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Topic: Standard curve

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	Standard curve
		A standard curve is a quantitative research tool, a method of plotting assay data that is used to determine the concentration of a substance, particularly proteins and DNA.
		For example a standard curve for protein concentration is often created using known concentrations of bovine serum albumin.
		This data is used to make the standard curve, plotting concentration on the X axis, and assay measurement on the Y axis.
	www.ibpassociation.org /encyclopedia/Chemistry/Standard_curve.php (260 words)

	The Biotechnology Project: Laboratory Exercise 12: Standard Curves With Food Coloring
		To construct a standard curve, standards are prepared with known concentrations of analyte.
		Given a standard curve, it is possible to determine the concentration of an analyte in a sample based on the sample’s absorbance.
		Standard curves present and points are all on the line – or quite close.
	matcmadison.edu /biotech/resources/methods/labManual/unit_4/exercise_12.htm (1919 words)

	Info and facts on 'Standard curve' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The assay is first performed with various known concentrations of a substance similar to that being measured.
		This data is used to make the standard curve, plotting concentration on the X axis, and assay measurement on the Y axis.
		To analyze the data, one locates the measurement on the Y-axis that corresponds to the assay measurement of the unknown substance and follows a line to intersect the standard curve.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/st/standard_curve.htm (198 words)

	Promega eNotes - Applications
		However, IC values can also be determined by generating a standard curve consisting of a specified range of cell dilutions, because a 50% reduction in absorbance may not equate with a 50% reduction in cellular viability.
		A comparison of the IC results for the conventional method versus the standard curve method is shown in Figure 4, and a comparison between the two IC determination methods is shown in Figure 5.
		In fact, the absorbance value generated by 50% of intact cells according to the standard curve is greater than what is obtained using the formula.
	www.promega.com /enotes/applications/ap0017_tabs.htm (1787 words)

	Quantitative Methods in Public Administration, Normal Curve Means Tests
		Normal curve means tests, commonly called simply "hypothesis tests," are a basic method of exploring possible differences between two samples, or of testing the null hypothesis that an observed sample mean does not differ significantly from zero.
		If we computed the standard deviation of these sample means as an estimate of their variation around the true but unknown population mean, that standard deviation of means is called the standard error.
		Standard scores, also called z-scores or standardized data, are scores which have had the mean subtracted and which have been divided by the standard deviation to yield scores which have a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
	www2.chass.ncsu.edu /garson/pa765/normal.htm (1882 words)

	How to fit standard curves
		Standard curves are often nearly linear, at least within a certain range of concentrations.
		Therefore the standard curve is described by equations for competitive binding.
		With standard curve calculations, the choice of an equation is less important because you are not interested in the best-fit values of the variables in the equation.
	www.curvefit.com /how_to_fit.htm (462 words)

	Standard Deviation
		The standard deviation value represents the average distance of a set of scores from the mean.
		A smaller standard deviation represents a data set where scores are very close in value to the mean; a smaller range.
		Standard deviation is a constant interval from the mean.
	coe.sdsu.edu /eet/Articles/standarddev/start.htm (271 words)

	Data Reduction
		The Universal Curve utilizes the statistical uncertainties of each standard point in the curve to allow a "range" into which to fit the curve, rather than force it through the mean.
		Since the uncertainty is greatest near the extremities of the curve and particularly the area of lowest count rate, this region logically should impact the shape of the overall curve the least.
		Thus, the Universal Curve compensates for these inaccuracies by extending the range through which the curve is fit, thereby greatly improving the overall performance of the assay as a whole.
	www.labtechinc.com /productsservices/5000/datareduction.htm (706 words)

	Normal Curve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		That is, the part of the curve to the left of the zero point is the mirror image of that part of the curve to the right of it.
		That is 89.07% of the area under the curve lies to the left of 1.23.
		Although the z-score scale is the most widely used standardized scale in statistics, but frequently we want to express our standardized scores in unit with their own unique mean and standard deviation.
	www.coe.fau.edu /faculty/kauffman/sta6113/normal.htm (1803 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The present invention is related to a'method for determining a concentration of auto-antibodies in a biological sample by using a common standard curve for the diagnostic and the monitoring of specific auto-immune disease.
		This mathematical relation is usually represented by a standard curve of the concentration of the standard according to the signal response observed.
		Different resulted signals corresponding to increased concentrations of standard solutions are presented in a mathematical relationship which allow the presentation of a common standard curve (CSC) suitable for the characterisation of auto- antibodies 5 in a biological sample according to various parameters.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/50128.010712&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2635 words)

