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Topic: Standard time

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History of standard time in the United States

Universal time

Coordinated Universal Time

Greenwich Mean Time

Daylight saving time

Sir Sandford Fleming

Royal Greenwich Observatory

Sandford Fleming

Alexander Luria

International Bureau of Weights and Measures

Longterm Ecological Observatory

Canada Act

Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance

McComb, Ohio

	History & info - Standard time began with the railroads
		Standard time in the US Standard time in time zones was instituted in the U.S. and Canada by the railroads on November 18, 1883.
		Prior to that, time of day was a local matter, and most cities and towns used some form of local solar time, maintained by a well-known clock (on a church steeple, for example, or in a jeweler's window).
		Standard time in time zones was established by U.S. law with the Standard Time Act of 1918, enacted on March 19.
	webexhibits.org /daylightsaving/d.html (1041 words)

	U.S. Time Zones (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Standard time within each time zone is an integral number of hours offset from a time scale called Universal Time, Coordinated (abbreviated UTC), maintained by a large number of very precise "atomic clocks" at laboratories around the world, including the U.S. Naval Observatory.
		History of Standard Time in the U.S. Standard time in time zones was instituted in the U.S. and Canada by the railroads on 18 November 1883.
		Standard time in time zones was not established in U.S. law until the Act of March 19, 1918, sometimes called the Standard Time Act.
	aa.usno.navy.mil /faq/docs/us_tzones.html (665 words)

	International standard date and time notation
		A single leap second 23:59:60 is inserted into the UTC time scale every few years as announced by the International Earth Rotation Service in Paris, to keep UTC from wandering away more than 0.9 s from the less constant astronomical time scale UT1, which is defined by the actual rotation of the earth.
		In case an unambiguous representation of time is required, 00:00 is usually the preferred notation for midnight and not 24:00.
		Please consider the 12h time to be a relic from the dark ages when Roman numerals were used, the number zero had not yet been invented and analog clocks were the only known form of displaying a time.
	www.cl.cam.ac.uk /~mgk25/iso-time.html (2932 words)

	Time Ontology in OWL
		We have been referring to time zones, but in fact it is more convenient to work in terms of what we might call the "time standard" that is used in a time zone.
		For each time standard, there is a zone, or geographical region, and a time of the year in which it is used for describing local times.
		Where and when a time standard is used have to be axiomatized, and this involves interrelating a time ontology and a geographical ontology.
	www.isi.edu /~pan/SWBP/time-ontology-note/time-ontology-note.html (3452 words)

	Time standard - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A time standard is a specification or standard of either the rate at which time passes, or points in time, or both.
		Mean time was observed by observing the true solar time and then adding to it a calculated correction, the equation of time, which smoothed out from it the know irregularities due to the ellipticity of the orbit nd the non-perpendicularity of the Earth axis to the plane of the Earth's orbit around the sun.
		It is the primary realisation of Terrestrial Time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Time_standard (1470 words)

	15 USC Sec. 260 (01/24/94)
		It is the policy of the United States to promote the adoption and observance of uniform time within the standard time zones prescribed by sections 261 to 264 of this title, as modified by section 265 of this title.
		For the purpose of establishing the standard time of the United States, the territory of the United States shall be divided into eight zones in the manner provided in this section.
		Within the respective zones created under the authority of sections 261 to 264 of this title the standard time of the zone shall insofar as practicable (as determined by the Secretary of Transportation) govern the movement of all common carriers engaged in interstate or foreign commerce.
	tycho.usno.navy.mil /260.html (451 words)

	standard time. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The earth is divided into 24 time zones, each of which is about 15° of longitude wide and corresponds to one hour of time.
		Standard time was largely the creation of the Canadian railway engineer Sir Sandford Fleming (1827–1915).
		Standard time officially came into existence after a 19-nation White House meeting in 1884, with the prime meridian established at Greenwich, England.
	www.bartleby.com /65/st/stndtime.html (200 words)

	standard time - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Standard time was largely the creation of the Canadian railway engineer Sir Sandford Fleming (1827-1915).
		Time to put the screws on accountants The Enron scandal is the latest in a long line in the US and Britain where auditors have failed miserably.
		Time, please, for the Drink a toast to the capital's top watering holes as Edward Sullivan unveils this year's winners Food and drink Evening Standard 2004 Pub Bar of the Year
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-stndtime.html (559 words)

	14.2 time -- Time access and conversions
		DST is Daylight Saving Time, an adjustment of the timezone by (usually) one hour during part of the year.
		The precision, and in fact the very definition of the meaning of ``processor time'', depends on that of the C function of the same name, but in any case, this is the function to use for benchmarking Python or timing algorithms.
		Also, the suspension time may be longer than requested by an arbitrary amount because of the scheduling of other activity in the system.
	docs.python.org /lib/module-time.html (1888 words)

