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Topic: Standard streams

	Standard Error Definition
		Standard input is the source of input data for a command line program, and by default it is any text entered from the keyboard.
		As an example of the separate redirection of the two output streams from a single command, the wc command (whose default behavior is to count the lines, words and characters in text) can be used to attempt to provide counts for two files, nofile, which does not exist, and file1, which does exist.
		Standard output is redirected to the file wordcount using the output redirection operator (designated by a single rightward facing angular bracket), and standard error is redirected to the file errorlog with the standard error appending operator:
	www.bellevuelinux.org /standard_error.html (618 words)

	exec(++Command, +Streams, ?Pid)
		Stdin must be an output stream because it is connected to the standard input of the child process.
		If the stream is a variable, it is bound to the physical stream number, if it is an atom different from null, that symbolic stream is used.
		In this case a pipe is set up to the stream Stream and in addition the pipe is instructed to send the signal io each time new data appears in it.
	www.cs.jhu.edu /~jason/425/eclipse-doc/bips/kernel/opsys/exec-3.html (555 words)

	The GNU C Library
		stream, which is the normal source of input for the program.
		stream, which is used for normal output from the program.
		stream, which is used for error messages and diagnostics issued by the program.
	jamesthornton.com /gnu/glibc/Standard-Streams.html (193 words)

	What is standard input? -- a definition by The Linux Information Project (LINFO)
		Standard input, often abbreviated stdin, is the source of input data for command line programs (i.e., all-text mode programs) on Linux and other Unix-like operating systems.
		These streams consist of data in plain text (i.e., human readable alphanumeric characters) form and are considered to be special types of files.
		Standard input can be redirected through the use of arguments and redirection operators so that it becomes a source other than the keyboard (just as standard output and standard error can be redirected so that they go to a destination other than the display monitor).
	www.bellevuelinux.org /standard_input.html (869 words)

	Opening Streams - The GNU C Library
		Any other stream is opened initially unoriented and the orientation is decided with the first file operation.
		If the first operation is a wide character operation, the stream is not only marked as wide-oriented, also the conversion functions to convert to the coded character set used for the current locale are loaded.
		This is useful in programs in which use of a standard stream for certain purposes is hard-coded.
	www.gnu.org /software/libc/manual/html_node/Opening-Streams.html (1067 words)

	Special Files
		These are known as the "standard input", "standard output", and "standard error output".
		These streams are, by default, terminal input and output, but they are often redirected with the shell, via the `<', `<<', `>', `>>', `>and' and `' operators.
		Standard error is used only for writing error messages; the reason we have two separate streams, standard output and standard error, is so that they can be redirected separately.
	docs.freebsd.org /info/gawk/gawk.info.Special_Files.html (658 words)

	avr-libc: <stdio.h>: Standard IO facilities
		If streams initialized that way are no longer needed, they can be destroyed by first calling the macro fdev_close(), and then destroying the object itself.
		If standard streams are to be used, these need to be assigned by the user.
		When using fdevopen() to setup the stream, a call to fclose() is needed in order to free the internal resources allocated.
	www.nongnu.org /avr-libc/user-manual/group__avr__stdio.html (4074 words)

	The Standard C++ Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Streams are used in C++ programs to send data from one place in memory to another.
		Another stream is "cerr" which works exactly the same way as "cout" except that the output is assumed to be an error message.
		The third standard stream is "cin" which allows you to receive text entered into your program.
	www.acm.uiuc.edu /bug/projects/tutorials/chapter1lib.html (385 words)

	The Sofia Open Content Initiative - Java Programming (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		As you'll see shortly, although the standard input and standard error streams are initially connected to the keyboard and screen, they needn't remain so connected.
		Standard input is connected to System.in, standard output is connected to System.out, and standard error is connected to System.err.
		Remember that standard input is connected to the keyboard [or console] by default.
	sofia.fhda.edu /gallery/java/unit13/lesson13-1.html (1527 words)