	Standard curve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A standard curve is a quantitative research tool, a method of plotting assay data that is used to determine the concentration of a substance, particularly proteins and DNA.
		For example a standard curve for protein concentration is often created using known concentrations of bovine serum albumin.
		The assay procedure may measure absorbance, optical density, luminescence, fluorescence, radioactivity, or something else.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standard_curve (260 words)

	Standard Deviation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		One standard deviation away from the mean in either direction on the horizontal axis (the red area on the above graph) accounts for somewhere around 68 percent of the people in this group.
		Two standard deviations away from the mean (the red and green areas) account for roughly 95 percent of the people.
		If this curve were flatter and more spread out, the standard deviation would have to be larger in order to account for those 68 percent or so of the people.
	www.robertniles.com /stats/stdev.shtml (1064 words)

	standard normal distribution table, curve, z value table, excel table
		Column B in the standard normal distribution table is the area under the standard normal distribution curve from a negative infinity to the sigma value (Z).
		Column D in the standard normal distribution table is the area under the standard normal distribution curve from –Z to +Z. This is the area around zero from plus or minus the SD stated.
		Column E in the standard normal distribution table is the area under the standard normal distribution curve outside of -Z to +Z. This is 1.0 minus the values for Column D. For outside plus or minus 1.5 SD the value is 0.1336.
	www.adamssixsigma.com /Newsletters/standard_normal_table.htm (1110 words)

	Standard Curve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The assay standard curve plots the standard curve and the QC limits of the curve.
		The graph includes the standard curve (green line) and data points (boxes) from today's assay, and and the standard curve (dotted line) established from the pool of Reference Assays.
		By overlaying today's curve with the curve and confidence limits from the reference assay data, it is easy to quickly view the reliability of today's assay.
	www.brendan.com /Ar1_curv.htm (305 words)

	Lab 2
		The unknown protein concentrations can be determined from the standard curve by drawing a horizontal line on the graph parallel to the X-axis and through the point on the Y-axis which corresponds to the absorbance.
		The absorption value of the unknowns should be within your standard curve values (higher than the lowest and lower than the highest) and your standard curve should have a nice linear correlation (the values should lie close to your best fit line.
		Plot your standard curve using your data from the previous page, include the "best-fit" line and clearly indicate (plot) your unknown values as Absorbance vs mg/ml (you should now be able to determine the protein concentration of the two unknows).
	bioweb.wku.edu /courses/Biol114/Lab2.asp (360 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| A standard curve based method for relative real time PCR data processing
		As long as the standard curve provides both basis and empirical validation for PCR results the threshold may be put at any level where it produces a satisfactory standard curve.
		Even though the standard curves could be quite reproducible [12] we consider the presence of standard curves on each plate to be a good laboratory practice.
		In contrast, the standard curve method is based on a simple approximation of data obtained in standard dilutions to unknown samples.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2105/6/62 (5349 words)

	Page 2
		Although a normal distribution curve never meets the horizontal axis, beyond the points represented by -3, and +3, it becomes so close to this axis that the area under the curve beyond these points in both directions can be taken as virtually zero.
		For the standard normal distribution, the value of the mean is equal to zero, and the value of the standard deviation is equal to 1.
		Likewise, the standard deviation of the sample mean is not equal to the standard deviation of the population mean, unless n = 1.
	www.ualr.edu /lcpearson/statistics/basic/week04/page2.htm (4358 words)

	Introduction to standard curves
		Standard curves are used to determine the concentration of substances.
		Graph these data to make a standard curve - concentration on the X axis, and assay measurement on the Y axis.
		For each unknown, read across the graph from the spot on the Y-axis that corresponds to the assay measurement of the unknown until you intersect the standard curve.
	curvefit.com /introduction5b.htm (257 words)

	Calculating "Unknown" Concentrations using a Standard Curve in Prism
		A standard curve is a graph relating a measured quantity (radioactivity, fluorescence, or optical density, for example) to concentration of the substance of interest in "known" samples.
		You then draw the standard curve by plotting assayed quantity (on the Y axis) vs. concentration (on the X axis).
		Standard curve results -- Unknowns are represented as spikes on the graph; numerical results are reported as an embedded table.
	www.graphpad.com /prism/tutorials/curves/standard_curves.htm (639 words)

	Mass Spectrometry Quantitation
		The standard curve creation procedure is also a critical part of the quantitative assay.
		In order for the assay to be valid the reference standard must be valid and each weighing and pipetting in the standard curve creation must be performed correctly.
		Since the standard curve can often span three orders of magnitude usually the standard samples are run from lowest concentration to highest.
	www.ionsource.com /tutorial/msquan/standard.htm (1310 words)