	What Time is it in Indiana?
		Ten counties in northwestern and southwestern Indiana are in the Central time zone and already observe daylight-saving time to stay in sync with Illinois.
		Currently, 82 Indiana counties are in the Eastern time zone, and 10 counties in northwestern and southwestern Indiana are in the Central time zone.
		10 counties in northwestern and southwestern Indiana are in the Central time zone and observe daylight time.
	www.mccsc.edu /time.html (3848 words)

	Domain Time II Technical Information: Accuracy\Terms and Definitions
		Sidereal time is the hour angle of the vernal equinox, the ascending node of the ecliptic on the celestial equator.
		The length of a standard second is derived from the decay time of cesium atoms.
		For example, a measurement made with a time interval counter might have a resolution of 10 nanoseconds; periods of time smaller than the resolution are imperceivable to the instrument doing the measuring.
	greyware.com /software/domaintime/technical/accuracy/terms.asp (1358 words)

	time
		The time utility shall invoke the utility named by the utility operand with arguments supplied as the argument operands and write a message to standard error that lists timing statistics for the utility.
		The precision of the timing shall be no less than the granularity defined for the size of the clock tick unit on the system, but the results shall be reported in terms of standard time units (for example, 0.02 seconds, 00:00:00.02, 1m33.75s, 365.21 seconds), not numbers of clock ticks.
		When time is used as part of a pipeline, the times reported are unspecified, except when it is the sole command within a grouping command (see Grouping Commands) in that pipeline.
	www.opengroup.org /onlinepubs/009695399/utilities/time.html (1164 words)

	Today in History: November 18
		In one moment the many different standards of time that had caused conflict and confusion, were resolved into four simple standards.
		GMT was considered the "time zero," and the twenty-four standard meridians marked the centers of the zones.
		Standardized time was one of the "causes" advanced by the forward-thinking reformers of the period.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/nov18.html (1543 words)

	NIST Time and Frequency FAQ
		Standard Time begins each year at 2 a.m on the last Sunday of October.
		Time zones were originally the responsibility of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
		The need for time zones was first recognized by the railroads when they made it possible to transport goods and travelers across the country faster than ever before.
	tf.nist.gov /general/history.htm (561 words)

	Standard time - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Standard time is the result of synchronising clocks in different geographical locations within a time zone to the same time rather than using the local meridian as in local mean time or solar time.
		The time so set has come to be defined in terms of offsets from universal time.
		Prior to the 1883, solar time based on the "high noon" system, was used throughout the United States resulting in an inordinate number of local times.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standard_time (182 words)

	Time Zones of the United States
		The six standard time zones for the United States and a seventh zone which encompasses Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
		The railroads instituted standard time in time zones in the United States and Canada on November 18, 1883.
		The Time Zones of the United States map layer shows the six standard time zones for the United States, and a seventh zone, which encompasses Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
	nationalatlas.gov /mld/timeznp.html (333 words)

	Why is Singapore in the “Wrong” Time Zone? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On 1st June 1905, the mean time of the 105th Meridian (Longitude 105 deg East) was adopted by the Straits Settlements and the Federated Malay States as the new Standard Time.
		The proposed time was 30 min forward of the mean time of the 105th meridian, i.e.
		Singapore's mathematical Standard Zone Time is 7 hr (105th meridian), hence the current 8 hrs is = 7 + 1 which is equivalent to the DST during the Summer months in the temperate countries.
	www.math.nus.edu.sg /aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html (2500 words)

	Time (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The GMT or UT is centered in the middle of the time zone as 12:00.
		Any time zone to the left of this is -GMT or -UT and any time zone to the right of this is +GMT or +UT. Below is a listing of time zone abbreviations, time zone descriptions and the UT difference.
		Daylight Saving Time, or DST for short, is time when time in most portions of the United States and other portions of the world where time gains or loses an hour on a specific date.
	www.computerhope.com /jargon/t/time.htm (516 words)

	CNN.com - Time to fall back - Oct. 25, 2002
		The idea for daylight saving time reportedly was first suggested by Benjamin Franklin, but the idea wasn't instituted until World War I to save energy used for lights.
		But the result was confusion, because time changed from state to state and even city to city.
		Arizona, Hawaii, the part of Indiana in the Eastern time zone, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands and American Samoa remain on standard time year-round.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/US/10/26/time.change (311 words)