	System Interfaces Chapter 2
		When a stream is ``unbuffered'', bytes are intended to appear from the source or at the destination as soon as possible; otherwise, bytes may be accumulated and transmitted as a block.
		If the stream is open with a mode that allows reading and the underlying open file description refers to a device that is capable of seeking, the application shall either perform an fflush(), or the stream shall be closed.
		As with the stream's orientation, the encoding rule associated with a stream cannot be changed once it has been set, except by a successful call to freopen() which clears the encoding rule and resets the orientation to unoriented.
	www.opengroup.org /onlinepubs/009695399/functions/xsh_chap02_05.html (2061 words)

	The MOST: EoC CHAPTER 9 - DISK FILE INPUT/OUTPUT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Because streams are device-independent, the same function can write to a disk file or to another device, such as a console.
		In a text stream, certain character translations may occur (eg, a newline may be converted to a carriage return/line-feed pair).
		Normally, these streams refer to the console, but they may be redirected by the operating system to some other device or environment.
	www.themost.org /courses/langs/eoc/lessons/eoc_09.html (1930 words)

	Standard I/O Streams
		If it is a stream which is open for writing or appending (but not also open for reading), either an fflush() must be done, or the stream must be closed.
		If the stream is open with a mode that allows reading and the underlying open file description refers to a device that is capable of seeking, either an fflush() must occur or the stream must be closed.
		For wide-orientated streams, after a successful call to a file-positioning function that leaves the file position indicator prior to the end-of-file, a wide-character output function can overwrite a partial character; any file contents beyond the byte(s) written are henceforth undefined.
	www.opengroup.org /onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/stdio.html (1850 words)

	21.1. Standard Streams
		Typically, writing to this stream would cause the output to appear on a display screen, for example, and reading from the stream would accept input from a keyboard.
		For example, the standard initial streams might all be synonym streams (or two-way or echo streams whose components are synonym streams) to a pair of hidden terminal input and output streams maintained by the implementation.
		Part of the intent of these rules is to ensure that it is always safe to bind any standard stream variable to the value of any other standard stream variable (that is, unworkable circularities are avoided) without unduly restricting implementation flexibility.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /Groups/AI/html/cltl/clm/node183.html (615 words)

	The GNU C Library
		The standard input stream, which is the normal source of input for the program.
		The standard output stream, which is used for normal output from the program.
		The standard error stream, which is used for error messages and diagnostics issued by the program.
	www.delorie.com /gnu/docs/glibc/libc_178.html (229 words)

	Jak Kirman -- Programming -- Stream cheat sheet
		Streams are the basic IO mechanism in C++.
		There are four kinds of streams, shown here with the corresponding C functions, and the include files you need for them.
		If input fails, the input stream turns on a bit called fail, which you can test with a member function.
	www.cs.brown.edu /people/jak/proglang/cpp/streams.html (462 words)

	Input and Output
		When the stream ID is specified, that stream is used for the I/O. When the stream ID is NOT specified, the current default input or output stream is used.
		For file streams, many are set when you open the file.
		This is because input streams are read a line at a time, and the line is converted from possible multi-byte (variable length) characters in the stream to wide characters internally.
	www.amzi.com /manuals/amzi6/pro/ref_io.htm (3407 words)

	The Boost Iostreams library
		At the heart of Boost.Iostreams are a collection of concepts and set of templates which turn models of these concepts into C++ standard library streams and stream buffers.
		The fundamental building blocks of the library are the concepts of a Source, which provides read access to a sequence of characters, a Sink, which provides write access to a sequence of characters, an InputFilter, which filters input read from a Source, and an OutputFilter, which filters output written to a Sink.
		Together, standard input streams, standard output streams and standard i/o streams will be refered to as standard streams.
	www.boost.org /libs/iostreams/doc/home.html (464 words)

	The Standard Streams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The C standard defines three streams with specific properties.
		In fact, it does not make sense for toasters to support standard streams so standard streams are not required by the toaster program.
		These are the declarations of the standard streams, but uCR provides no implementations of these variables and the linker will report an undefined symbol if a program tries to access them.
	www.icarus.com /ucr/node41.html (223 words)

