroads in 1872 and the elements of speculation and the over-refining in the oil business, there was nothing for Mr.
	www.bilderberg.org /whatafel.htm (8895 words)

	Incorporation of the Standard Oil Company of Ohio
		the firm of Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler was incorporated as the Standard Oil Company of Ohio, with a share capital of
		time of its incorporation, the company owned two refineries in Cleveland (the Excelsior and the Standard works) with a capacity of 600 barrels per day, a share of about 4% of the 16'000 bpd overall capacity, of the American petroleum refining industry, which then comprised about 250 refineries.
		Some sources credit Standard Oil with a control of 10% of the market at its inception.
	www.raken.com /american_wealth/trusts/standard_oil1.asp (172 words)

	THE HISTORY OF THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY
		If the railroad and lake transportation men would but adopt as liberal a policy toward the oil freights of Cleveland as the Pennsylvania Railroad was adopting toward that of Pittsburg, aided by her natural advantages the town was bound to become the greatest oil refining centre in the United States.
		Between three and four million dollars were invested in oil refineries, and the town was receiving within 35,000 barrels of as much oil as New York City, and within 300,000 as much as Pittsburg, and it was boasting that the next year it would outstrip these competitors, which, as a matter of fact, it did.
		Indeed nothing could have stopped the Standard Oil Company in 1870-the oil business being what it was-but an entire change in the nature of the members of the firm, and they were not the kind of material which changes.
	www.history.rochester.edu /fuels/tarbell/upto52.htm (4244 words)

	John D. and Standard Oil
		As a result, on January 10, 1870, the Standard Oil Company (S.O) was formed with the same partners and John D. as president.
		In 1879, a committee was formed by Alonzo Hepburn, chairman of the New York State Assembly, to investigate malpractices and the plausible existence of a monopoly in the oil industry.
		The holding had to fight its way through the courtroom more and more often, and on May 15, 1911, the US Supreme Court declared Standard Oil's holding company an "unreasonable" trust and ordered that it be dissolved.
	www.bgsu.edu /departments/acs/1890s/rockefeller/bio2.htm (733 words)

	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- Standard Mergers -- Jun. 15, 1931 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		And an alliance between Standard Oil Co. of Ohio and the onetime Standard unit, Ohio Oil Co., was widely discussed.
		The reason for this hubbub was that the last day during which the U. Department of Justice could have appealed to the Supreme Court to halt the proposed merger between Standard Oil Co. of New York and Vacuum Oil Co. had come and gone, and the Department of Justice had NOT appealed.
		Although the legal path for the Standard of New York-Vacuum deal is now clear, owing to recent changes in stockmarket valuations, it will probably not go through on the original terms announced when the two companies decided to merge 16 months ago.
	www.time.com /time/archive/printout/0,23657,846913,00.html (222 words)

	BRIA(16:2) King Leopold, Heart of Darkness, Belgium, Congo, Rockefeller, Standard Oil, Monopoly, United States v. ...
		When the Standard Oil Trust was formed in 1882, it produced most of the world's lamp kerosene, owned 4,000 miles of pipelines, and employed 100,000 workers.
		Both the trial judge and a unanimous federal appeals court agreed that Standard Oil was a monopoly violating the Sherman Antitrust Act.
		Like Standard Oil at the turn of the 20th century and ATandT in the 1970s and '80s, Microsoft has currently become the target of antitrust lawsuits.
	www.crf-usa.org /bria/bria16_2.html (5715 words)

	New Zealand's source for business, stock market & currency news on Stuff.co.nz: Pioneer always playing to win (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		She was the most senior woman in BP throughout her time with the oil giant in London.
		Ever the groundbreaker, she joined BP in 1975, as principal legal counsel, at a time when the oil industry was heavily dominated by men, mainly because of their engineering backgrounds – a field women did not go into.
		Her father was in the oil business too, though on the other side of the street running Shell's shipping business, organising the first bulk petroleum shipments to New Zealand.
	www.stuff.co.nz /stuff/0,2106,3291918a1864,00.html (1401 words)

	Like the Phoenix, Standard Oil rises from its ashes--the Mobil and Exxon merger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chevron was Standard Oil of California, Amoco was Standard Oil of Indiana, and Sohio was Standard Oil of Ohio.
		The Standard Oil case still looms as one of the most important cases in antitrust law, because it began the process of clarifying perplexingly vague law, section 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
		While the thought of Standard Oil reforming may cause one to be concerned, we should remember that things are different.
	www.nicholls.edu /mcoats/exxonmobilmerger.htm (637 words)

	ANCIENNES CARTES ROUTIERES DE FRANCE
		In 1911, the US Supreme Court decided that the monopoly was not in the best interest of the public, and ordered Standard to dissolve into 30 or so separate companies with no ties to the others whatsoever.
		Standard of Kentucky sued Humble, claiming that Esso was a derivative of Standard Oil and had no right to use that name in their territory.
		In 1973, Humble oil became Exxon corporation; all Esso, Enco, and Humble stations in the US were converted to Exxon.
	oldmaps.free.fr /oil/standard.htm (545 words)

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