	Amazon.com: Standard Time: Music: Steve Tyrell (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The songs are a great collection, standards with heavenly melodies and terrific lyrics that take one back to a simpler time; they also lend themselves well to the jazzy, big band arrangements in this recording, giving the musicians some leeway to express their artistry.
		A night full of my all-time favorite fabulous standards performed so splendidly by the star of the show, the record producer who turned out to be a terrific interpreter of timeless songs from the Great American Songbook.
		Tyrell's three albums of standards "A New Standard," "Standard Time" and "This Guy's In Love" are very outstanding with the backing of seasoned and talented musicians headed by Bob Mann, Toots Thielemans, Clark Terry, Alan Pasqua, Plas Johnson, Joe Sample and Sweets Edison, to name a few.
	www.amazon.com /Standard-Time-Steve-Tyrell/dp/B00005Q460 (1568 words)

	Telling Time in Different Zones
		Read the time on the map with students and discuss the time in different parts of the world.
		Have students turn their clocks to the current time and ask students if the current time in California is the same as the time in New York.
		Then ask them if their time is behind or ahead of the specific time given.
	sln.fi.edu /time/Journey/JustInTime/clock/timezones.html (200 words)

	Amazon.com: Time Lord : Sir Sandford Fleming and the Creation of Standard Time: Books: Clark Blaise (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He has also put some pleasant essays in on how standardizing time affects art and literature, but they are certainly digressions in what is an inspiring story of a man with a good idea and how it changed the world.
		In addition to the creation of standard time, he was also largely responsible for the trans-Pacific cable and the trans-Canadian railway.
		It was also interesting and, at times, amusing to study the role politics and national pride (particularly between the British and the French) played in the entire affair.
	www.amazon.com /Time-Lord-Sandford-Creation-Standard/dp/0375401768 (2387 words)

	Time - Current time around the World and standard time zones map of the world
		TIME ABOVE THE MAP REFLECTS STANDARD TIME IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
		I was having a difficult time in scheduling a meeting for our sales reps in the UK and US...
		INTERACTIVE TIME MAP provides you an at-a-glance view of your local time in relation to 19 worldwide locations.
	www.worldtimezone.com (364 words)

	Decimal Time - Home Page
		Our current civil time is based mostly on the numbers "12" and "60", dating back to the duodecimal and sexagesimal systems used by the ancient Babylonians, instead of the decimal systems of time used in China.
		It is difficult to make time calculations involving standard units, which is why scientists and computer programmers convert dates and times to decimal time units.
		Fractional days are decimal times of day expressed as a decimal fraction, obtained by dividing the number of hours by 24, which are added to decimal dates and other dates by astronomers and computer programmers
	www.decimaltime.hynes.net /index.html (266 words)

	International Standard Date and Time Notation
		The time notation described here is already the de-facto standard in almost all countries and the date notation is becoming increasingly popular.
		The 12h time is simply a relic from the dark ages when Roman numerals were used, the number zero had not yet been invented and analog clocks where the only known form of displaying a time.
		Better use directly UTC as your only time zone where this is possible and then you do not have to worry about time zones and daylight saving time changes at all.
	parsifal.membrane.com /y2k/iso-time.htm (2577 words)

	CISAB \| World Time
		UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) defines the universal time zone, to which all the other time zones are relative.
		Daylight Saving Time (or Summer Time) is a modification of standard time by advancing clocks by one hour during the summer.
		Clocks are adjusted one hour ahead when DST begins in the spring, and moved one hour back to standard time in the autumn (an easy way to remember this is "spring ahead, fall back").
	www.indiana.edu /~animal/fun/conversions/worldtime.html (655 words)

	Time Synchronization in an NT Network (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Generally, it is a standard Greenwich Mean Time service provider, such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado, or the US Naval Observatory (USNO) in Washington, D.C. You can obtain the standard time using a modem or the Internet.
		In some cases, you can use a master time server or even a secondary time server as a time source, too, although a secondary time server is usually a client of a time source.
		A master time server at the top of the system obtains standard time from a remote standard time source and then provides this time to the entire network.
	www.windowsitpro.com /Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=522 (1731 words)

	Time Tracking Software, Time Tracking, Timesheet Software, Web Based Timesheet, Project Management Software
		Standard Time offers a web-based timesheet, Windows client, and Palm OS and Pocket PC clients.
		Standard Time is used for time tracking and expenses, and to plan resource tasks for large groups.
		Each person may plan projects, use a web-based timesheet, and track his or her time throughout the day.
	www.stdtime.com (209 words)

	CST: Central Standard Time (USA & Canada) - What's the time in Central Time Zone now?
		Central Standard Time (CST) is 6 hours behind Greenwich Mean Time (GMT-6).
		In most states in the USA and in most provinces in Canada, Daylight-Saving Time (DST) is observed.
		After the Summer months Central Time is shifted back by 1 hour to US Central Standard Time (CST) or (GMT-6).
	wwp.greenwichmeantime.in /time-zone/usa/central-time (331 words)

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