	I/O from the Command Line (The Java™ Tutorials > Essential Classes > Basic I/O)
		Standard Streams are a feature of many operating systems.
		Standard Output and Standard Error are both for output; having error output separately allows the user to divert regular output to a file and still be able to read error messages.
		You might expect the Standard Streams to be character streams, but, for historical reasons, they are byte streams.
	java.sun.com /docs/books/tutorial/essential/io/cl.html (519 words)

	C++ I/O library (experimental)
		You should download it if you are interested in contributing to an ongoing development effort, but not (yet) if you are looking for a library implementation that is guaranteed to work "out of the box".
		It does not include a standard C library implementation; it is intended to interoperate with an existing C library.
		The standard specifies how it's supposed to work in some detail, and it doesn't seem to be possible to do it portably.
	www.sgi.com /tech/stl/standard_library.html (1446 words)

	The C Standard Library
		The functions in the C standard library are grouped according to the header file that contains their declaration.
		The standard streams are declared as the following variables in stdio.h.
		A stream has to be connected to a file or I/O device, and a stream maintains important state information: the current position of the stream.
	www.d.umn.edu /~gshute/C/lib.html (904 words)

	Review: Copying Files (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		An output stream is a sequence of characters heading for an output device.
		Output streams are instances of the class ostream, which is defined in .
		When a stream is in the fail state, it turns into 0, the null pointer.
	www.mathcs.sjsu.edu /faculty/pearce/patterns/streams/streams2.html (2803 words)

	July 1993/Code Capsules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Whether the source or destination is a file, a string, or a standard device, the operations are identical ("A stream is a stream is a stream...").
		An output stream tied to an input stream is automatically flushed when input is requested.
		Note: Classes that specifically support simultaneous input and output on a stream (namely, strearn, strstream, and iostream) are not part of the proposed standard for C++.
	www.tcnj.edu /~hernande/cujv5/html/11.07/allison1/allison1.htm (2057 words)

	[No title]
		Whatever you type (or paste) into the fl window becomes standard input to the console application and whatever text you see displayed is actually the standard output and/or standard error (it can be difficult to tell them apart sometimes).
		This becomes very interesting when you consider that standard input and output are really compatible ideas and that standard output from one program can serve as standard input to another, and so on and on.
		This represents the command-line parameters passed to the console application (unlike with standard C applications, the name of the executable is not passed to the application as the first argument).
	msdn.microsoft.com /msdnmag/issues/04/02/NETConsoleApps/default.aspx (5595 words)

	Technical Note TN1117: Open Transport STREAMS FAQ
		Data that the stream generates and sends to the client is handled on the read-side queue.
		One case where they have a significant effect is on the stream head, where the band affects the order in which data is delivered to the client.
		STREAMS passes you the message block, and you are expected to remember it, free it, or pass it on.
	developer.apple.com /technotes/tn/tn1117.html (7324 words)

	Standard streams - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The standard streams for input, output, and error
		In contrast, previous operating systems usually required some—often complex—job control language to establish connections, or the equivalent burden had to be orchestrated by the program.
		The C++ standard header provides two variables associated with this stream:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Standard_streams (813 words)

	Formatting Your Output with C++ Streams > ANSI Standard Issue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		The current standard is therefore an ANSI/ISO standard or simply an ISO standard.
		This standard included a huge set of classes and functions known as the C++ Standard Library, which is where you find all the stream classes.
		To get the most out of the language, the standards committee agreed to lump all the classes in the Standard Library into a single namespace called the std (which stands for standard) namespace.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=170770 (671 words)

	The Boost Iostreams Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		To allow the easy creation of standard C++ stream and stream buffer classes for new data sources and sinks.
		implement standard stream buffers and streams which perform i/o by delegating to a contained Filter or Device.
		He also suggested parameterizing the filtering streams and stream buffers by mode, greatly reducing the number of library templates.
	home.comcast.net /~jturkanis/iostreams/libs/iostreams/doc/home.html (612 words)

	Standard Streams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		A stream of characters is input (from a file) and later a stream of characters is output (often to the same file).
		Some programs read the entire input stream is before they write the output stream.
		In general, a program may have several input streams flowing into it and several output streams flowing out of it.
	chortle.ccsu.edu /java5/Notes/chap10/ch10_4.html (148 words)

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