	Standard curve for molecular mass (molecular weight; relative molecular mass) – SDS-PAGE
		Protein standards for gels are purified polypeptides with relative mobilities that correspond closely to their true molecular mass.
		As long as a gel is calibrated using internal standards, MW estimates can be obtained by representing relative migration distance using an arbitrary reference point such as the bottom of the gel.
		Use of a true relative mobility allows one to use the same standard curve for any gel of the exact same composition regardless of dimensions or position of the dye front when electrophoresis is terminated.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~bioslabs/studies/sds-page/mw.html (541 words)

	Setting up a colorimetric assay
		Because it is not always practical to use identical buffers for all unknowns and standards, we need only ensure that none of the components of any of the buffers has a significant effect on absorbance.
		For example, if the volume of each standard or sample is 1 ml, and 1 ml of your unknown gives a result that is off scale, you can add 0.1 ml sample to a test tube along with 0.9 ml buffer.
		A standard curve is obtained by plotting absorbance versus amount of substance X. If the relationship is clearly linear, a standard curve isn't even necessary.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~bioslabs/methods/protein/protcurve.html (1862 words)

	Normal curve
		To draw such a curve, one needs to specify two parameters, the mean and the standard deviation.
		Comparing two normal curves, where the one on the right is done by the Plot Manager software, the uneven allocation of the data points becomes quite evident.
		Exactly as in the case of the standard normal distribution, the numbers on the x-axis represent the standard deviations from the mean.
	www.tushar-mehta.com /excel/charts/normal_distribution (1050 words)

	Standard curve - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Automation training yields results: a focused, standard approach shortens learning curves.(Agency Technology On The Cutting Edge) : An article from: National...
		Warp, Moe, and grade of structural lumber curve sawn from small-diameter douglas-fir logs.
		CRC Standard Curves and Surfaces: A Mathematica Notebook
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /standard_curve.htm (331 words)

	Typically, in real-time relative RT-PCR, a standard curve is generated from a dilution series constructed from a ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Typically, in real-time relative RT-PCR, a standard curve is generated from a dilution series constructed from a "reference" sample.
		For accurate relative quantitation, it is essential that the dilution series from which the standard curve is generated be carefully prepared.
		Relative values for target abundance in each experimental sample is extrapolated from the standard curve generated from the reference standard.
	fgf.bsd.uchicago.edu /rt_pcr/standards.htm (219 words)

	Fetal Grouth Curve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The standard fetal weight growth curve was established using huge data accumulated in the n~atal detabase at Tokyo Metropolitan Government Maternal and Child Health Service Center since.
		Therefore, the growth curve was divided into female male curve with adding primipara and multipara curves after 32 weeks of gestation.
		Comparison between our new curve and Nishida's growth curve indicated latter curve had a wide range of l.5 SD, especially-I.5 SD range was wide at 33 to 37 weeks of ation.
	www.shinozuka.com /US/fgcv.html (263 words)

	Chapter 5: The Normal Curve
		The normal distribution is the bell curve (or normal curve).
		The standard normal curve is the normal curve with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.
		A normal curve is defined by two parameters, the mean and the standard deviation.
	science.kennesaw.edu /~jdemaio/1107/Chap5.htm (576 words)

	Proteomics - Protein Assays
		Deciding on the number of standards and replicates used to define the standard curve depends upon the degree of non-linearity in the standard curve and the degree of accuracy required.
		All of the proteins tested using the standard tube protocol with the BCA Protein Assay, the Modified Lowry Protein Assay, the Coomassie Protein Assay and the Coomassie Plus Protein Assay were at a concentration of 1,000 µg/ml.
		If the standard curve is linear, or if the absorbance readings for your samples fall within the linear portion of the standard curve, the total protein concentrations of the samples can be estimated using the linear regression equation.
	www.piercenet.com /Proteomics/browse.cfm?fldID=BE219700-9B95-43A1-A3DA-83800F1A0392 (1978 words)

	Conchoid
		The name means shell form and was studied by the Greek mathematician Nicomedes in about 200 BC in relation to the problem of duplication of the cube.
		It was a favourite with 17 Century mathematicians and could be used, as Nicomedes had intended, to solve the problems of duplicating the cube and trisecting an angle.
		Newton said it should be a 'standard' curve.
	www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk /%7Ehistory/Curves/Conchoid.html (168 words)

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